曹亚静, 赵美丞, 郑春燕, 朱峰. 根际微生物介导的植物响应干旱胁迫机制研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(8): 1330−1342. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230127
引用本文: 曹亚静, 赵美丞, 郑春燕, 朱峰. 根际微生物介导的植物响应干旱胁迫机制研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(8): 1330−1342. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230127
CAO Y J, ZHAO M C, ZHENG C Y, ZHU F. Rhizosphere microorganisms-mediated plant responses to drought stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(8): 1330−1342. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230127
Citation: CAO Y J, ZHAO M C, ZHENG C Y, ZHU F. Rhizosphere microorganisms-mediated plant responses to drought stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(8): 1330−1342. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230127

根际微生物介导的植物响应干旱胁迫机制研究进展

Rhizosphere microorganisms-mediated plant responses to drought stress

  • 摘要: 干旱作为目前全球农业生产面临的自然灾害之一, 严重制约着粮食安全和农业可持续发展。仅仅依赖于植物自身应对干旱的生理响应开发作物抗旱策略是远远不够的。关注干旱胁迫下适应性微生物的定殖以及微生物对植物的有益协助, 对改善植物生长并提高作物抗旱能力具有重要的指导意义。其中, 与植物紧密互作的根际微生物在植物健康发育和胁迫耐受性方面发挥着重要作用, 具备良好的应用潜力。本文总结了干旱胁迫对植物根际微生物群落多样性及组成的影响, 发现放线菌、厚壁菌以及丛枝菌根真菌在干旱下出现明显富集; 剖析了根际相关微生物协助植物抵御干旱胁迫的机制, 包括分泌植物生长调节因子、合成ACC脱氨酶、产生胞外多糖以及增强植物抗氧化酶活性等方式, 以期挖掘与植物高抗旱能力相关的潜在微生物并充分发挥其作用。最后, 本文提出未来不仅应该加大对植物耐旱野生近缘种的开发利用, 探寻与之存在有益协作关系的微生物来源并加以恢复, 还应从管理和调控植物微生物组的角度充分发挥植物根际微生物组在增强作物抗旱性中的作用, 为全球气候变暖背景下的可持续农业应用提供新思路。

     

    Abstract: As a consequence of climate change, drought has seriously restricted global food security and sustainable agricultural development. Developing crop drought resistance not only relies on diverse genetic resources, but it is also important to explore colonizing adaptive microorganisms as well as the potential beneficial associations between plants and microbes under drought conditions. Rhizosphere microorganisms that interact closely with plants play important roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. In this study, we examined the effects of drought stress on the diversity and composition of plant rhizosphere microbial communities. In the rhizosphere, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are often significantly enriched under drought stress. Next, we addressed the mechanisms by which rhizosphere microorganisms assist plants in resisting drought stress, particularly how they regulate plant stress responses, including the secretion of plant growth regulators, synthesis of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deaminase, production of exopolysaccharides, and enhancement of plant antioxidant enzyme activity. Finally, we suggested that exploring drought-tolerant wild relatives and their associated beneficial microbes may help microbiome-assisted plant breeding programs. In addition, the construction and application of synthetic communities of beneficial rhizosphere microbiomes may improve drought resistance and sustainable crop production in the context of global environmental change.

     

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