谭春玲, 刘洋, 黄雪刚, 张峻源, 罗文浩. 生物炭对土壤微生物代谢活动的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(3): 333−342. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210542
引用本文: 谭春玲, 刘洋, 黄雪刚, 张峻源, 罗文浩. 生物炭对土壤微生物代谢活动的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(3): 333−342. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210542
TAN C L, LIU Y, HUANG X G, ZHANG J Y, LUO W H. Effect of biochar on soil microbial metabolic activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(3): 333−342. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210542
Citation: TAN C L, LIU Y, HUANG X G, ZHANG J Y, LUO W H. Effect of biochar on soil microbial metabolic activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(3): 333−342. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210542

生物炭对土壤微生物代谢活动的影响

Effect of biochar on soil microbial metabolic activities

  • 摘要: 近年来, 生物炭在农业及环境领域的应用受到广泛关注, 不仅能够增强土壤肥力, 还能固定与降解土壤污染物, 从而降低污染物对土壤生态系统的毒性效应。土壤微生物的生长代谢活动是驱动土壤元素循环和有机污染物降解的主要动力, 也是反映土壤健康状况的重要指标。生物炭的上述正面作用可能是通过促进微生物生长代谢活动来实现的。而目前对各类生物炭影响下微生物代谢活动存在的差异认识仍不全面, 不利于生物炭的可持续发展应用。因此, 考察生物炭的施用对土壤微生物的影响显得十分必要。本文总结了生物炭对土壤微生物丰度、多样性、群落结构及活性变化的影响机制: 生物炭的多孔结构可为微生物提供栖息地, 其灰分可为微生物提供养分; 高温生物炭可提高酸性土壤pH, 这为大部分微生物提供适宜的生存环境; 同时, 生物炭的活性官能团可介导微生物的电子传递促进微生物的代谢活动。但生物炭含有的多环芳烃(PAHs)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、环境持久性自由基(EPFRs)和重金属等对微生物生长代谢活动具有抑制作用。因此, 本文结合生物炭的原料来源、热解温度等重要因素, 深入探究了生物炭对土壤微生物的正面与负面作用; 以及生物炭与微生物作用对土壤的肥力提升、污染修复和控制病原微生物的影响, 及其所涉及的相关机制。最后, 本文就如何高效应用生物炭提出建议, 并对生物炭与微生物的未来研究方向提出了展望。

     

    Abstract: The application of biochar in agriculture and the environment has attracted widespread concern. Biochar can enhance soil fertility and reduce toxic effects on soil ecosystems through the fixation and degradation of soil pollutants. The metabolic activity of soil microorganisms is the main driving force in soil element cycles and organic pollutant degradation and is an important index reflecting soil health. However, the understanding of the differences in microbial metabolic activities under the influence of different types of biochar is still incomplete, impeding its sustainable development and application; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the application of biochar to soil microorganisms. This review summarized the mechanisms by which biochar (derived from different raw material sources and pyrolysis temperatures) on soil microbial abundance, diversity, community structure, and activity changes to deeply explore the positive or negative effects of biochar on soil microorganisms. We also focused on the electron transfer process of microbes mediated by biochar, soil fertility improvement induced by biochar-microbe interaction, pollution remediation, and pathogenic microorganism control. The porous structure of biochar provides habitats for microorganisms, while its mineral content can provide nutrients, and high-temperature biochar can increase the pH of acidic soil, providing a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms. The functional groups with redox activity in biochar can mediate the electron transfer process and promote microbial metabolism. However, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, environmentally persistent free radicals, and heavy metals contained in biochar have inhibitory effects on the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. Nevertheless, aging and pickling treatments can effectively reduce their toxicity. The effects of biochar and microorganisms on soil fertility improvement, pollution remediation, control of pathogenic microorganisms, and the related mechanisms were also discussed. In practical applications in agriculture, it was found that biochar can promote the abundance and metabolic activity of functional microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving, potassium-dissolving, and pollutant-degrading bacteria. Therefore, under the joint action of biochar and microorganisms, soil fertility can be improved, polluted soil can be repaired, and the detrimental effects of pathogenic microorganisms on crops can be controlled. Suggestions on the efficient utilization of biochar were put forward, and directions for future research biochar and microorganisms were proposed.

     

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