山区侧向流对滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水补给与硝酸盐动态的影响

孙和平; 王仕琴; 郑文波; 檀康达; 曹文庚; 沈彦俊

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230117

山区侧向流对滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水补给与硝酸盐动态的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230117

孙和平^{1, 2,},
王仕琴^1, ,,
郑文波¹,
檀康达^{1, 2},
曹文庚³,
沈彦俊¹

1.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室　石家庄　050022
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049
3.
中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所　石家庄　050061

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2021YFD1700500)和河北省自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(D2021503001)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
孙和平, 主要研究方向为水文循环与地下水环境。E-mail: sunheping20@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
王仕琴, 主要研究方向为水文循环与地下水环境。E-mail: sqwang@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号: X523
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-07
- 录用日期: 2023-08-05
- 修回日期: 2023-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-10

Influence of lateral recharge in mountainous areas on groundwater recharge and nitrate dynamics in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan

SUN Heping^{1, 2
,},
WANG Shiqin^{1
, ,},
ZHENG Wenbo¹,
TAN Kangda^{1, 2},
CAO Wengeng³,
SHEN Yanjun¹

1.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1700500) and the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (D2021503001).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: sqwang@sjziam.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 山区侧向补给是华北山前平原冲洪积扇含水层重要补给来源, 影响平原区地下水水量和水质动态。近年来受极端气候和人类活动影响, 山区对冲洪积扇平原区地下水的侧向补给机制及其对地下水硝酸盐动态的影响仍不明确。本研究以滹沱河冲洪积扇为研究区, 利用水文观测、水化学和同位素示踪等方法, 估算山区侧向补给通量和硝酸盐输移通量, 揭示山区侧向补给与平原区地下水的补给关系, 分析山区侧向补给对地下水硝酸盐分布的影响。根据水文地质条件, 将采样点划分为4个子区: 滹沱河冲洪积扇北部扇顶(Ⅰ区)、扇中(Ⅱ区)、滹沱河附近扇缘区(Ⅲ区)以及滹沱河冲洪积扇南部区域(Ⅳ区)。地下水硝酸盐动态监测数据表明, 滹沱河北部的山区断面地下水硝酸盐浓度高于南部断面, 平原区北部Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区地下水硝酸盐浓度高于南部Ⅳ区; 且沿地下水流动方向, 地下水硝酸盐浓度均值呈现Ⅰ区(105.28 mg·L⁻¹)>Ⅱ区(99.22 mg·L⁻¹)>Ⅳ区(37.10 mg·L⁻¹)>Ⅲ区(23.08 mg·L⁻¹)的空间分布特征。利用地下水氢氧同位素示踪揭示了山区侧向流对冲洪积扇北部地下水补给影响范围为扇顶和扇中, 而冲洪积扇南部因地下水超采改变地下水流场, 其影响范围主要为扇顶。利用达西定律计算2022年3月至2023年2月山区侧向流对滹沱河冲洪积扇平原区的补给量为2.10×10⁸ m³, 硝酸盐通量为239.56×10⁵ kg, 且北部山区侧向补给的水氮通量大于南部, 这也是影响平原区地下水硝酸盐空间分布的重要原因。山区侧向补给对冲洪积扇平原区地下水量和水质的影响不容忽视, 因此, 实现源头综合治理, 降低山区地下水污染物浓度, 对下游平原区面源污染管理, 防止地下水硝酸盐污染具有重要意义。
- 山区侧向补给 /
- 地下水补给 /
- 硝酸盐 /
- 滹沱河冲洪积扇
Abstract: Lateral recharge in mountainous areas is an important recharge source for the alluvial-pluvial fans in the Piedmont Plain of North China, which affects the dynamics of the quantity and quality of groundwater in plain areas. In recent years, the mechanism of lateral recharge in mountainous areas of groundwater in alluvial-pluvial fans and its influence on the dynamics of nitrate in groundwater in plain areas have remained unknown due to extreme climate and human activities. Through hydrological observation and hydrochemical and isotope tracer methods across the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan, we estimated the lateral recharge flux and nitrate transport flux in mountainous areas, revealed the recharge relationship between lateral recharge in mountainous areas and groundwater in plain areas, and analyzed the influence of lateral recharge in mountainous areas on the distribution of groundwater nitrate in plain areas. The sampling sites were divided into four sub-regions according to their hydrogeological conditions: the northern top part (Zone Ⅰ) and the middle (Zone Ⅱ) of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan, the fan margin area near the Hutuo River (Zone Ⅲ), and the southern part of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan (Zone Ⅳ). The monitoring data of groundwater nitrate dynamics showed that the nitrate concentration of groundwater in the mountainous section of the northern Hutuo River was higher than that in the southern section, and the nitrate concentration of groundwater in Zones Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the northern alluvial-pluvial fan plain was higher than that in Zone Ⅳ. Along the direction of groundwater flow, the mean concentration of groundwater nitrate showed a spatial distribution pattern of Zone Ⅰ (105.28 mg·L⁻¹) > Zone Ⅱ (99.22 mg·L⁻¹) > Zone Ⅳ (37.10 mg·L⁻¹) > Zone Ⅲ (23.08 mg·L⁻¹). The results revealed that the influenced areas by lateral recharge in mountainous areas in the northern part of the alluvial fan were the top and middle of the fan. However, the influenced area in the southern part of the alluvial fan was mainly the top of the fan because the groundwater flow field was changed by overexploitation. Darcy’s law was used to calculate the amount of lateral recharge in the mountainous areas of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan from March 2022 to February 2023. The results showed that amount of lateral recharge was 2.10×10⁸ m³, and the nitrate flux was 239.56×10⁵ kg. Moreover, the water and nitrate fluxes of lateral recharge in the northern mountainous areas were greater than those in the south, which was also an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of groundwater nitrate in the plain area. The impact of lateral recharge in mountainous areas on the quantity and quality of groundwater in the alluvial-pluvial fan cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is of great significance to achieve comprehensive treatment of groundwater sources and reduce the concentration of groundwater pollutants in mountainous areas for non-point source pollution management and groundwater nitrate pollution prevention in the downstream plain area.
- Lateral recharge in mountainous areas /
- Groundwater recharge /
- Nitrate /
- Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan

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图 1 研究区地形地貌及采样点分布

Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别表示滹沱河冲洪积扇北部扇顶、扇中、滹沱河附近扇缘区以及滹沱河冲洪积扇南部区域。Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ represent the northern top, middle parts of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan, the fan margin area near the Hutuo River, and the southern part of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan, respectively.

Figure 1. Geographic location and topography and distribution of sampling sites of the study area

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图 2 2016—2022年栾城站日降水量

Figure 2. Daily precipitation in the Luancheng Station from 2016 to 2022

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图 3 滹沱河冲洪积扇区断面监测孔地下水水位变化(左侧)及地下水硝酸盐浓度变化(右侧)

S1-S5分别代表断面1-5, JC1-JC10代表监测孔1-10。S1-S5 represent section 1-5, respectively; and JC1-JC10 represent monitoring hole 1-10, respectively.

Figure 3. Change of groundwater level (left) and nitrate concentration (right) in the monitoring holes at the sections of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan

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图 4 平原区各分区监测井地下水水位变化^[30]

1#-5#分别表示各个分区的国家监测井。1#-5# represent the national monitoring wells of each subregion.

Figure 4. Change of groundwater level of the national monitoring wells in each subregion of the plain areas of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan^[30]

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图 5 2020年滹沱河冲洪积扇平原区各分区地下水硝酸盐浓度空间分布

Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别表示滹沱河冲洪积扇北部扇顶、扇中、滹沱河附近扇缘区以及滹沱河冲洪积扇南部区域。Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ represent the northern top, middle parts of the alluvial-pluvial fan of the Hutuo River, the fan margin area near the Hutuo River, and the southern part of the alluvial-pluvial fan of the Hutuo River, respectively.

Figure 5. Spatial distribution of nitrate concentration in groundwater in the plain area of each subregion in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan in 2020

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图 6 2022年3月—2023年2月滹沱河冲洪积扇区山区侧向补给量统计图

Figure 6. Statistical map of lateral recharge in mountainous areas of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan from March 2022 to February 2023

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图 7 2022年3月—2023年2月滹沱河冲洪积扇区山区侧向补给输入的硝酸盐通量

Figure 7. Nitrate fluxes from lateral recharge in mountainous areas of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan from March 2022 to February 2023

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图 8 滹沱河冲洪积扇区断面监测孔地下水、各分区[北部Ⅰ~Ⅲ区(a), 南部Ⅳ区(b)]地下水及土壤水δ²H、δ¹⁸O关系图

采用栾城试验站降水同位素数据拟合当地大气降水线(LMWL: δ²H = 6.38 δ¹⁸O−3.84), 土壤水同位素为均值。VSMOW表示维也纳平均海洋水标准, GMWL表示全球大气降水线。The local meteoric water line (LMWL: δ²H = 6.38 δ¹⁸O−3.84) was fitted by the precipitation isotope data of Luancheng Station, and the soil water isotope was the mean value. VSMOW refers to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water, and GMWL refers to the global meteoric water line.

Figure 8. Relationships of δ²H and δ¹⁸O for groundwater in monitoring holes at sections, and groundwater and soil water in each subregion [northern I-Ⅲ (a), southern Ⅳ (b)] of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan

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表 1 2022年3月—2023年2月滹沱河冲洪积扇区山区侧向补给对平原区地下水的补给量

Table 1. Lateral recharge in the mountainous areas of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan from March 2022 to February 2023

×10⁸ m³
断面 Section	侧向补给量 Amount of lateral recharge
	2022										2023		总计 Total
	3月 March	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October	11月 November	12月 December	1月 January	2月 February	总计 Total
1	0.096	0.095	0.100	0.099	0.104	0.101	0.096	0.099	0.095	0.098	0.097	0.087	1.167
2	0.024	0.023	0.024	0.024	0.024	0.024	0.024	0.025	0.024	0.025	0.026	0.023	0.290
3	0.028	0.030	0.031	0.029	0.031	0.029	0.027	0.028	0.028	0.029	0.029	0.026	0.346
4	0.023	0.022	0.023	0.023	0.022	0.023	0.022	0.023	0.023	0.020	0.023	0.022	0.271
5	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.029
总计 Total	0.174	0.172	0.181	0.178	0.183	0.179	0.171	0.177	0.172	0.174	0.178	0.161	2.103

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表 2 2022年3月—2023年2月滹沱河冲洪积扇区山区输入硝酸盐通量

Table 2. Nitrate fluxes from lateral recharge in mountainous areas of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan from March 2022 to February 2023

×10⁵ kg
断面 Section	硝酸盐通量 Nitrate flux
	2022										2023		总计 Total
	3月 March	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October	11月 November	12月 December	1月 January	2月 February	总计 Total
1	4.99	4.47	4.79	5.03	4.01	4.53	4.38	4.67	3.77	3.34	3.44	2.72	50.13
2	11.03	11.55	12.32	10.37	4.65	10.39	11.53	11.38	10.57	10.42	10.61	9.40	124.23
3	4.74	4.69	4.33	3.64	3.21	2.93	3.70	4.62	4.32	4.31	4.38	4.12	48.98
4	1.55	1.65	1.47	1.08	0.81	1.17	1.08	1.37	1.08	0.86	0.89	0.88	13.88
5	0.18	0.23	0.25	0.23	0.16	0.21	0.20	0.21	0.17	0.17	0.16	0.15	2.33
总计 Total	22.48	22.59	23.16	20.35	12.84	19.23	20.89	22.24	19.90	19.10	19.49	17.27	239.56

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