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氯盐胁迫下施氮对西瓜生理特性和氮素吸收利用的影响

王西娜 柳雪 李雪芳 王湘银 赵伟杰 孙晶晶 谭军利

王西娜, 柳雪, 李雪芳, 王湘银, 赵伟杰, 孙晶晶, 谭军利. 氯盐胁迫下施氮对西瓜生理特性和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(11): 1758−1767 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230162
引用本文: 王西娜, 柳雪, 李雪芳, 王湘银, 赵伟杰, 孙晶晶, 谭军利. 氯盐胁迫下施氮对西瓜生理特性和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(11): 1758−1767 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230162
WANG X N, LIU X, LI X F, WANG X Y, ZHAO W J, SUN J J, TAN J L. Effects of nitrogen application on physiological characteristics and nitrogen uptake and utilization of watermelon under chloride stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(11): 1758−1767 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230162
Citation: WANG X N, LIU X, LI X F, WANG X Y, ZHAO W J, SUN J J, TAN J L. Effects of nitrogen application on physiological characteristics and nitrogen uptake and utilization of watermelon under chloride stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(11): 1758−1767 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230162

氯盐胁迫下施氮对西瓜生理特性和氮素吸收利用的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230162
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31860590, 31460546)、宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC02013)、宁夏回族自治区大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210749082, S202310749097)和宁夏大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210749557)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王西娜, 主要研究方向为植物营养高效利用与调控。E-mail: eunicexina-w@163.com

    通讯作者:

    谭军利, 主要研究方向为农业水资源高效利用。E-mail: tanjl@nxu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: S143.1; S143.7; S651

Effects of nitrogen application on physiological characteristics and nitrogen uptake and utilization of watermelon under chloride stress

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860590, 31460546), Ningxia Natural Science Foundation (2022AAC02013), Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (S202210749082, S202310749097), and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Ningxia University (202210749557).
More Information
  • 摘要: 由于长期使用地下含氯微咸水补灌, 氯盐胁迫已经成为限制宁夏西瓜产量和品质的主要因素之一, 而施用氮肥可在一定程度上缓解盐胁迫引起的生长抑制作用, 因此, 探索氮素对西瓜氯盐胁迫的调控机制, 对氯盐胁迫下合理施用氮肥和西瓜氯毒害调控具有重要意义。本研究以‘金城5号’西瓜品种为供试作物, 采用土培试验, 探索氯盐胁迫[160 mg (Cl−1)∙kg−1(烘干土)]下不同施氮水平[0 g∙kg−1(烘干土)、0.10 g∙kg−1(烘干土)、0.15 g∙kg−1(烘干土)、0.20 g∙kg−1(烘干土)、0.25 g∙kg−1(烘干土)]对西瓜幼苗阴阳离子平衡、有机渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性、氧化损伤和氮素吸收利用的影响, 以期为揭示氮素对作物氯盐胁迫的调控机理提供理论依据。结果表明, 施用氮肥使西瓜根、茎、叶中的Cl和Na+均显著减少, 而NO3和K+均显著增加, 因此, 整株Cl/NO3值和Na+/K+值分别比不施氮降低46.0%~69.5%和31.0%~54.3%; 叶片中可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均在0.15 g∙kg−1氮水平时达最大值, 分别比不施氮提高75.6%、70.1%、55.8%和54.8%, 而丙二醛含量则比不施氮降低59.3%; 同时, 施氮0.15 g∙kg−1时, 西瓜的氮累积量增加157.7%, 硝酸还原酶活性提高62.4%, 氮吸收效率和氮素利用效率分别达26.25%和97.10%, 西瓜植株鲜重和干物质累积量亦显著提高96.9%和29.0%。对施氮量与西瓜各生长生理指标的聚类分析和相关分析表明, 施氮处理对氯盐胁迫的缓解效果表现为0.15 g∙kg−1>0.20 g∙kg−1>0.10 g∙kg−1>0.25 g∙kg−1, 生物量和干物质累积与氮吸收利用效率及氮累积呈显著正相关, 而氮累积量与抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量间均具有显著的正相关性, 与Na+/K+值、Cl/ NO3值和丙二醛含量呈负相关。综合各指标与施氮量之间的曲线拟合结果, 氯盐浓度为160 mg (Cl−1)∙kg−1(烘干土)时西瓜生长和生理活性适宜施氮量为0.14~0.18 g∙kg−1。可见, 氯盐胁迫下适量施氮可通过调节Na+/K+值和Cl/NO3值来维持植株体内离子稳态, 并提高渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性, 从而降低细胞膜氧化损伤, 增强西瓜植株的生理抗性, 达到对氯盐胁迫的调控作用。
  • 图  1  氯胁迫下施氮水平对西瓜幼苗生物量的影响

    Figure  1.  Effects of N rate on biomass of watermelon under chlorine stress

    图  2  氯胁迫下施氮水平对西瓜幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响

    Figure  2.  Effect of N rate on organic osmoregulation substances contents of watermelon seedlings under chlorine stress

    图  3  氯胁迫下施氮水平对西瓜幼苗抗氧化酶(SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶; CAT: 过氧化氢酶)活性的影响

    Figure  3.  Effect of N rate on antioxidant enzymes (SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase) activities of watermelon seedlings under chlorine stress

    图  4  氯胁迫下施氮水平对西瓜幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响

    Figure  4.  Effect of N rate on malondialdehyde (MDA) content of watermelon seedlings under chlorine stress

    图  5  氯胁迫下不同氮水平处理西瓜幼苗相关指标聚类分析热图和相关分析图

    FW: 生物量; DM: 干物质; Pro: 脯氨酸含量; ss: 可溶性糖含量; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶活性; CAT: 过氧化氢酶活性; MDA: 丙二醛含量; N Accum: 氮累积; N Abs: 氮吸收效率; NUE: 氮利用率; NR: 硝酸还原酶活性。Na/K(L): leaf Na+/K+ ratio; Na/K(S): stem Na+/K+ ratio; Na/K(R): root Na+/K+ ratio; Cl/N(L): leaf Cl/NO3 ratio; Cl/N(S): stem Cl/NO3 ratio; Cl/N(R): root Cl/NO3 ratio; FW: frest weight; DM: dry matter; Pro: proline content; ss: soluble sugar content; SOD: superoxide dismutase activity; CAT: catalase activity; MDA: malondialdehyde content; N Accum: N accumulation; N Abs: N absorption efficiency; NUE: N utilization ratio; NR: nitrate reductase activity.

    Figure  5.  Heat map and correlation analysis diagram among relative indexes of watermelon seedlings of different N rates under chlorine stress

    表  1  供试土壤化学性质

    Table  1.   Soil basic physical and chemical properties

    指标
    Index

    pH
    有机质
    Organic matter
    (g∙kg−1)
    全氮
    Total nitrogen
    (g∙kg−1)
    全磷
    Total phosphorus
    (g∙kg−1)
    矿质态氮
    Mineral nitrogen
    (mg∙kg−1)
    速效磷
    Available phosphorus
    (mg∙kg−1)
    速效钾
    Available potassium
    (mg∙kg−1)
    氯离子
    Chloridion
    (g∙kg−1)
    数值 Value8.037.140.960.8731.566.95114.880.06
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  氯胁迫下不同施氮水平对西瓜幼苗离子含量的影响

    Table  2.   Ions contents of watermelon seedlings affected by N rate under chlorine stress

    项目
    Item
    氮水平 N rate (g∙kg−1)
    00.100.150.200.25
    K+含量
    K+ content
    (g∙kg−1)
    叶 Leaf7.08±0.81c8.10±0.82bc9.44±0.94ab10.44±0.47a7.43±0.47bc
    茎 Stem6.43±0.47b8.77±0.94ab9.10±0.82ab10.44±1.70a8.77±1.25ab
    根 Root2.09±0.82b2.75±0.47ab3.76±0.72ab4.43±0.72a2.42±0.47b
    整株 Plant5.20±0.31c6.54±0.61bc7.32±1.14ab8.43±0.55a6.32±0.16bc
    Na+含量
    Na+ content
    (g∙kg−1)
    叶 Leaf0.32±0.03a0.21±0.03b0.17±0.02b0.17±0.02b0.19±0.02b
    茎 Stem0.44±0.05a0.40±0.03ab0.38±0.03b0.39±0.03ab0.43±0.01ab
    根 Root0.70±0.03a0.58±0.03abc0.46±0.04c0.52±0.03bc0.61±0.05ab
    整株 Plant0.49±0.01a0.40±0.01b0.33±0.01c0.36±0.02bc0.41±0.03b
    Na+/K+叶 Leaf0.05a0.03b0.02b0.02b0.03b
    茎 Stem0.07a 0.05ab0.04b0.04b 0.05ab
    根 Root0.34a 0.21ab0.12b0.12b 0.25ab
    整株 Plant0.09a 0.06bc0.05c0.04c0.06b
    NO3含量
    NO3 content
    (mg∙kg−1)
    叶 Leaf230.4±30.9b239.6±14.4b287.0±16.2ab314.5±17.3a305.4±19.6ab
    茎 Stem273.2±10.0b355.8±8.7b415.4±6.2b754.9±10.6a377.2±12.5b
    根 Root152.4±26.2b337.5±42.0a366.5±14.2a430.7±42.6a267.1±26.1ab
    整株 Plant218.7±17.7c311.0±25.2bc356.3±6.9b500.1±69.8a316.6±4.4b
    Cl含量
    Cl content
    (mg∙kg−1)
    叶 Leaf8878.6±397.6a6418.6±389.3ab4921.4±432.5b6209.1±587.9b6284.3±438.0ab
    茎 Stem12 866.7±599.4a11 011.0±635.9ab9950.2±809.1b10 071.0±488.2b11 553.5±231.4ab
    根 Root7882.3±266.8a5324.2±274.6b4004.9±234.4b4355.2±377.3b5089.2±272.8b
    整株 Plant9875.9±183.7a7584.6±457.4b6292.2±853.3b6878.4±781.6b7642.3±283.4b
    Cl/NO3叶 Leaf38.53±5.95a26.79±5.61ab17.15±1.32b19.74±4.55ab20.58±3.48ab
    茎 Stem47.09±3.21a30.95±1.65a23.95±2.46ab13.34±3.03b30.63±1.42a
    根 Root51.71±6.12a15.78±1.16b10.93±1.04b10.11±1.40b19.05±1.24b
    整株 Plant45.16±3.93a24.39±3.51b17.66±2.22bc13.76±3.65c24.14±0.71bc
      不同小写字母表示施氮水平间在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different nitrogen rates at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  氯胁迫下不同施氮水平对西瓜幼苗氮吸收利用的影响

    Table  3.   Effects of different N rates on N uptake and utilization of watermelon seedlings under chlorine stress

    氮水平
    N rate (g∙kg−1)
    氮吸收累积量
    N absorption accumulation (g∙plant−1)
    氮吸收效率
    N absorption efficiency
    (%)
    氮利用率
    N utilization ratio
    (%)
    硝酸还原酶活性
    Nitrate reductase activity
    (μg∙g−1)

    Leaf

    Stem

    Root
    整株
    Whole plant
    04.23±0.15d4.87±0.21b1.27±0.15c10.38±0.24d 11.00±0.78b12.26±1.40c
    0.108.64±1.51c6.63±1.50ab1.76±0.18b17.03±2.27c16.04±1.31ab66.50±17.35ab16.27±1.82bc
    0.1515.25±1.16a9.21±1.04a2.28±0.06a26.75±0.88a26.25±2.54a97.10±7.86a19.91±1.43ab
    0.2013.70±1.58ab8.76±0.56a2.26±0.19a24.72±2.24ab26.71±2.23a71.73±6.72ab21.91±1.38a
    0.2511.00±1.50bc7.01±1.12ab2.27±0.07a20.27±2.60bc24.10±3.94ab39.56±6.01b15.69±0.76bc
      不同小写字母表示施氮水平间在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different nitrogen rates at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-03-30
  • 录用日期:  2023-07-06
  • 修回日期:  2023-07-06
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-08-10
  • 刊出日期:  2023-11-10

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