刘涵, 昝志曼, 汪江涛, 孙增光, 陈俊南, 姜文洋, 尹飞, 刘领, 焦念元, 付国占. 大穗型玉米对玉米||花生种间竞争与间作优势的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(9): 1368−1378. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220929
引用本文: 刘涵, 昝志曼, 汪江涛, 孙增光, 陈俊南, 姜文洋, 尹飞, 刘领, 焦念元, 付国占. 大穗型玉米对玉米||花生种间竞争与间作优势的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(9): 1368−1378. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220929
LIU H, ZAN Z M, WANG J T, SUN Z G, CHEN J N, JIANG W Y, YIN F, LIU L, JIAO N Y, FU G Z. Effects of large-spike type maize on interspecific competition and intercropping advantage in maize–peanut intercropping system[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(9): 1368−1378. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220929
Citation: LIU H, ZAN Z M, WANG J T, SUN Z G, CHEN J N, JIANG W Y, YIN F, LIU L, JIAO N Y, FU G Z. Effects of large-spike type maize on interspecific competition and intercropping advantage in maize–peanut intercropping system[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(9): 1368−1378. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220929

大穗型玉米对玉米||花生种间竞争与间作优势的影响

Effects of large-spike type maize on interspecific competition and intercropping advantage in maize–peanut intercropping system

  • 摘要: 玉米||花生具有明显间作产量优势, 但间作后期种间竞争是限制其进一步高产的瓶颈, 探明大穗型玉米对玉米||花生种间竞争的协调效应和间作优势的影响, 对其高产、高效生产意义重大。本试验于2020年和2021年在河南科技大学农场开展, 以中穗型玉米品种‘郑单958’与花生品种‘科大黑花001’间作(MZD||P)为对照, 研究了大穗型玉米品种‘MC4520’与花生间作(MMC||P)对作物干物质积累与分配、叶面积指数、种间竞争力指数、光合特性、产量和间作产量优势的影响。结果表明: 与MZD||P相比, MMC||P收获期玉米、花生单株干物质重分别显著提高7.55%~9.68%和16.07%~26.77% (P<0.05), 玉米籽粒和花生荚果干物质积累量分别显著提高9.74%~10.84%和34.56%~38.33% (P<0.05); 促进了干物质向玉米籽粒和花生荚果的分配, 尤其是花生荚果中的分配比例显著提高9.12%~15.93% (P<0.05)。与MZD||P相比, MMC||P中花生叶面积指数提高5.78%~29.58%, 花生相对玉米的种间竞争力指数显著提高24.44%~65.12% (P<0.05), MMC||P中玉米、花生净光合速率分别显著提高8.18%~15.74%和3.15%~18.05% (P<0.05), 且玉米和花生的气孔导度和蒸腾速率均提高, 花生的胞间CO2浓度降低。与MZD||P相比, MMC||P中花生产量显著提高26.39%~51.61% (P<0.05), 间作优势和土地当量比显著提高22.21%~24.08%和13.26%~15.27% (P<0.05)。综上, 在玉米||花生体系中, 选用大穗型玉米与花生间作, 能够有效协调间作后期种间竞争, 增强花生的种间竞争能力, 提高花生产量, 从而提高间作体系产量和土地当量比, 进一步增加间作优势。

     

    Abstract: Maize–peanut intercropping (maize||peanut) has a significant advantage in terms of yield. However, interspecific competition between maize and peanut in the later period of coexistence limits further yields increasing. Investigating the coordination effects of large-spike maize on interspecific competition and intercropping advantages in maize||peanut systems can provide a theoretical basis for high yield and efficiency. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Henan University of Science and Technology from 2020 to 2021, with medium-spik maize cultivar ‘Zhengdan 958’ intercropping with peanut (MZD||P) as the control. The effects of large-spike maize cultivar ‘MC4520’ intercropping with peanut (MMC||P) on crop dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index, interspecific competitiveness index, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and intercropping advantages were studied in a two-year field experiment. The results showed that compared with MZD||P, MMC||P significantly increased the dry matter weight per plant of maize and peanut by 7.55%–9.68% and 16.07%–26.77% (P<0.05), respectively. MMC||P improved dry matter accumulation of maize grains and peanut pods at the harvest stage, which was significantly increased by 9.74%–10.84% and 34.56%–38.33% (P<0.05), respectively. MMC||P promoted the distribution of dry matter to maize grain and peanut pod, in particular for peanut, significantly increased by 9.12%–15.93%. MMC||P increased the leaf area index of peanuts by 5.78%–29.58%, and the interspecific competitiveness index of peanuts relative to maize by 24.44%–65.12% (P<0.05). MMC||P significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of maize and peanut by 8.18%–15.74% and 3.15%–18.05% (P<0.05), respectively. In addition, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of maize and peanuts increased, whereas the intercellular CO2 concentration of peanuts decreased. The yield of peanuts in MMC||P significantly increased by 26.39%–51.61%, and the intercropping advantage and land equivalent ratio improved by 22.21%–24.08% and 13.26%–15.27%, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, in maize||peanut systems, large-spike type maize intercropping with peanuts can effectively coordinate interspecific competition at a later period of coexistence, which enhances the interspecific competitiveness of peanuts and improves the yield of peanuts, thus improving the yield and land equivalent ratio of intercropping systems and further enhancing the intercropping advantages.

     

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