陶荣荣, 陆钰, 于琪, 马泉, 丁永刚, 钱进, 丁锦峰, 李春燕, 朱新开, 郭文善, 朱敏. 盐逆境对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(3): 428−437. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220164
引用本文: 陶荣荣, 陆钰, 于琪, 马泉, 丁永刚, 钱进, 丁锦峰, 李春燕, 朱新开, 郭文善, 朱敏. 盐逆境对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(3): 428−437. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220164
TAO R R, LU Y, YU Q, MA Q, DING Y G, QIAN J, DING J F, LI C Y, ZHU X K, GUO W S, ZHU M. Effects of salt stress on physiological characteristics and yield of different salt-tolerant wheat varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(3): 428−437. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220164
Citation: TAO R R, LU Y, YU Q, MA Q, DING Y G, QIAN J, DING J F, LI C Y, ZHU X K, GUO W S, ZHU M. Effects of salt stress on physiological characteristics and yield of different salt-tolerant wheat varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(3): 428−437. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220164

盐逆境对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响

Effects of salt stress on physiological characteristics and yield of different salt-tolerant wheat varieties

  • 摘要: 为筛选耐盐高产小麦品种, 确定较为快捷有效的小麦耐盐鉴定指标, 本研究采用田间试验, 以前期筛选出的5个耐盐差异性显著的春性小麦品种(较耐盐品种: ‘宁麦21’ ‘扬麦20’ ‘扬辐麦4’; 盐敏感品种: ‘扬麦23’ ‘安农1124’)为材料, 在江苏大丰地区设置非盐逆境(S0, 播前土壤含盐量0.770±0.062 g∙kg−1)和盐逆境(S1, 播前土壤含盐量3.294±0.198 g∙kg−1)两个处理, 研究了盐胁迫对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明, 在盐逆境下, 春小麦叶面积指数、干物质积累量及茎蘖数显著下降; 穗数、每穗粒数与千粒重也显著减少, 其中穗数降幅达60.7%, 为减产的主导因素; 其次是粒重的减少, 最终导致产量显著降低, 仅为非逆境条件下的26.2%。研究还发现, 在盐碱胁迫下, 花后SPAD值与叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm降低, 丙二醛与脯氨酸含量显著增加, 变化幅度在品种间存在差异, 耐盐品种的SPAD值及叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm的降幅与丙二醛的增幅较小, 但脯氨酸含量的增幅较大, 因而减产幅度较小。进一步分析表明, 叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm与穗数、千粒重及产量间呈显著正相关关系, SPAD值与干物质积累量呈显著正相关, 干物质积累量与穗数、千粒重及产量间呈显著正相关关系。这些结果表明盐胁迫通过降低叶绿素含量与叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm抑制小麦的光合作用, 减少光合产物的生成, 造成最终的减产。因此在小麦耐盐性田间鉴定中, 开花期SPAD值与叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm可作为耐盐性鉴定快捷可靠的指标。此外, ‘扬麦20’在盐碱地中减产幅度最小, 综合表现较好, 适合在大丰地区盐碱地种植。

     

    Abstract: Soil salinity is a global issue that affects wheat production, and it is of great interest to improve the production efficiency of wheat in saline fields. A comprehensive understanding of salt-tolerance mechanisms and the selection of reliable screening indices are crucial for breeding salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Previous studies have reported the performance of wheat under salt stress and controlled experimental conditions, such as potted plants, seawater (saltwater) irrigation, hydroponics, and salt ponds, but could not simulate the actual production environment in the field and reflect the law of crop growth in a natural state. How salinity stress affects wheat yield, and the physiological indicators that contribute to yield formation under saline field conditions are not yet to be established. Five spring wheat varieties with significant differences in salt tolerance (salt-tolerant varieties: ‘NM21’ ‘YM20’ ‘YFM4’; salt-sensitive varieties: ‘YM23’ ‘AN1124’) screened in a previous experiment were grown at two sites with significantly different soil salinity, namely: non-saline (control, soil salinity before sowing was 0.770±0.062 g∙kg−1) and saline (soil salinity before sowing was 3.294±0.198 g∙kg−1) fields, in Dafeng, Jiangsu, China. The yield and its components, post-anthesis chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, malondialdehyde content, and proline content were measured. The results showed that the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and tillers number decreased significantly in saline field. Moreover, compared with the control, wheat yield in saline field decreased significantly and was only 26.2% of the control. The number of spikes, kernels per spike, and 1000-grain weight also decreased significantly. The number of spikes, which decreased by 60.7%, was the main constraint on yield production, followed by the 1000-grain weight, which also decreased. Salt stress also caused a significant decrease in chlorophyll relative content (SPAD value) and chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm but significantly increased the malondialdehyde and proline contents; the range of change differed among varieties. Salt-tolerant varieties had a lower decrease in chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm and a lower increase in malondialdehyde content but a higher increase in proline content, therefore, there was a lower decrease in yield. Correlation analysis was carried out for the physiological characteristics at the flowering stage, yield, and its constituent factors in wheat with different salt tolerances. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm and the number of spikes, 1000-grain weight, and yield, and SPAD value was positively correlated with dry matter accumulation. A significant positive correlation was observed between dry matter accumulation and the number of spikes, 1000-grain weight, and yield, indicating that salt stress inhibits photosynthesis in wheat by reducing chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, reducing the production of photosynthetic products, consequently resulting in a final yield reduction. Hence, in field identification, SPAD value and chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm at the flowering stage can be used as fast and reliable indices for salt tolerance in wheat. Furthermore, ‘YM20’ had the lowest yield reduction rate and better overall performance, making it suitable for planting in Dafeng saline land.

     

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