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污泥热碱液对小青菜产量及氮转化酶活性的影响

王永亮 吴晨瑞 薛晓蓉 孙晋鑫 刘晓林 杨治平 张强 白炬

王永亮, 吴晨瑞, 薛晓蓉, 孙晋鑫, 刘晓林, 杨治平, 张强, 白炬. 污泥热碱液对小青菜产量及氮转化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(11): 1768−1779 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230028
引用本文: 王永亮, 吴晨瑞, 薛晓蓉, 孙晋鑫, 刘晓林, 杨治平, 张强, 白炬. 污泥热碱液对小青菜产量及氮转化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(11): 1768−1779 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230028
WANG Y L, WU C R, XUE X R, SUN J X, LIU X L, YANG Z P, ZHANG Q, BAI J. Effects of flushing alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid to promote Brassica chinensis yield and nitrogen invertase activity mechanistic research[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(11): 1768−1779 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230028
Citation: WANG Y L, WU C R, XUE X R, SUN J X, LIU X L, YANG Z P, ZHANG Q, BAI J. Effects of flushing alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid to promote Brassica chinensis yield and nitrogen invertase activity mechanistic research[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(11): 1768−1779 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230028

污泥热碱液对小青菜产量及氮转化酶活性的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230028
基金项目: 山西省科技重大专项计划项目(202201140601028)、山西省重点研发计划项目(202202140601010)和山西农业大学校企合作项目(2023HX006)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王永亮, 主要研究方向为新型肥料研发与作物氮循环, E-mail: wangyongliang@sxau.edu.cn

    吴晨瑞, 主要从事植物营养和土壤互作与调控研究, E-mail: wcr13935452620@163.com

    通讯作者:

    白炬, 主要研究方向为作物养分管理及新型肥料应用。E-mail: baiju@sxau.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: S-3

Effects of flushing alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid to promote Brassica chinensis yield and nitrogen invertase activity mechanistic research

Funds: This study was supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Shanxi Province (202201140601028), the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province (202202140601010), and Enterprise Cooperation Project of Shanxi Agricultural University (2023HX006).
More Information
  • 摘要: 污泥通过碱性热水解工艺(ATH)提取的富含多肽、蛋白质类液体(污泥热碱液)已被证实无毒性且可运用于农业生产中, 并显著促进作物生长。为探究污泥热碱液对小青菜氮素吸收及氮代谢调控机制的影响, 本试验以小青菜为研究对象, 采用盆栽试验, 以不施氮肥为对照, 研究5个污泥热碱液处理土壤中分别施入0 mg·kg−1、20.19 mg·kg−1、40.38 mg·kg−1、60.57 mg·kg−1、80.76 mg·kg−1污泥热碱液, 探讨小青菜植株氮素吸收、氮代谢关键酶活性等的变化。结果表明, 随着施用量的增加, 各指标均呈先升高后下降的趋势, 当施用量为40.38 mg·kg−1时, 小青菜收获后氮素累积量、产量和品质等达较高水平, 硝酸盐含量最低。通过对小青菜氮素吸收量及产量进行拟合, 得出121.48~127.59 kg·hm−2为该污泥热碱液对小青菜的最佳施用量。施用量为40.38 mg·kg−1时, 小青菜中硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)均保持较高的活性, 在小青菜定苗后第2周、第4周和第6周与其他处理相比, NR活性增加56.56%~183.43%、16.55%~150.36%和7.86%~293.25%, NiR活性增加24.70%~348.17%、1.06%~71.24%和7.62%~286.59%, GDH活性增加9.91%~149.21%、37.52%~308.35%和16.08%~123.12%, GS活性增加4.13%~17.82%、5.23%~122.27%和9.91%~121.21%, GOGAT活性增加31.31%~288.16%、9.63%~351.69%和28.45%~1274.32%。冗余分析表明小青菜中GOGAT是决定产量、氮素利用率、氮素吸收率的主要因素, 与产量呈显著正相关。施用适量的污泥热碱液会提高小青菜氮素相关转化酶活性, 促进对氮素吸收及产量的增加。热碱液可作为新型肥料施用, 不仅可以解决污泥资源化问题, 还可以提高小青菜产量及养分吸收。
  • 图  1  不同热碱液施用量对各时期小青菜氮素累积量(A)、干生物量(B)的影响

    图中竖杠为LSD值, P<0.05。CK为不施氮肥对照, T1、T2、T3、T4和T5分别为施氮肥基础上施用热碱液0 mg·kg−1、20.19 mg·kg−1、40.38 mg·kg−1、60.57 mg·kg−1和80.76 mg·kg−1。The upper vertical bar is the LSD value (P<0.05). CK is the control without nitrogen ferilizer. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are treatments of applicaiton of alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid of 0 mg·kg−1, 20.19 mg·kg−1, 40.38 mg·kg−1, 60.57 mg·kg−1 and 80.76 mg·kg−1 based on nitrogen application, respectively.

    Figure  1.  Effects of different alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid treatments on nitrogen accumulation (A) and dry biomass (B) of Brassica chinensis in different periods

    图  2  不同热碱液施用量对小青菜氮素累积量、产量影响二次项拟合(A, B)和线性加平台拟合(C, D)

    Figure  2.  Quadratic term fitting (A, B) and linear plus platform fitting (C, D) of effects of application rates of alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid on nitrogen accumulation and yield of Brassica chinensis

    图  3  不同热碱液施用量处理对各时期小青菜硝酸还原酶(NR) (A)与亚硝酸还原酶(NiR) (B)活性的影响

    不同小写字母表示处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。CK为不施氮肥对照, T1、T2、T3、T4和T5分别为施氮肥基础上施用热碱液0 mg·kg−1、20.19 mg·kg−1、40.38 mg·kg−1、60.57 mg·kg−1和80.76 mg·kg−1。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level. CK is the control without nitrogen ferilizer. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are applicaiton of alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid of 0 mg·kg−1, 20.19 mg·kg−1, 40.38 mg·kg−1, 60.57 mg·kg−1 and 80.76 mg·kg−1 based on nitrogen application, respectively.

    Figure  3.  Nitrate reductase (NR) (A) and nitrite reductase (NiR) (B) activities in Brassica chinensis at different growth stages under different alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid treatments

    图  4  不同热碱液施用量处理中各时期小青菜中谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)(A)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)(B)活性

    不同小写字母表示处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。CK为不施氮肥对照, T1、T2、T3、T4和T5分别为施氮肥基础上施用热碱液0 mg·kg−1、20.19 mg·kg−1、40.38 mg·kg−1、60.57 mg·kg−1和80.76 mg·kg−1。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level. CK is the control without nitrogen ferilizer. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are applicaiton of alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid of 0 mg·kg−1, 20.19 mg·kg−1, 40.38 mg·kg−1, 60.57 mg·kg−1 and 80.76 mg·kg−1 based on nitrogen application, respectively.

    Figure  4.  Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, A), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthase (GS) (B) activities in Brassica chinensis at different stages under different alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid flush treatments

    图  5  不同时期(A: 第2周; B: 第4周; C: 第6周)不同处理下氮素相关酶与产量、氮素吸收率、氮素利用率的冗余分析(RDA)

    CK为不施氮肥对照, T1、T2、T3、T4和T5分别为施氮肥基础上施用热碱液0 mg·kg−1、20.19 mg·kg−1、40.38 mg·kg−1、60.57 mg·kg−1和80.76 mg·kg−1。Yield: 产量; NUPE: 氮素吸收率; NUE: 氮素利用率; NR: 硝酸还原酶; NiR: 亚硝酸还原酶; GDH: 谷氨酸脱氢酶; GOGAT: 谷氨酸合成酶; GS: 谷氨酰胺合成酶。CK is the control without nitrogen ferilizer. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are applicaiton of alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid of 0 mg·kg−1, 20.19 mg·kg−1, 40.38 mg·kg−1, 60.57 mg·kg−1 and 80.76 mg·kg−1 based on nitrogen application, respectively. NUPE: nitrogen absorption efficiency; NUE: nitrogen use efficiency; NR: nitrate reductase; NiR: nitrite reductase; GDH: glutamate dehydrogenase; GOGAT: glutamate synthase; GS: glutamine synthase.

    Figure  5.  Redundancy analysis (RDA) of relationship at different periods (A: the second week; B: the fourth week; C: the sixth week) between nitrogen-related enzymes activies to yield, nitrogen uptake, and utilization

    图  6  不同时期氮素相关酶与品质、氮素累积量的相关性分析

    SP: 可溶性蛋白; SS: 可溶性糖; VC: 维生素C; TN: 氮素累积量; Yield: 产量; NR: 硝酸还原酶; NiR: 亚硝酸还原酶; GDH: 谷氨酸脱氢酶; GOGAT: 谷氨酸合成酶; GS: 谷氨酰胺合成酶。SP: soluble protein; SS: soluble sugar; VC: vitamin C; TN: nitrogen accumulation; NR: nitrate reductase; NiR: nitrite reductase; GDH: glutamate dehydrogenase; GOGAT: glutamate synthase; GS: glutamine synthase. *: P≤0.05; **: P≤0.01.

    Figure  6.  Correlation analysis of nitrogen-related enzymes and quality, nitrogen accumulation at different periods

    表  1  热碱液的理化性质

    Table  1.   Physical and chemical properties of alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid

    性质 Property含量 Content性质 Property含量 Content
    有机碳 Organic carbon (g∙L−1)153.49±9.37 Mg (mg∙L−1)25.08±1.19
    腐殖酸 Humus (g∙L−1)8.11±0.08Fe (mg∙L−1)54.41±5.0
    蛋白质 Protein (g∙L−1)63.6±1.9Mn (mg∙L−1)0.27±0.03
    多肽 Polypeptide (g∙L−1)116.7±12.1Cu (mg∙L−1)0.12±0.02
    游离氨基酸 Free amino acids (g∙L−1)54.67±5.21Zn (mg∙L−1)1.64±0.13
    NH4+-N (g∙L−1)1.28±0.13Hg (μg∙L−1)66.23±5.88
    NO3-N (g∙L−1)0.19±0.04As (mg∙L−1)1.78±0.09
    N (g∙L−1)44.08±0.32Cd (μg∙L−1)12.29±3.84
    P (g∙L−1)316.0±18.9Pb (mg∙L−1)3.02±0.12
    K (g∙L−1)8.75±0.05Cr (mg∙L−1)1.81±0.08
    Ca (g∙L−1)55.3±3.7pH10.05±0.08
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同热碱液施用量处理对小青菜氮素吸收利用的影响

    Table  2.   Effects of different alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid treatments on nitrogen absorption, utilization of Brassica chinensis

    处理
    Treatment
    SPAD产量
    Yield (g∙plant−1)
    地上部氮素累积
    Aboveground nitrogen accumulation (mg∙plant−1)
    氮素吸收率
    Nitrogen uptake efficiency (g∙g−1)
    氮素利用率
    Nitrogen use efficiency (%)
    CK22.37±1.13b40.53±2.59d83.59±2.81d
    T140.30±0.53a51.23±1.39c118.46±2.40c 31.59±0.02b 16.67±0.06a
    T240.07±0.87a63.38±2.44b147.15±5.95ab 39.24±0.02a 16.87±0.02a
    T340.83±0.49a69.20±6.49a157.23±3.20a 41.93±0.02a 19.55±0.02a
    T439.37±0.24a68.41±3.92a156.12±1.02ab 41.63±0.02a 19.26±0.02a
    T540.40±0.23a63.12±2.18b138.83±9.68b 37.02±0.03ab 14.65±0.03a
      同列不同字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。CK为不施氮肥对照, T1、T2、T3、T4和T5分别为施氮肥基础上施用热碱液0 mg·kg−1、20.19 mg·kg−1、40.38 mg·kg−1、60.57 mg·kg−1和80.76 mg·kg−1。Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level. CK is the control without nitrogen ferilizer. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are applicaiton of alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid of 0 mg·kg−1, 20.19 mg·kg−1, 40.38 mg·kg−1, 60.57 mg·kg−1 and 80.76 mg·kg−1 based on nitrogen application, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同热碱液施用量处理对小青菜品质的影响

    Table  3.   Effects of different alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid treatments on quality of Brassica chinensis

    处理
    Treatment
    可溶性糖
    Soluble sugar content (mg·g−1)
    可溶性蛋白
    Soluble protein content (mg·g−1)
    维生素C
    Vitamin C content (mg·kg−1)
    硝酸盐
    Nitrate content (mg·kg−1)
    CK4.64±0.50c6.48±0.51c33.18±1.56c74.00±5.03d
    T16.70±0.13ab7.99±0.61b36.04±2.43c962.00±46.35a
    T27.42±0.32a9.18±0.18ab36.82±1.27bc822.00±47.03b
    T38.08±0.26a10.48±0.38a45.90±0.66a668.00±28.75c
    T47.11±0.75a10.19±0.57a45.61±4.83a696.25±67.19c
    T55.20±0.61bc9.02±0.51ab43.56±1.44ab976.75±20.48a
      同列不同字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。CK为不施氮肥对照, T1、T2、T3、T4和T5分别为施氮肥基础上施用热碱液0 mg·kg−1、20.19 mg·kg−1、40.38 mg·kg−1、60.57 mg·kg−1和80.76 mg·kg−1。Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level. CK is the control without nitrogen ferilizer. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are applicaiton of alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid of 0 mg·kg−1, 20.19 mg·kg−1, 40.38 mg·kg−1, 60.57 mg·kg−1 and 80.76 mg·kg−1 based on nitrogen application, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同时期小青菜氮同化相关酶活性与产量、氮素吸收利用的相关性

    Table  4.   Pearson’s correlation analysis of nitrogen-related enzymes activities and yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization at different periods

    氮素同化相关酶
    Nitrogen assimilation-related enzyme
    第2周 The second week第4周 The fourth week第6周 The sixth week
    产量
    Yield
    NUPE
    NUE
    产量
    Yield
    NUPE
    NUE
    产量
    Yield
    NUPE
    NUE
    NR0.3310.482*−0.514*0.007−0.107−0.2410.632**0.746**−0.240
    NiR0.0680.276−0.2140.0130.142−0.1180.3400.304−0.051
    GDH−0.258−0.3070.007−0.297−0.202−0.124−0.609**−0.674**0.192
    GOGAT0.542*0.401−0.1810.2270.493*−0.3670.3540.288−0.161
    GS0.1690.337−0.400−0.354−0.259−0.105−0.463−0.541*0.232
      *表示显著性为P<0.05, **表示显著性为P<0.01; NR: 硝酸还原酶; NiR: 亚硝酸还原酶; GDH: 谷氨酸脱氢酶; GOGAT: 谷氨酸合成酶; GS: 谷氨酰胺合成酶; NUPE: 氮素吸收效率; NUE: 氮素利用率。* and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively. NR: nitrate reductase; NiR: nitrite reductase; GDH: glutamate dehydrogenase; GOGAT: glutamate synthase; GS: glutamine synthase; NUPE: nitrogen absorption efficiency; NUE: nitrogen use efficiency.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同时期氮同化相关的酶活性冗余分析

    Table  5.   Redundancy analysis of enzymes activities related to nitrogen assimilation at different periods

    氮素同化相关酶
    Nitrogen assimilation related enzyme
    第2周 The second week第4周 The fourth week第6周 The sixth week
    Explains (%)FPExplain (%)FPExplain (%)FP
    NR1.70.60.46613.83.60.06438.810.20.01
    NiR2.60.90.3662.20.60.454<0.1<0.10.94
    GDH28.49.90.0148.81.90.16217.86.20.022
    GOGAT28.56.40.01415.63.20.09232.541.70.002
    GS5.11.90.19812.12.20.160.40.50.604
      NR: 硝酸还原酶; NiR: 亚硝酸还原酶; GDH: 谷氨酸脱氢酶; GOGAT: 谷氨酸合成酶; GS: 谷氨酰胺合成酶。NR: nitrate reductase; NiR: nitrite reductase; GDH: glutamate dehydrogenase; GOGAT: glutamate synthase; GS: glutamine synthase.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-01-12
  • 录用日期:  2023-06-23
  • 修回日期:  2023-06-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-07-07
  • 刊出日期:  2023-11-10

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