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玉米行向配置对带状套作大豆光合特性、叶片结构及产量的影响

宁自力 王贝贝 谭先明 滕一鸣 杨文钰 杨峰

宁自力, 王贝贝, 谭先明, 滕一鸣, 杨文钰, 杨峰. 玉米行向配置对带状套作大豆光合特性、叶片结构及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−15 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220906
引用本文: 宁自力, 王贝贝, 谭先明, 滕一鸣, 杨文钰, 杨峰. 玉米行向配置对带状套作大豆光合特性、叶片结构及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−15 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220906
NING Z L, WANG B B, TAN X M, TENG Y M, YANG W Y, YANG F. Effect of maize row orientation configurations on the photosynthetic characteristics、leaf structure and yield of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−15 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220906
Citation: NING Z L, WANG B B, TAN X M, TENG Y M, YANG W Y, YANG F. Effect of maize row orientation configurations on the photosynthetic characteristics、leaf structure and yield of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−15 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220906

玉米行向配置对带状套作大豆光合特性、叶片结构及产量的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220906
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(32071963)和创新性实验计划项目(202110626061)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    宁自力, 主要研究方向为作物栽培学与耕作学。E-mail: 1287542267@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    杨峰, 主要研究方向为玉米-大豆带状复合种植下作物生理生态响应机制研究。E-mail: f.yang@sicau.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: S5-33

Effect of maize row orientation configurations on the photosynthetic characteristics、leaf structure and yield of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071963) and National University Student Innovation Program (202110626061).
More Information
  • 摘要: 玉米−大豆带状复合种植技术具有提高土地利用率, 扩大大豆生产面积, 提高大豆产量的作用, 而田间配置直接影响大豆生长发育和产量形成。本研究通过分析玉米−大豆带状套作模式行向配置对大豆形态、光合生理参数及产量的影响, 确定南方区域玉米−大豆带状套作模式的最优行向。试验采用单因素随机区组设计, 玉米大豆行比为2∶2, 带宽2 m, 设置6个处理: 玉米西北-东南行向净作(CKm)、大豆西北-东南行向净作(CKs)和4种行向的玉米−大豆带状套作[东-西(A1)、南-北(A2)、西北-东南(A3)、东北-西南(A4)], 分析套作大豆光环境、株高、叶面积指数、光合色素、光合参数、叶片结构特性、粒叶比及产量等对复合种植系统行向的响应。结果表明, 东-西行向和西北-东南行向处理的大豆前期受荫蔽程度显著低于南-北行向和东北-西南行向处理(P<0.05); 东-西行向种植, 套作大豆受光量最大。与大豆净作处理相比, 带状套作各处理大豆叶面积指数(LAI)、地上部生物量、光合色素含量、净光合速率、叶片生产能力、叶片厚度、气孔密度显著降低, 整体趋势为东-西行向>西北-东南行向>南-北行向>东北-西南行向处理。东-西行向处理各生育时期大豆叶片LAI、地上部生物量、光合色素含量、净光合速率以及大豆叶片厚度、气孔密度、气孔长度和气孔开度均显著高于其他带状套作处理。在产量和效益方面, 东-西行向处理的大豆产量和整株粒叶比、1-5节位粒叶比及3-4节位粒叶比分别为1932.66 kg∙hm−2和952.67、498.50及207.59 g∙m−2, 高于其他带状套作处理(P<0.05)。与玉米净作处理相比, 南-北行向、西北-东南行向和东北-西南行向处理玉米实际产量显著降低, 而东-西行向处理玉米产量增加了1.67%。东-西行向处理下玉米产量贡献率最高(79.44%), 土地当量比为1.66。在中国南方地区, 东-西行向种植能显著发挥玉米−大豆套作复合种植模式的优势。
  • 图  2  PAR的测量位点示意图

    垂直高度测定位点(A、B、C、D)依据玉米高度测定。The vertical height measurement sites (A, B, C, D) are determined according to the height of the maize.

    Figure  2.  The diagrammatic map for measuring the PAR

    图  3  不同行向处理对与玉米带状套作的大豆的光分布影响

    图中横坐标为套作大豆水平方向宽行距离, 纵坐标为套作大豆垂直方向玉米株高, 所有测定均为光空间分布; 纵坐标以40 cm为起点, 其为平行于大豆冠层的玉米高度。CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。The abscissa in the figure is the horizontal width of the intercropping soybeans, and the ordinate is the maize plant height in the vertical direction. The ordinate starts at 40 cm, which is the height of the maize parallel to the soybean canopy. CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west bound maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping.

    Figure  3.  Effect of different row orientation treatments on the light distribution of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    图  4  不同行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆形态特征的影响

    CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。V5为大豆第5片复叶展开期、R1为大豆始花期、R5为大豆始粒期。不同处理不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west bound maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. V5 is the fifth trifoliolate stage of soybean, R1 is the beginning bloom stage of soybean, and R5 is the beginning seed stage of soybean. Different lowercase letters in the same light environment represent significant differences (P<0.05).

    Figure  4.  Effect of row orientation treatments on morphological characteristics of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    图  5  不同行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆光合参数的影响

    CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。V5为大豆第5片复叶展开期、R1为大豆始花期、R5为大豆始粒期。不同处理不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west bound maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. V5 is the fifth trifoliolate stage of soybean, R1 is the beginning bloom stage of soybean, and R5 is the beginning seed stage of soybean. Different lowercase letters in the same light environment represent significant differences (P<0.05).

    Figure  5.  Effect of different row orientation treatments on photosynthetic parameters of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    图  6  不同行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆的叶片气孔的影响

    图A-E为V5期CKs、A1、A2、A3、A4处理; 图a-e为R1期CKs、A1、A2、A3、A4处理。CKs、A1、A2、A3、A4分别为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。V5为大豆第5片复叶展开期, R5为大豆始粒期。Fig. A-E show treatments of CKs, A1, A2, A3, A4 at V5 stage; fig. a-e show treatments of CKs, A1, A2, A3, A4 at R1 stage. Treatment CKs, A1, A2, A3, and A4 are net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, east-west bound maize and soybean intercropping, south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. V5 is the fifth trifoliolate stage of soybean, and R1 is the beginning bloom stage of soybean.

    Figure  6.  Effect of different row orientation treatments on stomatal parameters of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    图  7  不同行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆叶片的解剖结构的影响

    图A-E为V5期CKs、A1、A2、A3、A4处理; 图a-e为R1期CKs、A1、A2、A3、A4处理。CKs、A1、A2、A3、A4分别为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。V5为大豆第5片复叶展开期, R5为大豆始粒期。Fig. A-E show treatments of CKs, A1, A2, A3, A4 at V5 stage; fig. a-e show treatments of CKs, A1, A2, A3, A4 at R1 stage. Treatment CKs, A1, A2, A3, and A4 are net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, east-west maize and soybean intercropping, south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. V5 is the fifth trifoliolate stage of soybean, and R1 is the beginning bloom stage of soybean.

    Figure  7.  Effect of different row orientation treatments on the anatomical structure of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    图  8  不同行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆的主茎节位叶面积及粒重影响

    CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping.

    Figure  8.  Effect of different row orientation treatments on nodal leaf area and grain weight of the main stem of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    图  9  不同行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆的生产能力影响

    CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。不同处理不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. Different lowercase letters in the same light environment represent significant differences (P<0.05).

    Figure  9.  Effect of different row orientation treatments on leaf productivity of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    图  1  田间配置图

    Figure  1.  Field configuration diagram

    表  1  不同行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆光合色素含量的影响

    Table  1.   Effects of row orientation on the photosynthetic pigment content of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    时期
    Growth stage
    处理
    Treatment
    叶绿素a
    Chlorophyll a
    (mg∙dm−2)
    叶绿素b
    Chlorophyll b
    (mg∙dm−2)
    类胡萝卜素
    Carotenoids
    (mg∙dm−2)
    叶绿素总含量
    Chlorophyll content
    (mg∙dm−2)
    光合色素总含量
    photosynthetic pigment content
    (mg∙dm−2)
    叶绿素a/b
    Chlorophyll a/
    Chlorophyll b
    V5CKs2.65±0.20a0.96±0.06a0.45±0.02a3.61±0.27a4.05±0.28a2.76±0.03a
    A12.48±0.08ab0.95±0.04a0.34±0.03b3.43±0.09ab3.77±0.10ab2.61±0.13ab
    A22.11±0.20cd0.84±0.06bc0.29±0.06bc2.95±0.25cd3.24±0.30cd2.52±0.15b
    A32.29±0.12bc0.88±0.05ab0.32±0.03b3.17±0.17bc3.49±0.19bc2.61±0.07ab
    A41.95±0.10d0.77±0.03c0.23±0.02c2.72±0.14d2.96±0.16d2.54±0.05b
    R1CKs3.07±0.61a1.18±0.13a0.51±0.12a4.03±0.22a4.54±0.22a2.69±0.19a
    A12.92±0.05a1.15±0.08ab0.48±0.02a4.01±0.05a4.49±0.07a2.55±0.19a
    A22.73±0.36a1.08±0.10ab0.44±0.07a3.76±0.21ab4.20±0.15ab2.53±0.12a
    A32.88±0.19a1.09±0.00ab0.45±0.03a3.81±0.46ab4.25±0.43ab2.64±0.19a
    A42.50±0.21a0.97±0.10b0.37±0.05a3.48±0.29b3.84±0.33b2.58±0.20a
    R5CKs3.89±0.32a1.49±0.08a0.99±0.13a5.13±0.43a6.12±0.51a2.62±0.23b
    A13.85±0.42a1.24±0.11b0.82±0.05b5.06±0.53a5.88±0.53a3.14±0.54a
    A23.71±0.48ab1.17±0.13bc0.75±0.11bc4.88±0.61ab5.61±0.82ab3.16±0.08a
    A33.71±0.22ab1.21±0.12b0.79±0.06b4.92±0.24ab5.71±0.25a3.09±0.38a
    A43.17±0.37b1.02±0.13c0.64±0.10c4.19±0.50b4.84±0.59ab3.11±0.08a
      CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。V5为大豆第5片复叶展开期、R1为大豆始花期、R5为大豆始粒期。不同处理不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west bound maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. V5 is the fifth trifoliolate stage of soybean, R1 is the beginning bloom stage of soybean, and R5 is the beginning seed stage of soybean. Different lowercase letters in the same light environment represent significant differences (P<0.05).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆叶片气孔参数的影响

    Table  2.   Effects of row orientation on the stomatal parameters of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize

    时期
    Growth stage
    处理
    Treatment
    气孔长度
    Stomata length
    (μm)
    气孔宽度
    Stomata width
    (μm)
    气孔开度
    Stomata aperture
    (μm)
    气孔周长
    Stomata circumference
    (μm)
    气孔面积
    Stomata area (μm2)
    气孔密度
    Stomata density
    (stomates∙mm−2)
    V5CKs35.56±2.26a23.67±1.34a4.16±0.47a90.29±6.43a43.43±1.77a493.23±6.28a
    A135.44±1.25ab21.88±1.22b3.32±0.72b79.17±5.69b40.96±2.45b482.90±5.80b
    A233.21±1.46c23.02±1.00ab2.89±0.64b82.34±5.87b42.48±1.79b470.89±7.06c
    A333.53±2.55bc22.10±2.16b2.89±0.77b81.52±3.97b41.53±0.80ab481.91±6.34b
    A433.06±2.72c23.55±1.33a2.72±0.66b91.44±5.27a42.58±1.78ab466.91±5.41c
    R1CKs31.28±1.81a23.45±2.31a3.61±0.39a95.18±5.36a38.93±1.74a510.28±11.75a
    A130.43±3.35ab15.56±7.30c2.48±0.31b90.69±4.18bc33.61±2.00b503.71±25.81ab
    A228.01±1.68cd21.29±0.75ab2.03±0.44c91.32±2.83bc35.03±1.48b481.88±12.50cd
    A328.84±1.54bc19.63±1.64b2.19±0.59bc88.23±1.54c33.73±1.61b494.71±9.25bc
    A426.66±2.20d21.85±0.93an1.95±0.54c93.28±2.27ab38.42±1.46a477.82±15.84d
      CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。V5为大豆第5片复叶展开期、R1为大豆始花期。不同处理不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. V5 is the fifth trifoliolate stage of soybean, and R1 is the beginning bloom stage of soybean. Different lowercase letters in the same light environment represent significant differences (P<0.05).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  行向对与玉米带状套作的大豆叶片的解剖结构的影响

    Table  3.   Effects of row orientation on the anatomical structure of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems of soybean-maize (μm)

    时期
    Growth stage
    处理
    Treatment
    叶片厚度
    Leaf thickness
    上表皮厚度
    Upper epidermis
    下表皮厚度
    Lower epidermis
    栅栏组织厚度
    Palisade tissue
    海绵组织厚度
    Sponge tissue
    V5CKs138.84±2.87a12.15±1.32a11.64±1.20a59.25±5.53a32.34±5.00a
    A1132.70±4.71b10.23±0.85b10.21±2.91b54.13±2.62b29.23±3.24b
    A2123.86±4.16c8.86±1.28b8.45±1.55cd44.09±3.15c25.93±2.19c
    A3124.18±5.18c10.07±2.73b8.86±1.66bc46.98±3.17c26.71±3.17bc
    A4123.13±6.31c7.37±2.10c7.16±0.67d39.29±4.04d25.69±2.45c
    R1CKs173.49±5.44a15.93±1.44a13.75±2.32a68.62±3.85a33.51±4.30a
    A1133.31±5.79b12.05±1.63b13.03±1.79ab57.47±3.38b30.83±1.90b
    A2129.75±4.71bc10.57±1.24cd10.09±1.63cd50.68±3.64c26.36±1.89c
    A3130.93±6.80b10.76±1.28c11.45±2.31bc51.02±4.16c27.84±1.46c
    A4126.15±4.36c9.55±1.28d8.63±2.38d50.40±2.54c25.95±3.78c
      CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。V5为大豆第5片复叶展开期、R1为大豆始花期。不同处理不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. V5 is the fifth trifoliolate stage of soybean, and R1 is the beginning bloom stage of soybean. Different lowercase letters in the same light environment represent significant differences (P<0.05).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  行向对套作大豆产量构成因素和产量的影响

    Table  4.   Influence of row orientation on yield components and yield of intercropping soybean

    行向
    Row orientation
    单株荚数
    Pods per plant
    单株粒数
    Grains per plant
    单株产量
    Yield per plant (g)
    百粒重
    Hundred grain weight (g)
    实际产量
    Actual yield (kg hm−2)
    CKs167.57±7.04a256.14±7.69a63.45±3.19a19.66±0.32a3013.42±260.08a
    A1119.71±11.61b178.14±3.76b26.77±0.64b17.91±0.19b1932.66±7.35b
    A2102.14±7.97c163.71±2.81c25.76±1.26b17.64±0.15cd1846.08±39.65b
    A3104.43±5.68c168.43±4.43c26.20±1.18b17.72±0.06bc1861.06±29.81b
    A4101.00±10.61c157.57±6.29d25.48±0.84b17.44±0.15d1818.82±31.52b
      CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。不同处理不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. Different lowercase letters in the same light environment represent significant differences (P<0.05).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  行向对玉米产量构成因素和产量的影响

    Table  5.   Influence of row orientation on yield components and yield of maize

    行向
    Row orientation
    穗长
    Ear length
    (cm)
    秃尖
    The length of the
    ear barren (cm)
    穗粗
    Ear diameter
    (cm)
    穗粒重
    Grain weight
    (g)
    千粒重
    Thousand grain
    weight (g)
    实际产量
    Actual yield
    (kg hm−2)
    CKm15.10±2.78a1.30±0.79b49.81±4.63a145.95±15.55a291.97±0.06d7345.19±236.41a
    A114.93±1.96a2.32±0.56a49.50±2.74b144.85±35.68a349.56±0.31a7467.76±222.41a
    A214.76±1.93a2.21±0.65a48.70±2.22b130.94±20.94a329.32±0.17b6645.92±401.66b
    A314.84±1.27a2.24±0.74a49.07±1.81b140.38±29.91a329.78±0.16c7183.86±184.90ab
    A413.51±1.64a1.80±0.73a48.18±1.57b106.56±20.98b294.57±0.15d5418.41±424.44c
      CKs为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。不同处理不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。CKs is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping, A1 is east-west maize and soybean intercropping, A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping, A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping. Different lowercase letters in the same light environment represent significant differences (P<0.05).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  行向对系统产量及土地当量比的影响

    Table  6.   Influence of row orientation on yield and land equivalent ratio

    处理
    Treatment
    产量
    Yield (kg∙hm−2)
    产量贡献率
    The contribution rate to yield (%)
    土地当量比
    LER
    玉米
    Maize
    大豆
    Soybean
    玉米
    Maize
    大豆
    Soybean
    A17467.761932.6679.4420.561.66
    A26645.921846.0878.2621.741.52
    A37183.861861.0679.4220.581.60
    A45418.411817.8274.8825.121.34
    SM7345.19-100.000.001.00
    SS-3013.420.00100.001.00
      SS为净作大豆西北-东南行向处理、SM为净作玉米西北-东南行向处理、A1为东-西行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A2为南-北行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A3为西北-东南行向玉米与大豆套作处理、A4为东北-西南行向玉米与大豆套作处理。SS is net soybean northwest-southeast bound intercropping; SM is net maize northwest-southeast bound intercropping; A1 is east-west maize and soybean intercropping; A2 is south-north-direction bound maize and soybean intercropping; A3 is northwest-southeast bound maize and soybean intercropping, and A4 is northeast-southwest bound maize and soybean intercropping.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-11-18
  • 录用日期:  2023-03-14
  • 修回日期:  2023-03-14
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-03-17

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