农业文化遗产地茶文化景观基因农户感知差异研究

程佳欣; 孙业红; 常谕

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230166

农业文化遗产地茶文化景观基因农户感知差异研究以潮州单丛茶文化系统为例

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230166

北京联合大学　北京　100101

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41971264)和潮州单丛茶申报全球重要农业文化遗产项目资助

详细信息

作者简介:
程佳欣, 主要从事农业文化遗产旅游方面研究。E-mail: cheng_jiaxin99@163.com

通讯作者:
孙业红, 主要研究方向为遗产旅游、可持续旅游、农业文化遗产动态保护、旅游资源开发与规划。E-mail: sunyehong@buu.edu.cn

中图分类号: F59
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-30
- 录用日期: 2023-06-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-10

Differences in the perceptions of farmers in the tea culture landscape genes of agricultural heritage sites: a case study of the Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system

Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971264) and Chaozhoudancong Tea Nominated for Globally Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Project.

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: sunyehong@buu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 农业文化遗产是一种活态遗产, 具有重要的社会价值、经济价值和生态价值, 文化景观特征鲜明, 识别其文化景观基因有着积极的意义。以景观基因理论和地方理论为基础, 以潮州单丛茶文化系统为例, 识别潮州单丛茶文化景观基因; 以农户为调研对象, 探讨茶文化景观基因与农户感知的内在联系, 挖掘不同生计类型农户对茶文化景观基因演变的感知差异。结果表明: 1)农户感知近十年茶园和村庄的生态环境、生活环境、茶种植工具和种植技术以及生活方式发生了显著的变化; 2)高山茶种植区的农户对山地、茶园、村庄的环境变化感知更为强烈, 低山茶种植区的农户对种植技术和知识的变化感知更为强烈; 3)生计策略为单一种茶的农户对“山地、台地面积变化”等指标的感知更强烈; 4)农户的茶叶总收入不同, 对茶文化景观生态基因感知也存在差异。可针对不同类型的农户提出增强其生计韧性的途径, 促进农户生态保护和遗产传承意识的提升, 为农业文化遗产地可持续发展提供思路。
- 农业文化遗产 /
- 潮州单丛茶文化系统 /
- 景观基因 /
- 生计资本
Abstract: Agricultural heritage is a living heritage with important social, economic, and ecological value, as well as distinctive cultural landscape features. Identifying the cultural landscape genes of agricultural heritage sites has positive significance. In existing researches related to landscape genes, most traditional settlements and historical architectural neighborhoods have been studied from the perspective of landscape genes. There have been very few analyses and research results on the landscape genetic characteristics of agricultural heritage sites. This study can fill the gaps in landscape genetic research on agricultural heritage sites in the domestic academic field, which is a complementary and helpful area of research on landscape genes and dynamic conservation of agricultural heritage. Based on landscape gene theory and local theory, the Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system is considered an example to identify landscape genes, and farmers are used as research subjects to explore the intrinsic link between tea cultural landscape genes and farmers’ perceptions and to observe the effect of differences in the perceptions of different livelihood types of farmers on the evolution of tea cultural landscape genes. The three dimensions of ecological, production, and living genes constitute the landscape genes of the Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system. Combined with questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with local farmers, the data were analyzed using the related software SPSSAU (SPSS Online), and the local farmers’ perceptions of the changes in the landscape genes of the tea culture were obtained. The results indicate the following: 1) Farmers observed significant changes in the ecosystem, living environment, farming tools and techniques, and lifestyle of the tea plantations and villages in the last decade. 2) Farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas perceived environmental changes in the mountains, tea plantations, and villages more strongly, and farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas perceived changes in cultivation techniques and knowledge more strongly. 3) Farmers with different livelihood strategies showed significant differences in their perceptions of the landscape genes of tea culture, with tea farmers of a single livelihood perceiving indicators, such as “changes in the area of hills and terraces”, more strongly. 4) There were differences in the perception of landscape genes of the tea culture among farmers with different total tea revenues. Farmers in high-altitude tea areas, with single livelihood strategy and higher tea incomes, had a stronger perception of landscape genes changes in tea culture and a higher awareness of ecological conservation but a low degree of livelihood diversification, and they were exposed to higher shocks from market risks, natural disasters, and other external risks. Farmers in low mountain tea areas, with diverse livelihood strategies and lower tea incomes, had a poorer awareness of ecological conservation and weaker perception of landscape genes changes. However, ecosystems and land resources, such as natural capital, are important components of farmers’ livelihood capital, and ecological vulnerability can lead to the vulnerability of farmers’ livelihoods. Methods to enhance the resilience of the livelihoods of different types of farmers can be proposed for raising their awareness of ecological protection and heritage inheritance and providing ideas for the sustainable development of agricultural heritage sites.
- Agricultural heritage sites /
- Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system /
- Landscape genes /
- Farmers’ livelihoods

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图 1 潮州单丛茶农业文化遗产茶文化景观基因构成

Figure 1. Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system tea culture landscape genetic composition

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表 1 潮州单丛茶农业文化遗产茶文化景观基因感知调查指标

Table 1. Indicators of perceptual survey of tea culture landscape genes of Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system

指标 Index	调查内容 Investigate index
农户基本情况 Basic information about the farmers	性别 Gender
	年龄 Age
	文化程度 Educational level
	居住时间 Duration of residence
	健康状况 Health status
	生计策略 Livelihood strategy
	茶园类型 Type of tea plantation
	古茶树数量 Number of ancient tea plants
	“单株采单株制”茶树数量 Number of “single-picked, single-produced” tea plants
	茶叶总收入 Total tea income
生态基因 Ecological gene	山地、台地面积的变化 Changes in mountain / terrace area
	山地、台地生态环境的变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems
	河流流域面积的变化 Changes in river basin area
	河流流量的变化 Changes in river flows
	森林面积的变化 Changes in forest area
	森林树种的变化 Changes in forest species
	古茶园面积的变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations
	古茶园数量的变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations
	茶园面积的变化 Changes in the area of tea plantations
	茶园数量的变化 Changes in the number of tea plantations
	茶园环境的变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations
	村庄面积的变化 Changes in the size of villages
	村庄生态环境的变化 Changes in the environment of villages
	村庄生活环境的变化 Changes in the living environment in villages
生产基因 Production gene	茶种植工具的变化 Changes in the tools of tea growing
	茶种植技术的变化 Changes in tea growing techniques
	茶种植知识的变化 Changes in tea growing knowledge
	茶种植制度的变化 Changes in the tea plantation system
生活基因 Living gene	节庆习俗的变化 Changes in festive customs
	信仰崇拜的变化 Changes in worship
	村规民约的变化 Changes in village rules and regulations
	生活方式的变化 Changes in lifestyle

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表 2 样本基本信息

Table 2. Basic information on the sample

项目 Item	调查内容 Survey content	样本量 Sample size	比例 Proportion (%)
性别 Gender	男 Male	49	81.7
性别 Gender	女 Female	11	18.3
年龄 Age	<18	1	1.7
	18~30	6	10.0
	31~45	25	41.7
	46~60	20	33.3
	≥61	8	13.3
文化程度 Education level	没上过学 Uneducated	3	5.0
	小学 Primary school	9	15.0
	初中 Junior middle school	32	53.3
	高中、中专 High school / junior college	14	23.3
	大学、大专 University / post-secondary	2	3.3
生计策略 Livelihood strategy	种茶农民 Tea farmers	46	76.67
	种茶农民/其他 Tea farmers / others	9	15.0
	其他 Others	5	8.33
健康状况 Health status	健康 Well-being	60	100.0
健康状况 Health status	非健康 Unhealthy	0	0
是否为原住民 Aboriginality or otherwise	是 Yes	54	90.0
是否为原住民 Aboriginality or otherwise	否 No	6	10.0
茶园类型 Type of tea plantation	高山茶 High altitude tea	33	55.0
茶园类型 Type of tea plantation	低山茶 Low altitude tea	27	45.0
单株采单株制 Single-picked, single-produced (plants)	0	20	33.3
	1~50	32	53.3
	51~100	5	8.3
	≥101	3	5.0
古茶树 Ancient tea tree (plants)	0	31	51.7
	1~50	9	15.0
	51~100	4	6.7
	101~200	7	11.7
	≥201	9	15.0
茶叶总收入 Total tea income (×10⁴ ¥)	≤50	22	36.7
	51~100	11	18.3
	101~200	9	15.0
	201~300	11	18.3
	≥301	7	11.7

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表 3 潮州单丛茶农业文化遗产景观基因感知描述性分析

Table 3. Descriptive analysis of landscape genetic perception of Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system

景观基因类型 Landscape genotypes	题目 Subject	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviation	中位数 Median
生态基因 Ecological gene	山地、台地面积变化 Changes in mountain / terrace area	2.917	1.239	2.000
	山地、台地生态环境变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems	4.117	0.904	4.000
	河流流域变化 Changes in river basin area	3.450	1.358	4.000
	河流水量变化 Changes in river flows	3.450	1.358	4.000
	森林面积变化 Changes in forest area	2.967	1.262	2.500
	森林树种变化 Changes in forest species	2.800	1.086	3.000
	古茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations	2.150	1.436	1.000
	古茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations	2.150	1.436	1.000
	茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of tea plantations	2.900	1.570	2.000
	茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of tea plantations	2.850	1.560	2.000
	茶园环境变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations	4.017	0.983	4.000
	村庄面积变化 Changes in the size of villages	2.267	1.087	2.000
	村庄生态环境变化 Changes in the ecology of villages	4.350	0.777	4.000
	村庄生活环境变化 Changes in the living environment in villages	4.517	0.624	5.000
生产基因 Production gene	茶种植工具变化 Changes in the tools of tea growing	4.067	0.954	4.000
	茶种植技术变化 Changes in tea growing techniques	3.867	1.142	4.000
	茶种植知识变化 Changes in tea growing knowledge	2.183	0.911	2.000
	茶种植制度变化 Changes in the tea plantation system	1.117	0.324	1.000
生活基因 Living gene	节庆习俗变化 Changes in festive customs	1.083	0.530	1.000
	信仰崇拜变化 Changes in worship	1.117	0.490	1.000
	村规民约变化 Changes in village rules and regulations	1.783	0.739	2.000
	生活方式变化 Changes in lifestyle	3.667	1.258	4.000

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表 4 潮州单丛茶农业文化遗产景观基因变化满意度描述性分析

Table 4. Descriptive analysis of satisfaction with genetic change in the landscape of Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system

景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviations	中位数 Median
生态基因 Ecological gene	山地、台地面积变化 Changes in mountain / terrace area	3.967	0.581	4.000
	山地、台地生态环境变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems	4.183	1.033	4.000
	河流流域变化 Changes in river basin area	3.333	1.203	3.500
	河流水量变化 Changes in river flows	3.333	1.203	3.500
	森林面积变化 Changes in forest area	3.600	0.942	4.000
	森林树种变化 Changes in forest species	3.533	0.911	4.000
	古茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations	3.550	0.946	3.500
	古茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations	3.550	0.946	3.500
	茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of tea plantations	4.050	0.790	4.000
	茶园数量变化满意 Changes in the number of tea plantations	4.017	0.833	4.000
	茶园环境变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations	4.200	1.022	4.500
	村庄面积变化 Changes in the size of villages	3.817	0.596	4.000
	村庄生态环境变化 Changes in the ecology of villages	4.350	0.971	5.000
	村庄生活环境变化 Changes in the living environment in villages	4.567	0.698	5.000
生产基因 Production gene	茶种植工具变化 Changes in the tools of tea growing	4.383	0.613	4.000
	茶种植技术变化 Changes in tea growing techniques	4.367	0.637	4.000
	茶种植知识变化 Changes in tea growing knowledge	4.083	0.497	4.000
	茶种植制度变化 Changes in the tea plantation system	4.700	0.530	5.000
生活基因 Living gene	节庆习俗变化 Changes in festive customs	4.050	0.594	4.000
	信仰崇拜变化 Changes in worship	4.050	0.649	4.000
	村规民约变化 Changes in village rules and regulations	4.250	0.704	4.000
	生活方式变化 Changes in lifestyle	4.633	0.520	5.000

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表 5 不同茶园类型农户对景观基因感知的差异

Table 5. Differences in the perception of landscape genetics among farmers with different tea plantation types

景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	感知程度 Level of perception	户数 Households number		P
景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	感知程度 Level of perception	高山茶 High altitude tea	低山茶 Low altitude tea	P
生态基因 Ecological gene	山地、台地面积变化 Changes in mountain / terrace area	1	3(9.09)	2(7.41)	0.046^*
		2	12(36.36)	15(55.56)
		3	2(6.06)	0(0.00)
		4	15(45.45)	5(18.52)
		5	1(3.03)	5(18.52)
	山地、台地生态环境变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems	2	2(6.06)	4(14.81)	0.000^**
		3	1(3.03)	2(7.41)
		4	10(30.30)	19(70.37)
		5	20(60.61)	2(7.41)
	河流流域变化 Changes in river basin area	1	1(3.03)	5(18.52)	0.008^**
		2	4(12.12)	10(37.04)
		3	1(3.03)	1(3.70)
		4	14(42.42)	9(33.33)
		5	13(39.39)	2(7.41)
	河流水量变化 Changes in river flows	1	1(3.03)	5(18.52)	0.008^**
		2	4(12.12)	10(37.04)
		3	1(3.03)	1(3.70)
		4	14(42.42)	9(33.33)
		5	13(39.39)	2(7.41)
	森林树种变化 Changes in forest species	1	2(6.06)	3(11.11)	0.046^*
		2	8(24.24)	16(59.26)
		3	9(27.27)	3(11.11)
		4	12(36.36)	4(14.81)
		5	2(6.06)	1(3.70)
	古茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations	1	7(21.21)	24(88.89)	0.000^**
		2	9(27.27)	1(3.70)
		3	2(6.06)	1(3.70)
		4	10(30.30)	1(3.70)
		5	5(15.15)	0(0.00)
	古茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations	1	7(21.21)	24(88.89)	0.000^**
		2	9(27.27)	1(3.70)
		3	2(6.06)	1(3.70)
		4	10(30.30)	1(3.70)
		5	5(15.15)	0(0.00)
	茶园环境变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations	2	3(9.09)	6(22.22)	0.001^**
		3	0(0.00)	1(3.70)
		4	12(36.36)	18(66.67)
		5	18(54.55)	2(7.41)
	村庄生态环境变化 Changes in the ecology of villages	2	1(3.03)	2(7.41)	0.041^*
		3	0(0.00)	2(7.41)
		4	11(33.33)	15(55.56)
		5	21(63.64)	8(29.63)
	村庄生活环境变化 Changes in the living environment in villages	2	0(0.00)	1(3.70)	0.002^**
		3	0(0.00)	1(3.70)
		4	7(21.21)	17(62.96)
		5	26(78.79)	8(29.63)
生产基因 Production gene	茶种植技术变化 Changes in tea growing techniques	1	3(9.09)	0(0.00)	0.026^*
		2	7(21.21)	1(3.70)
		3	1(3.03)	0(0.00)
		4	11(33.33)	19(70.37)
		5	11(33.33)	7(25.93)
	茶种植知识变化 Changes in tea growing knowledge	1	8(24.24)	0(0.00)	0.019^*
		2	19(57.58)	24(88.89)
		3	0(0.00)	1(3.70)
		4	4(12.12)	2(7.41)
		5	2(6.06)	0(0.00)
	茶种植制度变化 Changes in the tea plantation system	1	32(96.97)	21(77.78)	0.021*
	茶种植制度变化 Changes in the tea plantation system	2	1(3.03)	6(22.22)	0.021*
表示P<0.05水平差异显著; 表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。 represents significant differences at P<0.05 level; ** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. The value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in that classification of the total respondents.

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表 6 不同茶园类型农户对景观基因变化满意度的差异

Table 6. Differences in the satisfaction with landscape genetic changes among farmers with different tea plantation types

景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	满意度 Satisfaction	户数 Households number		P
景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	满意度 Satisfaction	高山茶 High altitude tea	低山茶 Low altitude tea	P
生态基因 Ecological gene	山地、台地生态环境变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems	1	0(0.00)	1(3.70)	0.022^*
		2	0(0.00)	6(22.22)
		3	1(3.03)	2(7.41)
		4	12(36.36)	9(33.33)
		5	20(60.61)	9(33.33)
	河流流域变化 Changes in river basin area	1	2(6.06)	0(0.00)	0.013^*
		2	14(42.42)	4(14.81)
		3	5(15.15)	5(18.52)
		4	10(30.30)	8(29.63)
		5	2(6.06)	10(37.04)
	河流水量变化 Changes in river flows	1	2(6.06)	0(0.00)	0.013^*
		2	14(42.42)	4(14.81)
		3	5(15.15)	5(18.52)
		4	10(30.30)	8(29.63)
		5	2(6.06)	10(37.04)
	古茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations	1	8(24.24)	0(0.00)	0.000^**
		2	2(6.06)	20(74.07)
		4	12(36.36)	7(25.93)
		5	11(33.33)	0(0.00)
	古茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations	2	8(24.24)	0(0.00)	0.000^**
		3	2(6.06)	20(74.07)
		4	12(36.36)	7(25.93)
		5	11(33.33)	0(0.00)
	茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of tea plantations	2	0(0.00)	6(22.22)	0.032^*
		3	1(3.03)	1(3.70)
		4	24(72.73)	13(48.15)
		5	8(24.24)	7(25.93)
	茶园环境变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations	2	0(0.00)	8(29.63)	0.002^**
		3	0(0.00)	2(7.41)
		4	12(36.36)	8(29.63)
		5	21(63.64)	9(33.33)
生活基因 Living gene	信仰崇拜变化 Changes in worship	3	5(15.15)	6(22.22)	0.031^*
		4	16(48.48)	19(70.37)
		5	12(36.36)	2(7.41)
表示P<0.05水平差异显著; 表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。 represents significant differences at P<0.05 level; ** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. The value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total respondents.

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表 7 不同生计方式的农户对景观基因变化感知的差异

Table 7. Differences in the perception of landscape genetic change among farmers with different livelihood strategies

景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	感知程度 Level of perception	户数 Households number			P
景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	感知程度 Level of perception	种茶农民 Tea farmers	种茶农民/其他 Tea farmers / others	其他 Others	P
生态基因 Ecological gene	山地、台地面积变化 Changes in mountain / terrace area	1	2(4.35)	3(33.33)	0(0.00)	0.039^*
		2	21(45.65)	3(33.33)	3(60.00)
		3	1(2.17)	0(0.00)	1(20.00)
		4	18(39.13)	2(22.22)	0(0.00)
		5	4(8.70)	1(11.11)	1(20.00)
表示P<0.05水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。 represents significant differences at P<0.05 level. The value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total respondents.

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表 8 不同生计策略农户在景观基因变化满意度中的差异

Table 8. Differences in the satisfaction with changes in landscape genetics among farmers with different livelihood strategies

景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	满意度 Satisfaction	户数 Households number			P
景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	满意度 Satisfaction	种茶农民 Tea farmers	种茶农民/其他 Tea farmers / others	其他 Others	P
生产基因 Production gene	茶种植工具变化 Changes in the tools of tea growing	2	1(2.17)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0.001^**
		3	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(20.00)
		4	27(58.70)	1(11.11)	4(80.00)
		5	18(39.13)	8(88.89)	0(0.00)
表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。 represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. Value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total respondents.

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表 9 不同收入农户对景观基因变化感知的差异

Table 9. Differences in the perception of landscape genetic changes in the landscape by farmers with different incomes

景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	感知程度 Level of perception	户数 Households number					P
景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	感知程度 Level of perception	≤50 (×10⁴ ¥)	51~100 (×10⁴ ¥)	101~200 (×10⁴ ¥)	201~300 (×10⁴ ¥)	≥301 (×10⁴ ¥)	P
生态基因 Ecological gene	山地、台地生态环境变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems	2	3(15.00)	2(18.18)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(14.29)	0.032^*
		3	2(10.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(9.09)	0(0.00)
		4	14(70.00)	7(63.64)	3(33.33)	3(27.27)	2(28.57)
		5	1(5.00)	2(18.18)	6(66.67)	7(63.64)	4(57.14)
	河流流域变化 Changes in river basin area	1	5(25.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(9.09)	0(0.00)	0.048^*
		2	7(35.00)	3(27.27)	1(11.11)	1(9.09)	2(28.57)
		3	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	0(0.00)	1(14.29)
		4	6(30.00)	7(63.64)	3(33.33)	3(27.27)	3(42.86)
		5	2(10.00)	1(9.09)	4(44.44)	6(54.55)	1(14.29)
	河流水量变化 Changes in river flows	1	5(25.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(9.09)	0(0.00)	0.048^*
		2	7(35.00)	3(27.27)	1(11.11)	1(9.09)	2(28.57)
		3	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	0(0.00)	1(14.29)
		4	6(30.00)	7(63.64)	3(33.33)	3(27.27)	3(42.86)
		5	2(10.00)	1(9.09)	4(44.44)	6(54.55)	1(14.29)
	古茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations	1	19(95.00)	4(36.36)	2(22.22)	5(45.45)	1(14.29)	0.000^**
		2	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	3(33.33)	4(36.36)	2(28.57)
		3	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	1(9.09)	1(14.29)
		4	0(0.00)	3(27.27)	3(33.33)	1(9.09)	3(42.86)
		5	0(0.00)	4(36.36)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)
	古茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations	1	19(95.00)	4(36.36)	2(22.22)	5(45.45)	1(14.29)	0.000^**
		2	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	3(33.33)	4(36.36)	2(28.57)
		3	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	1(9.09)	1(14.29)
		4	0(0.00)	3(27.27)	3(33.33)	1(9.09)	3(42.86)
		5	0(0.00)	4(36.36)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)
	茶园环境变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations	2	3(15.00)	2(18.18)	2(22.22)	1(9.09)	1(14.29)	0.005^**
		3	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)
		4	15(75.00)	9(81.82)	1(11.11)	3(27.27)	2(28.57)
		5	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	6(66.67)	7(63.64)	4(57.14)
	村庄面积变化 Changes in the size of villages	1	4(20.00)	2(18.18)	1(11.11)	2(18.18)	1(14.29)	0.010^*
		2	16(80.00)	4(36.36)	7(77.78)	7(63.64)	5(71.43)
		4	0(0.00)	5(45.45)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(14.29)
		5	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	2(18.18)	0(0.00)
生产基因 Production gene	茶种植工具变化 Changes in the tools of tea growing	1	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(9.09)	0(0.00)	0.026^*
		2	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	3(27.27)	1(14.29)
		3	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(14.29)
		4	14(70.00)	9(81.82)	3(33.33)	1(9.09)	4(57.14)
		5	5(25.00)	2(18.18)	5(55.56)	6(54.55)	1(14.29)
	茶种植技术变化 Changes in tea growing techniques	1	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	2(22.22)	1(9.09)	0(0.00)	0.007^**
		2	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	2(18.18)	3(42.86)
		3	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(14.29)
		4	14(70.00)	9(81.82)	3(33.33)	2(18.18)	2(28.57)
		5	5(25.00)	2(18.18)	3(33.33)	6(54.55)	1(14.29)
	茶种植知识变化 Changes in tea growing knowledge	1	0(0.00)	1(9.09)	2(22.22)	3(27.27)	2(28.57)	0.010^*
		2	18(90.00)	10(90.91)	6(66.67)	6(54.55)	2(28.57)
		3	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)
		4	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	0(0.00)	3(42.86)
		5	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	2(18.18)	0(0.00)
表示P<0.05水平差异显著; 表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。 represents significant differences at P<0.05 level; ** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. The value in bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total respondents.

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表 10 不同收入农户对景观基因变化满意度感知的差异

Table 10. Differences in the satisfaction with changes in landscape genetics among farmers with different incomes

景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	满意度 Satisfaction	户数 Households number					P
景观基因类型 Landscape genotype	题目 Subject	满意度 Satisfaction	50 (×10⁴ ¥)	51~100 (×10⁴ ¥)	101~200 (×10⁴ ¥)	201~300 (×10⁴ ¥)	≥301 (×10⁴ ¥)	P
生态基因 Ecological gene	山地、台地生态环境变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems	1	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0.047^*
		2	6(30.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)
		3	2(10.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(9.09)	0(0.00)
		4	6(30.00)	7(63.64)	2(22.22)	2(18.18)	4(57.14)
		5	5(25.00)	4(36.36)	7(77.78)	8(72.73)	3(42.86)
	古茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations	2	0(0.00)	5(45.45)	1(11.11)	1(9.09)	1(14.29)	0.000^**
		3	15(75.00)	3(27.27)	2(22.22)	1(9.09)	1(14.29)
		4	5(25.00)	3(27.27)	5(55.56)	4(36.36)	2(28.57)
		5	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	5(45.45)	3(42.86)
	古茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations	2	0(0.00)	5(45.45)	1(11.11)	1(9.09)	1(14.29)	0.000^**
		3	15(75.00)	3(27.27)	2(22.22)	1(9.09)	1(14.29)
		4	5(25.00)	3(27.27)	5(55.56)	4(36.36)	2(28.57)
		5	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	1(11.11)	5(45.45)	3(42.86)
	茶园环境变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations	2	8(40.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0.000^**
		3	2(10.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)
		4	3(15.00)	9(81.82)	3(33.33)	2(18.18)	3(42.86)
		5	7(35.00)	2(18.18)	6(66.67)	9(81.82)	4(57.14)
生产基因 Production gene	茶种植技术变化 Changes in tea growing techniques	2	1(5.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0.016^*
		3	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	2(28.57)
		4	12(60.00)	7(63.64)	6(66.67)	2(18.18)	3(42.86)
		5	7(35.00)	4(36.36)	3(33.33)	9(81.82)	2(28.57)
生活基因 Living gene	信仰崇拜变化 Changes in worship	3	4(20.00)	1(9.09)	2(22.22)	2(18.18)	2(28.57)	0.027^*
		4	15(75.00)	9(81.82)	6(66.67)	4(36.36)	1(14.29)
		5	1(5.00)	1(9.09)	1(11.11)	5(45.45)	4(57.14)
表示P<0.05水平差异显著; 表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查人数占总人数的百分比。 represents significant differences at P<0.05 level; ** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. The value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total f respondents.

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