MUSHIMIYIMANA C, LIU L L, YANG Y H, LI H L, WANG L N, SHENG Z P, ITANGISHAKA A C. Drivers of evapotranspiration increase in the Baiyangdian Catchment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(4): 598−607 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220121
Citation:
MUSHIMIYIMANA C, LIU L L, YANG Y H, LI H L, WANG L N, SHENG Z P, ITANGISHAKA A C. Drivers of evapotranspiration increase in the Baiyangdian Catchment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(4): 598−607 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220121
MUSHIMIYIMANA C, LIU L L, YANG Y H, LI H L, WANG L N, SHENG Z P, ITANGISHAKA A C. Drivers of evapotranspiration increase in the Baiyangdian Catchment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(4): 598−607 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220121
Citation:
MUSHIMIYIMANA C, LIU L L, YANG Y H, LI H L, WANG L N, SHENG Z P, ITANGISHAKA A C. Drivers of evapotranspiration increase in the Baiyangdian Catchment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(4): 598−607 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220121
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Texas A & M AgriLife Research Center, El Paso, Texas 79927, USA
Funds: This study was financially supported by the Project from the Ministry of Science & Technology of China (2018YFE0110100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42171046).
Abstract:
The Baiyangdian Catchment is facing a growing shortage of water resources. Identifying the sensitive drivers of evapotranspiration (ET) changes from land and crop management will be critical to understanding the reasons for mountainous runoff reduction and depletion of groundwater resources in the plain. It will also be important for making Xiong’an become a Future Example City for green and sustainable development. In this study, remotely sensed ET data from PML V2 products with a spatial resolution of 500 m was used to analyze the trend of ET at the pixel level and to understand its influence on vegetation such as GPP (Gross Primary Production) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) under different land-use types for 2002‒2018. Results showed that there was a significant increase in ET in mountain regions and a slight increase in plain regions of the catchment. The spatial pattern of mean annual ET was very much relevant to the changing trend of GPP and NDVI. For the whole catchment, the average increases of ET, GPP, and NDVI were respectively 2.4 mm∙a−1, 9.8 g∙cm−2∙a−1, and 0.0021 at an annual rate. In the mountainous region, changes in annual precipitation and vegetation recovery together caused a total increase of ET by 56.5 mm over the period and negatively affected the runoff. In the plain region, there were 3 factors influencing the change of ET. While intensification of urbanization and reduction in the cultivation of wheat, the water consumptive crop, had both resulted in the decrease of ET and water consumption, ET or water consumption in most irrigated fields increased. Since the beneficial effects from urbanization and crop adjustment were not enough to offset the increase of ET in irrigated fields, an overall ET increase of 6.4 mm over the period was found. In conclusion, both in the mountainous and plain regions, ET increased. And therefore, more efforts are needed to control the ET increase in natural vegetation and cropland for a green and sustainable catchment.
Figure
1.
Location of the Baiyangdian Catchment [ a: map of elevation with meteorological stations; b: map of land use types in 2020; the map is separated into the mountain region (Region Ⅰ) and plain region (Region Ⅱ) by the elevation of 100 m asl]
Figure
2.
Spatial distribution of annual average evapotranspiration (ET, a), gross primary production (GPP, b), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, c) for the period of 2002–2018 in the Baiyangdian Catchment
Figure
3.
Variation and trend in annual evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation (P) in mountain areas (Ⅰ), plain areas (Ⅱ), and the whole catchment (BYD)
Figure
4.
Trend and significance of Gross Primary Production (GPP) (a) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, b) in mountainous areas (Ⅰ), plain areas (Ⅱ), and the whole catchment (BYD) from 2002 to 2018
Figure
5.
Temporal trends in evapotranspiration (ET, a), gross primary production (GPP, b), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, c) in Baiyangdian Catchment for the period 2002–2018
Figure
6.
Temporal trends in monthly evapotranspiration (ET, a), gross primary production (GPP, b), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, c) in the mountain region (Ⅰ), plain region (Ⅱ), and the whole catchment (BYD) for the period 2002–2018
Figure
7.
Correspondence of evapotranspiration (ET) changes (ET2014–2018 minus ET2002–2006) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes (NDVI2014–2018 minus NDVI2002–2006) in pixels of the mountainous region (Region Ⅰ, a), urban (b) and cropland (c) in the plain region (Region Ⅱ)
Figure
8.
Spatial distributions of evapotranspiration (ET trend) changes for summer maize season from June to September (a) and winter wheat growing season from October to May (b) in the plain region for the period 2002–2018
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