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摘要: 农业生态学作为生态学和农业科学的交叉学科, 有助于优化传统农业体系和生态农业实践。为厘清国际农业生态学的发展现状和研究趋势, 本文借助CiteSpace对2012—2021年Web of Science核心数据库的国际农业生态学论文进行计量分析, 研究发现: 1)国际农业生态学的热点议题主要是农业生态系统的整体表现及其评价的研究、以生态农业实践为基础的科学研究以及关于生态农业社会运动与社会影响的研究等。2)国际农业生态研究人员在农业生态学领域有很多基础性和创新性研究, 主要围绕农业生态转型与生态农业产业形态、生态农业社会运动以及如何调节农业生态系统内部诸生态因子、建构可持续农业生态体系展开。3)国际农业生态学研究的前沿趋势不仅聚焦于涉及自然学科的生物多样性保护、景观生态安全格局、农业种植体系与农业环境污染等内容, 还涉及社会管理相关领域的知识型农民培育、农业教育和参与式治理模式等方面。未来国内农业生态学的发展可在立足国情的基础上, 加强国际交流合作, 同时, 紧随国家发展战略, 推动新型农业技术的创新发展。Abstract: In recent years, with continuous changes in the ecological environment, there is a public perception that the promotion of coordinated and sustainable agriculture is much higher than the development of extensive, industrial, and single-oriented agriculture. Agroecology, as an interdisciplinary science at the intersection of ecology and agricultural science, provides a channel to optimize conventional farming systems and ecological agriculture practices, thus becoming a thriving research hotspot in the present day. Therefore, clarifying the research hotspots and emerging trends in international agroecology research helps explain its development and prospects, although there is little in-depth research on this topic. Thus, this study employs the visual analysis software CiteSpace to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the relevant literatures on international agroecology research in the Web of Science from 2012 to 2021. According to this study, three points emerge. The first concerns the research hotspots of international agroecology. Specifically, the analysis of 19 keyword clusters reveal that the research hotspots focus more on the agro-ecosystem’s overall performance and evaluation; for example, the investigation of irreversible influences of climate change, the optimization of climate resilient systems, and the improvement of the field. Moreover, the fundamental and scientific research of ecological agriculture practice gains extensive scholarly focus on agricultural intensification, integrated weed management, soil organic matter, plant function traits etc. Additionally, the social movement of ecological agriculture and its social influence on food security and food sovereignty have been widely investigated. The second point concerns the basic knowledge of agroecology. Through a detailed account of the highly cited references and reference co-citation clustering network, the knowledge base reflects that international agroecology scholars have conducted basic and innovative studies in this field. Notably, the related knowledge base dwells on the ecological transformation and industrial form of ecological agriculture, its social movement, and the adjustment of ecological factors embedded in agricultural ecosystems (e.g., crop diversification, diverse cropping systems, and plant patterns) to construct a sustainable agro-ecosystem. The third point relates to emerging trends in international agroecological studies. Based on burst words and references with subsequent citation bursts, emerging trends highlight agrobiodiversity, biodiversity conservation, landscape ecological security patterns, production systems, and pesticide pollution within the natural sciences. It also involves research in the social management field, specifically the cultivation of knowledgeable farmers, agricultural education, and the connection between indigenous knowledge and modern agro-ecological practices based on participatory action research. Rooted in the national conditions, the future development of domestic agroecology can strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, follow trending international research topics, and comply with the national development strategy and boost the advancement of new agricultural technology, thus enhancing the diversity and sustainability of agro-ecosystems.
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Key words:
- Agroecology /
- Agro-ecosystem /
- Ecological agriculture practices /
- Bibliometric analysis /
- CiteSpace
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图 1 2012—2021年国际农业生态学研究关键词聚类图谱
Figure 1. Mapping of keywords clustering of international studies on agroecology from 2012 to 2021
图 2 2012—2021年国际农业生态学研究共被引文献图谱
Figure 2. References co-citation network of international studies on agroecology from 2012 to 2021
图 3 2012—2021年国际农业生态学研究共被引文献聚类图谱
Figure 3. References co-citation clustering network of international studies on agroecology from 2012 to 2021
表 1 2012—2021年国际农业生态学研究关键词聚类分类
Table 1. Keyword cluster classification of international studies on agroecology from 2012 to 2021
聚类名称
Cluster name具体聚类
Cluster规模
Size平均轮廓值Silhouette 特征词
Keyword农业生态系统的整体表现及其评价的
研究
Studies on overall performance and evaluation of agro-ecosystem#8可持续农业
Sustainable agriculture27 0.921 可持续农业、气候智慧型农业
Sustainable agriculture, climate-smart agriculture#9产量
Yield25 0.913 轮作、饲草生产系统
Crop rotation, forage system#11生态系统服务
Ecosystem services24 0.927 生态系统服务、保育式生物防治
Ecosystem services, conservation biological control#14可持续发展
Sustainable development19 0.93 可持续发展、社会网络分析
Sustainable development, social network analysis#15恢复力
Resilience15 0.902 恢复力、脆弱性
Resilience, vulnerability#17温室气体排放
Greenhouse gas emission11 0.926 温室气体排放、物候学
Greenhouse gas emission, cyclopia phenology以生态农业实践为基础的科学研究
Scientific studies on the basis of ecological agriculture practice#0土壤有机质
Soil organic matter34 0.848 土壤有机质、农业生态准则
Soil organic matter, agroecological principles#4农业集约化
Agricultural intensification28 0.868 农业集约化、可持续栽培
Agricultural intensification, sustainable cultivation#5 生物防治
Biological control28 0.922 生物防治、保育式生物防治
Biological control, conservation biological control#7生产体系
Production system28 0.951 生产体系、参与式方法
Production system, participatory approaches#10杂草区系
Weed flora24 0.947 杂草区系、耕地面积
Weed flora, arable fields#12杂草综合管理
Integrated weed management24 0.871 杂草综合管理、矿质养分
Integrated weed management, mineral nutrition#13植物功能性状
Plant functional trait23 0.802 植物功能性状、土壤肥力
Plant functional trait, soil fertility#16畜禽
Livestock13 0.892 畜禽、碳迁移
Livestock, carbon migration#18 植物群落学
Plant sociology6 0.983 植物群落学、草地多功能化
Phytocoenology, grassland multi-functionality关于生态农业社会运动与社会影响的
研究
Studies on social movement of ecological agriculture and its social influence#1社会运动
Social movements33 0.922 社会运动、可持续性转型
Social movements, sustainability transitions#2粮食安全
Food security31 0.829 粮食安全、可持续集约化
Food security, sustainable intensification#3厄瓜多尔
Ecuador31 0.909 厄瓜多尔、膳食多样性
Ecuador, dietary diversity#6食物主权
Food sovereignty28 0.952 食物主权、拉丁美洲
Food sovereignty, Latin America受篇幅限制, 表1仅展示部分特征词。Table 1 only shows part of keywords due to space limitations. 
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表 2 2012—2021年国际农业生态学研究突现关键词
Table 2. Burst words of international studies on agroecology from 2012 to 2021
关键词 Keyword 突现强度 Strength 持续时间 Duration 2012—2021 生物多样性保护 Biodiversity conservation 7.05 2012—2016 ▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ 景观 Landscape 3.71 2012—2016 ▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ 适应性管理 Adaptive management 4.18 2013—2016 ▂▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ 土地改革 Agrarian reform 3.86 2013—2015 ▂▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ 植被 Vegetation 3.50 2013—2016 ▂▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ 种植体系 Cropping system 4.94 2014—2017 ▂▂▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂ 农业体系 Farming system 5.07 2015—2016 ▂▂▂▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ 生产方式 Production system 4.62 2015—2016 ▂▂▂▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ 作物多样性 Crop diversity 4.01 2015—2017 ▂▂▂▃▃▃▂▂▂▂ 土地耕翻方法 Tillage 3.78 2015—2018 ▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▂▂▂ 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter 4.49 2017—2018 ▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▂▂▂ 美国 United states 4.22 2017—2017 ▂▂▂▂▂▃▂▂▂▂ 碳 Carbon 5.09 2018—2018 ▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▂▂▂ 农民 Peasant 4.13 2018—2019 ▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▂▂ 社会运动 Social movement 3.64 2018—2019 ▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▂▂ 安全 Security 3.49 2018—2019 ▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▂▂ 植物多样性 Plant diversity 3.44 2018—2018 ▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▂▂▂ 教育 Education 4.30 2019—2019 ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▂▂ 杀虫剂 Pesticide 3.41 2019—2021 ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ 建设 Construction 3.63 2020—2021 ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃
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表 3 2012—2021年国际农业生态学研究高被引文献
Table 3. Highly cited references of international studies on agroecology from 2012 to 2021
频次
Local citation count第一作者
First author期刊
Journal年份
Year题目
Title73 CACHO M M Y G Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 2018 Bringing agroecology to scale: key drivers and emblematic cases 69 GIRALDO O F The Journal of Peasant Studies 2018 Agroecology as a territory in dispute: between institutionality and social movements 58 DURU M Agronomy and Sustainable Development 2015 Designing agroecological transitions. A review 57 ALTIERI M A Agronomy and Sustainable Development 2015 Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems 56 MÉNDEZ V E Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 2013 Agroecology as a transdisciplinary, participatory, and action-oriented approach 54 ROSSET P M Practical Action Publishing 2017 Agroecology: science and politics 51 ALTIERI M A The Journal of Peasant Studies 2011 The agroecological revolution in Latin America: rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants
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表 4 2012—2021年国际农业生态学研究突现文献
Table 4. References with subsequent citation burst of international studies on agroecology from 2012 to 2021
序号
Rank第一作者(突现年份)
First author (burst year)频次
Local citation count题目
Title突现值
Strength持续时间
Duration2012—2021 1 WEZEL A
(2009)37 Agroecology as a science, a movement and a practice. A review 20.52 2012—2014 
2 ALTIERI M A
(2011)51 The agroecological revolution in Latin America: Rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants 20.48 2012—2016 
3 MÉNDEZ V E
(2013)56 Agroecology as a transdisciplinary,
participatory, and action-oriented approach16.24 2016—2018 
4 TOMICH T P
(2011)36 Agroecology: A review from a global-change perspective 14.80 2013—2016 
5 ROSSET P M
(2012)38 Rural social movements and agroecology: Context, theory, and process 13.97 2014—2017 
6 DURU M
(2015)58 Designing agroecological transitions. A review 12.45 2017—2021 
7 TSCHARNTKE T
(2012)36 Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification 12.01 2013—2017 
最右列空白处表示所对应年份该文献还未发表。The blanks in the right column indicate the mentioned reference has not been published at that time.
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