Differences in the perceptions of farmers in the tea culture landscape genes of agricultural heritage sites: a case study of the Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system
-
摘要: 农业文化遗产是一种活态遗产, 具有重要的社会价值、经济价值和生态价值, 文化景观特征鲜明, 识别其文化景观基因有着积极的意义。以景观基因理论和地方理论为基础, 以潮州单丛茶文化系统为例, 识别潮州单丛茶文化景观基因; 以农户为调研对象, 探讨茶文化景观基因与农户感知的内在联系, 挖掘不同生计类型农户对茶文化景观基因演变的感知差异。结果表明: 1)农户感知近十年茶园和村庄的生态环境、生活环境、茶种植工具和种植技术以及生活方式发生了显著的变化; 2)高山茶种植区的农户对山地、茶园、村庄的环境变化感知更为强烈, 低山茶种植区的农户对种植技术和知识的变化感知更为强烈; 3)生计策略为单一种茶的农户对“山地、台地面积变化”等指标的感知更强烈; 4)农户的茶叶总收入不同, 对茶文化景观生态基因感知也存在差异。可针对不同类型的农户提出增强其生计韧性的途径, 促进农户生态保护和遗产传承意识的提升, 为农业文化遗产地可持续发展提供思路。Abstract: Agricultural heritage is a living heritage with important social, economic, and ecological value, as well as distinctive cultural landscape features. Identifying the cultural landscape genes of agricultural heritage sites has positive significance. In existing researches related to landscape genes, most traditional settlements and historical architectural neighborhoods have been studied from the perspective of landscape genes. There have been very few analyses and research results on the landscape genetic characteristics of agricultural heritage sites. This study can fill the gaps in landscape genetic research on agricultural heritage sites in the domestic academic field, which is a complementary and helpful area of research on landscape genes and dynamic conservation of agricultural heritage. Based on landscape gene theory and local theory, the Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system is considered an example to identify landscape genes, and farmers are used as research subjects to explore the intrinsic link between tea cultural landscape genes and farmers’ perceptions and to observe the effect of differences in the perceptions of different livelihood types of farmers on the evolution of tea cultural landscape genes. The three dimensions of ecological, production, and living genes constitute the landscape genes of the Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system. Combined with questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with local farmers, the data were analyzed using the related software SPSSAU (SPSS Online), and the local farmers’ perceptions of the changes in the landscape genes of the tea culture were obtained. The results indicate the following: 1) Farmers observed significant changes in the ecosystem, living environment, farming tools and techniques, and lifestyle of the tea plantations and villages in the last decade. 2) Farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas perceived environmental changes in the mountains, tea plantations, and villages more strongly, and farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas perceived changes in cultivation techniques and knowledge more strongly. 3) Farmers with different livelihood strategies showed significant differences in their perceptions of the landscape genes of tea culture, with tea farmers of a single livelihood perceiving indicators, such as “changes in the area of hills and terraces”, more strongly. 4) There were differences in the perception of landscape genes of the tea culture among farmers with different total tea revenues. Farmers in high-altitude tea areas, with single livelihood strategy and higher tea incomes, had a stronger perception of landscape genes changes in tea culture and a higher awareness of ecological conservation but a low degree of livelihood diversification, and they were exposed to higher shocks from market risks, natural disasters, and other external risks. Farmers in low mountain tea areas, with diverse livelihood strategies and lower tea incomes, had a poorer awareness of ecological conservation and weaker perception of landscape genes changes. However, ecosystems and land resources, such as natural capital, are important components of farmers’ livelihood capital, and ecological vulnerability can lead to the vulnerability of farmers’ livelihoods. Methods to enhance the resilience of the livelihoods of different types of farmers can be proposed for raising their awareness of ecological protection and heritage inheritance and providing ideas for the sustainable development of agricultural heritage sites.
-
表 1 潮州单丛茶农业文化遗产茶文化景观基因感知调查指标
Table 1. Indicators of perceptual survey of tea culture landscape genes of Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system
指标 Index 调查内容 Investigate index 农户基本情况
Basic information about the farmers性别 Gender 年龄 Age 文化程度 Educational level 居住时间 Duration of residence 健康状况 Health status 生计策略 Livelihood strategy 茶园类型 Type of tea plantation 古茶树数量 Number of ancient tea plants “单株采单株制”茶树数量
Number of “single-picked, single-produced” tea plants茶叶总收入 Total tea income 生态基因
Ecological gene山地、台地面积的变化
Changes in mountain / terrace area山地、台地生态环境的变化
Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems河流流域面积的变化
Changes in river basin area河流流量的变化 Changes in river flows 森林面积的变化 Changes in forest area 森林树种的变化 Changes in forest species 古茶园面积的变化
Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations古茶园数量的变化
Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations茶园面积的变化
Changes in the area of tea plantations茶园数量的变化
Changes in the number of tea plantations茶园环境的变化
Changes in the environment of tea plantations村庄面积的变化
Changes in the size of villages村庄生态环境的变化
Changes in the environment of villages村庄生活环境的变化
Changes in the living environment in villages生产基因
Production gene茶种植工具的变化
Changes in the tools of tea growing茶种植技术的变化
Changes in tea growing techniques茶种植知识的变化
Changes in tea growing knowledge茶种植制度的变化
Changes in the tea plantation system生活基因
Living gene节庆习俗的变化 Changes in festive customs 信仰崇拜的变化 Changes in worship 村规民约的变化
Changes in village rules and regulations生活方式的变化 Changes in lifestyle 表 2 样本基本信息
Table 2. Basic information on the sample
项目
Item调查内容
Survey content样本量
Sample
size比例
Proportion
(%)性别
Gender男 Male 49 81.7 女 Female 11 18.3 年龄
Age<18 1 1.7 18~30 6 10.0 31~45 25 41.7 46~60 20 33.3 ≥61 8 13.3 文化程度
Education level没上过学 Uneducated 3 5.0 小学 Primary school 9 15.0 初中
Junior middle school32 53.3 高中、中专
High school / junior college14 23.3 大学、大专
University / post-secondary2 3.3 生计策略
Livelihood strategy种茶农民 Tea farmers 46 76.67 种茶农民/其他
Tea farmers / others9 15.0 其他 Others 5 8.33 健康状况
Health status健康 Well-being 60 100.0 非健康 Unhealthy 0 0 是否为原住民
Aboriginality or
otherwise是 Yes 54 90.0 否 No 6 10.0 茶园类型
Type of tea plantation高山茶
High altitude tea33 55.0 低山茶 Low altitude tea 27 45.0 单株采单株制
Single-picked,
single-produced (plants)0 20 33.3 1~50 32 53.3 51~100 5 8.3 ≥101 3 5.0 古茶树
Ancient tea tree
(plants)0 31 51.7 1~50 9 15.0 51~100 4 6.7 101~200 7 11.7 ≥201 9 15.0 茶叶总收入
Total tea income
(×104 ¥)≤50 22 36.7 51~100 11 18.3 101~200 9 15.0 201~300 11 18.3 ≥301 7 11.7 表 3 潮州单丛茶农业文化遗产景观基因感知描述性分析
Table 3. Descriptive analysis of landscape genetic perception of Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system
景观基因类型
Landscape genotypes题目
Subject平均值
Average标准差
Standard deviation中位数
Median生态基因
Ecological gene山地、台地面积变化 Changes in mountain / terrace area 2.917 1.239 2.000 山地、台地生态环境变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems 4.117 0.904 4.000 河流流域变化 Changes in river basin area 3.450 1.358 4.000 河流水量变化 Changes in river flows 3.450 1.358 4.000 森林面积变化 Changes in forest area 2.967 1.262 2.500 森林树种变化 Changes in forest species 2.800 1.086 3.000 古茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations 2.150 1.436 1.000 古茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations 2.150 1.436 1.000 茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of tea plantations 2.900 1.570 2.000 茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of tea plantations 2.850 1.560 2.000 茶园环境变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations 4.017 0.983 4.000 村庄面积变化 Changes in the size of villages 2.267 1.087 2.000 村庄生态环境变化 Changes in the ecology of villages 4.350 0.777 4.000 村庄生活环境变化 Changes in the living environment in villages 4.517 0.624 5.000 生产基因
Production gene茶种植工具变化 Changes in the tools of tea growing 4.067 0.954 4.000 茶种植技术变化 Changes in tea growing techniques 3.867 1.142 4.000 茶种植知识变化 Changes in tea growing knowledge 2.183 0.911 2.000 茶种植制度变化 Changes in the tea plantation system 1.117 0.324 1.000 生活基因
Living gene节庆习俗变化 Changes in festive customs 1.083 0.530 1.000 信仰崇拜变化 Changes in worship 1.117 0.490 1.000 村规民约变化 Changes in village rules and regulations 1.783 0.739 2.000 生活方式变化 Changes in lifestyle 3.667 1.258 4.000 表 4 潮州单丛茶农业文化遗产景观基因变化满意度描述性分析
Table 4. Descriptive analysis of satisfaction with genetic change in the landscape of Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system
景观基因类型
Landscape genotype题目
Subject平均值
Average标准差
Standard deviations中位数
Median生态基因
Ecological gene山地、台地面积变化 Changes in mountain / terrace area 3.967 0.581 4.000 山地、台地生态环境变化 Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems 4.183 1.033 4.000 河流流域变化 Changes in river basin area 3.333 1.203 3.500 河流水量变化 Changes in river flows 3.333 1.203 3.500 森林面积变化 Changes in forest area 3.600 0.942 4.000 森林树种变化 Changes in forest species 3.533 0.911 4.000 古茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations 3.550 0.946 3.500 古茶园数量变化 Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations 3.550 0.946 3.500 茶园面积变化 Changes in the area of tea plantations 4.050 0.790 4.000 茶园数量变化满意 Changes in the number of tea plantations 4.017 0.833 4.000 茶园环境变化 Changes in the environment of tea plantations 4.200 1.022 4.500 村庄面积变化 Changes in the size of villages 3.817 0.596 4.000 村庄生态环境变化 Changes in the ecology of villages 4.350 0.971 5.000 村庄生活环境变化 Changes in the living environment in villages 4.567 0.698 5.000 生产基因
Production gene茶种植工具变化 Changes in the tools of tea growing 4.383 0.613 4.000 茶种植技术变化 Changes in tea growing techniques 4.367 0.637 4.000 茶种植知识变化 Changes in tea growing knowledge 4.083 0.497 4.000 茶种植制度变化 Changes in the tea plantation system 4.700 0.530 5.000 生活基因
Living gene节庆习俗变化 Changes in festive customs 4.050 0.594 4.000 信仰崇拜变化 Changes in worship 4.050 0.649 4.000 村规民约变化 Changes in village rules and regulations 4.250 0.704 4.000 生活方式变化 Changes in lifestyle 4.633 0.520 5.000 表 5 不同茶园类型农户对景观基因感知的差异
Table 5. Differences in the perception of landscape genetics among farmers with different tea plantation types
景观基因类型
Landscape genotype题目
Subject感知程度
Level of perception户数
Households numberP 高山茶
High altitude tea低山茶
Low altitude tea生态基因
Ecological gene山地、台地面积变化
Changes in mountain / terrace area1 3(9.09) 2(7.41) 0.046* 2 12(36.36) 15(55.56) 3 2(6.06) 0(0.00) 4 15(45.45) 5(18.52) 5 1(3.03) 5(18.52) 山地、台地生态环境变化
Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems2 2(6.06) 4(14.81) 0.000** 3 1(3.03) 2(7.41) 4 10(30.30) 19(70.37) 5 20(60.61) 2(7.41) 河流流域变化
Changes in river basin area1 1(3.03) 5(18.52) 0.008** 2 4(12.12) 10(37.04) 3 1(3.03) 1(3.70) 4 14(42.42) 9(33.33) 5 13(39.39) 2(7.41) 河流水量变化
Changes in river flows1 1(3.03) 5(18.52) 0.008** 2 4(12.12) 10(37.04) 3 1(3.03) 1(3.70) 4 14(42.42) 9(33.33) 5 13(39.39) 2(7.41) 森林树种变化
Changes in forest species1 2(6.06) 3(11.11) 0.046* 2 8(24.24) 16(59.26) 3 9(27.27) 3(11.11) 4 12(36.36) 4(14.81) 5 2(6.06) 1(3.70) 古茶园面积变化
Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations1 7(21.21) 24(88.89) 0.000** 2 9(27.27) 1(3.70) 3 2(6.06) 1(3.70) 4 10(30.30) 1(3.70) 5 5(15.15) 0(0.00) 古茶园数量变化
Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations1 7(21.21) 24(88.89) 0.000** 2 9(27.27) 1(3.70) 3 2(6.06) 1(3.70) 4 10(30.30) 1(3.70) 5 5(15.15) 0(0.00) 茶园环境变化
Changes in the environment of tea plantations2 3(9.09) 6(22.22) 0.001** 3 0(0.00) 1(3.70) 4 12(36.36) 18(66.67) 5 18(54.55) 2(7.41) 村庄生态环境变化
Changes in the ecology of villages2 1(3.03) 2(7.41) 0.041* 3 0(0.00) 2(7.41) 4 11(33.33) 15(55.56) 5 21(63.64) 8(29.63) 村庄生活环境变化
Changes in the living environment in villages2 0(0.00) 1(3.70) 0.002** 3 0(0.00) 1(3.70) 4 7(21.21) 17(62.96) 5 26(78.79) 8(29.63) 生产基因
Production gene茶种植技术变化
Changes in tea growing techniques1 3(9.09) 0(0.00) 0.026* 2 7(21.21) 1(3.70) 3 1(3.03) 0(0.00) 4 11(33.33) 19(70.37) 5 11(33.33) 7(25.93) 茶种植知识变化
Changes in tea growing knowledge1 8(24.24) 0(0.00) 0.019* 2 19(57.58) 24(88.89) 3 0(0.00) 1(3.70) 4 4(12.12) 2(7.41) 5 2(6.06) 0(0.00) 茶种植制度变化
Changes in the tea plantation system1 32(96.97) 21(77.78) 0.021* 2 1(3.03) 6(22.22) *表示P<0.05水平差异显著; **表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。* represents significant differences at P<0.05 level; ** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. The value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in that classification of the total respondents. 表 6 不同茶园类型农户对景观基因变化满意度的差异
Table 6. Differences in the satisfaction with landscape genetic changes among farmers with different tea plantation types
景观基因类型
Landscape genotype题目
Subject满意度
Satisfaction户数
Households numberP 高山茶
High altitude tea低山茶
Low altitude tea生态基因
Ecological gene山地、台地生态环境变化
Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems1 0(0.00) 1(3.70) 0.022* 2 0(0.00) 6(22.22) 3 1(3.03) 2(7.41) 4 12(36.36) 9(33.33) 5 20(60.61) 9(33.33) 河流流域变化
Changes in river basin area1 2(6.06) 0(0.00) 0.013* 2 14(42.42) 4(14.81) 3 5(15.15) 5(18.52) 4 10(30.30) 8(29.63) 5 2(6.06) 10(37.04) 河流水量变化
Changes in river flows1 2(6.06) 0(0.00) 0.013* 2 14(42.42) 4(14.81) 3 5(15.15) 5(18.52) 4 10(30.30) 8(29.63) 5 2(6.06) 10(37.04) 古茶园面积变化
Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations1 8(24.24) 0(0.00) 0.000** 2 2(6.06) 20(74.07) 4 12(36.36) 7(25.93) 5 11(33.33) 0(0.00) 古茶园数量变化
Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations2 8(24.24) 0(0.00) 0.000** 3 2(6.06) 20(74.07) 4 12(36.36) 7(25.93) 5 11(33.33) 0(0.00) 茶园数量变化
Changes in the number of tea plantations2 0(0.00) 6(22.22) 0.032* 3 1(3.03) 1(3.70) 4 24(72.73) 13(48.15) 5 8(24.24) 7(25.93) 茶园环境变化
Changes in the environment of tea plantations2 0(0.00) 8(29.63) 0.002** 3 0(0.00) 2(7.41) 4 12(36.36) 8(29.63) 5 21(63.64) 9(33.33) 生活基因
Living gene信仰崇拜变化
Changes in worship3 5(15.15) 6(22.22) 0.031* 4 16(48.48) 19(70.37) 5 12(36.36) 2(7.41) *表示P<0.05水平差异显著; **表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。* represents significant differences at P<0.05 level; ** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. The value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total respondents. 表 7 不同生计方式的农户对景观基因变化感知的差异
Table 7. Differences in the perception of landscape genetic change among farmers with different livelihood strategies
景观基因类型
Landscape genotype题目
Subject感知程度
Level of perception户数
Households numberP 种茶农民
Tea farmers种茶农民/其他
Tea farmers / others其他
Others生态基因
Ecological gene山地、台地面积变化
Changes in mountain / terrace area1 2(4.35) 3(33.33) 0(0.00) 0.039* 2 21(45.65) 3(33.33) 3(60.00) 3 1(2.17) 0(0.00) 1(20.00) 4 18(39.13) 2(22.22) 0(0.00) 5 4(8.70) 1(11.11) 1(20.00) *表示P<0.05水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。 * represents significant differences at P<0.05 level. The value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total respondents. 表 8 不同生计策略农户在景观基因变化满意度中的差异
Table 8. Differences in the satisfaction with changes in landscape genetics among farmers with different livelihood strategies
景观基因类型
Landscape genotype题目
Subject满意度
Satisfaction户数
Households numberP 种茶农民
Tea farmers种茶农民/其他
Tea farmers / others其他
Others生产基因
Production gene茶种植工具变化
Changes in the tools of tea growing2 1(2.17) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0.001** 3 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(20.00) 4 27(58.70) 1(11.11) 4(80.00) 5 18(39.13) 8(88.89) 0(0.00) **表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. Value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total respondents. 表 9 不同收入农户对景观基因变化感知的差异
Table 9. Differences in the perception of landscape genetic changes in the landscape by farmers with different incomes
景观基因类型
Landscape genotype题目
Subject感知程度
Level of perception户数 Households number P ≤50
(×104 ¥)51~100
(×104 ¥)101~200
(×104 ¥)201~300
(×104 ¥)≥301
(×104 ¥)生态基因
Ecological gene山地、台地生态环境变化
Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems2 3(15.00) 2(18.18) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(14.29) 0.032* 3 2(10.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(9.09) 0(0.00) 4 14(70.00) 7(63.64) 3(33.33) 3(27.27) 2(28.57) 5 1(5.00) 2(18.18) 6(66.67) 7(63.64) 4(57.14) 河流流域变化
Changes in river basin area1 5(25.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(9.09) 0(0.00) 0.048* 2 7(35.00) 3(27.27) 1(11.11) 1(9.09) 2(28.57) 3 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 0(0.00) 1(14.29) 4 6(30.00) 7(63.64) 3(33.33) 3(27.27) 3(42.86) 5 2(10.00) 1(9.09) 4(44.44) 6(54.55) 1(14.29) 河流水量变化
Changes in river flows1 5(25.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(9.09) 0(0.00) 0.048* 2 7(35.00) 3(27.27) 1(11.11) 1(9.09) 2(28.57) 3 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 0(0.00) 1(14.29) 4 6(30.00) 7(63.64) 3(33.33) 3(27.27) 3(42.86) 5 2(10.00) 1(9.09) 4(44.44) 6(54.55) 1(14.29) 古茶园面积变化
Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations1 19(95.00) 4(36.36) 2(22.22) 5(45.45) 1(14.29) 0.000** 2 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 3(33.33) 4(36.36) 2(28.57) 3 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 1(9.09) 1(14.29) 4 0(0.00) 3(27.27) 3(33.33) 1(9.09) 3(42.86) 5 0(0.00) 4(36.36) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 古茶园数量变化
Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations1 19(95.00) 4(36.36) 2(22.22) 5(45.45) 1(14.29) 0.000** 2 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 3(33.33) 4(36.36) 2(28.57) 3 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 1(9.09) 1(14.29) 4 0(0.00) 3(27.27) 3(33.33) 1(9.09) 3(42.86) 5 0(0.00) 4(36.36) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 茶园环境变化
Changes in the environment of tea plantations2 3(15.00) 2(18.18) 2(22.22) 1(9.09) 1(14.29) 0.005** 3 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 4 15(75.00) 9(81.82) 1(11.11) 3(27.27) 2(28.57) 5 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 6(66.67) 7(63.64) 4(57.14) 村庄面积变化
Changes in the size of villages1 4(20.00) 2(18.18) 1(11.11) 2(18.18) 1(14.29) 0.010* 2 16(80.00) 4(36.36) 7(77.78) 7(63.64) 5(71.43) 4 0(0.00) 5(45.45) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(14.29) 5 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 2(18.18) 0(0.00) 生产基因
Production gene茶种植工具变化
Changes in the tools of tea growing1 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(9.09) 0(0.00) 0.026* 2 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 3(27.27) 1(14.29) 3 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(14.29) 4 14(70.00) 9(81.82) 3(33.33) 1(9.09) 4(57.14) 5 5(25.00) 2(18.18) 5(55.56) 6(54.55) 1(14.29) 茶种植技术变化
Changes in tea growing techniques1 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 2(22.22) 1(9.09) 0(0.00) 0.007** 2 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 2(18.18) 3(42.86) 3 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(14.29) 4 14(70.00) 9(81.82) 3(33.33) 2(18.18) 2(28.57) 5 5(25.00) 2(18.18) 3(33.33) 6(54.55) 1(14.29) 茶种植知识变化
Changes in tea growing knowledge1 0(0.00) 1(9.09) 2(22.22) 3(27.27) 2(28.57) 0.010* 2 18(90.00) 10(90.91) 6(66.67) 6(54.55) 2(28.57) 3 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 4 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 0(0.00) 3(42.86) 5 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 2(18.18) 0(0.00) *表示P<0.05水平差异显著; **表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查者占总人数的百分比。* represents significant differences at P<0.05 level; ** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. The value in bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total respondents. 表 10 不同收入农户对景观基因变化满意度感知的差异
Table 10. Differences in the satisfaction with changes in landscape genetics among farmers with different incomes
景观基因类型
Landscape genotype题目
Subject满意度
Satisfaction户数 Households number P 50
(×104 ¥)51~100
(×104 ¥)101~200
(×104 ¥)201~300
(×104 ¥)≥301
(×104 ¥)生态基因
Ecological gene山地、台地生态环境变化
Changes in mountain / terrace ecosystems1 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0.047* 2 6(30.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 3 2(10.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(9.09) 0(0.00) 4 6(30.00) 7(63.64) 2(22.22) 2(18.18) 4(57.14) 5 5(25.00) 4(36.36) 7(77.78) 8(72.73) 3(42.86) 古茶园面积变化
Changes in the area of ancient tea plantations2 0(0.00) 5(45.45) 1(11.11) 1(9.09) 1(14.29) 0.000** 3 15(75.00) 3(27.27) 2(22.22) 1(9.09) 1(14.29) 4 5(25.00) 3(27.27) 5(55.56) 4(36.36) 2(28.57) 5 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 5(45.45) 3(42.86) 古茶园数量变化
Changes in the number of ancient tea plantations2 0(0.00) 5(45.45) 1(11.11) 1(9.09) 1(14.29) 0.000** 3 15(75.00) 3(27.27) 2(22.22) 1(9.09) 1(14.29) 4 5(25.00) 3(27.27) 5(55.56) 4(36.36) 2(28.57) 5 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(11.11) 5(45.45) 3(42.86) 茶园环境变化
Changes in the environment of tea plantations2 8(40.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0.000** 3 2(10.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 4 3(15.00) 9(81.82) 3(33.33) 2(18.18) 3(42.86) 5 7(35.00) 2(18.18) 6(66.67) 9(81.82) 4(57.14) 生产基因
Production gene茶种植技术变化
Changes in tea growing techniques2 1(5.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0.016* 3 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 2(28.57) 4 12(60.00) 7(63.64) 6(66.67) 2(18.18) 3(42.86) 5 7(35.00) 4(36.36) 3(33.33) 9(81.82) 2(28.57) 生活基因
Living gene信仰崇拜变化
Changes in worship3 4(20.00) 1(9.09) 2(22.22) 2(18.18) 2(28.57) 0.027* 4 15(75.00) 9(81.82) 6(66.67) 4(36.36) 1(14.29) 5 1(5.00) 1(9.09) 1(11.11) 5(45.45) 4(57.14) *表示P<0.05水平差异显著; **表示P<0.01水平差异显著。括号内数值表示该分类的被调查人数占总人数的百分比。* represents significant differences at P<0.05 level; ** represents significant differences at P<0.01 level. The value in the bracket is the percentage of respondents in the classification of the total f respondents. -
[1] 闵庆文, 孙业红. 农业文化遗产的概念、特点与保护要求[J]. 资源科学, 2009, 31(6): 914−918MIN Q W, SUN Y H. The concept, characteristics and conservation requirements of agro-cultural heritage[J]. Resources Science, 2009, 31(6): 914−918 [2] 闵庆文, 骆世明, 曹幸穗, 等. 农业文化遗产: 连接过去与未来的桥梁[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2022, 39(5): 856−868MIN Q W, LUO S M, CAO X S, et al. Agri-cultural heritage: a bridge between past and the future[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2022, 39(5): 856−868 [3] 吴灿, 王梦琪. 农业文化遗产景观美学的构成与自洽−以紫鹊界梯田为例[J]. 文艺论坛, 2022(4): 106−113WU C, WANG M Q. The composition and self-consistency of the aesthetics of agricultural cultural heritage landscapes: the example of the Ziquejie Terrace[J]. Literature and Art Forum, 2022(4): 106−113 [4] 赵荣. 人文地理学[M]. 2版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006ZHAO R. Human Geography[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006 [5] 鲍青青, 钟泓, 谭燕瑜, 等. 中国南方稻作梯田农业文化遗产地文化景观基因特征−以广西龙胜龙脊梯田为例[J]. 社会科学家, 2021(10): 74−79BAO Q Q, ZHONG H, TAN Y Y, et al. Genetic characteristics of cultural landscape in agricultural cultural heritage sites of rice terraces in south China — A case study of Longji Terrace in Longsheng, Guangxi[J]. Social Scientist, 2021(10): 74−79 [6] 吴福平, 李亚楠. 文化基因概念、理论及学术史批判[J]. 深圳社会科学, 2020(6): 96−103, 122WU F P, LI Y N. A criticism of cultural gene concept, theory and academic history[J]. Social Sciences in Shenzhen, 2020(6): 96−103, 122 [7] TAYLOR G. Environment, village and city: a genetic approach to urban geography; with some reference to possibilism[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1942, 32(1): 1−67 doi: 10.1080/00045604209357229 [8] 王恩涌. 漫谈风水−兼论俞孔坚教授新作《生物与文化基因上的图式−风水与理想景观》的深层意义[J]. 中学地理教学参考, 1998(Z2): 82−84WANG E Y. Ramblings on Feng Shui−Annotation on the deeper meaning of Professor Yu Kongjian’s new work “Patterns on Biological and Cultural Genes−Feng Shui and Ideal Landscapes”[J]. Secondary School Geography Teaching Reference, 1998(Z2): 82−84 [9] 刘沛林. 古村落文化景观的基因表达与景观识别[J]. 衡阳师范学院学报, 2003, 24(4): 1−8LIU P L. The gene expression and the sight identification of the ancient villages’ cultural landscape[J]. Journal of Hengyang Normal University, 2003, 24(4): 1−8 [10] 刘沛林, 刘春腊, 邓运员, 等. 中国传统聚落景观区划及景观基因识别要素研究[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(12): 1496−1506LIU P L, LIU C L, DENG Y Y, et al. Landscape division of traditional settlement and effect elements of landscape gene in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(12): 1496−1506 [11] 蒋思珩, 樊亚明, 郑文俊. 国内景观基因理论及其应用研究进展[J]. 西部人居环境学刊, 2021, 36(1): 84−91JIANG S H, FAN Y M, ZHENG W J. Research progress on landscape’s gene theory and its utilization in China[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2021, 36(1): 84−91 [12] 李世芬, 况源, 王佳林, 等. 渤海南域乡村民居建筑基因识别与图谱研究[J]. 建筑学报, 2022(S1): 219−224LI S F, KUANG Y, WANG J L, et al. Genetic identification and mapping of rural residential architecture in the southern Bohai Sea[J]. Journal of Architecture, 2022(S1): 219−224 [13] 王成, 钟泓, 粟维斌. 聚落文化景观基因识别与谱系构建−以桂北侗族传统村落为例[J]. 社会科学家, 2022(2): 50−55WANG C, ZHONG H, SU W B. Genetic identification and pedigree construction of settlement cultural landscape — A case study of Dong traditional villages in northern Guangxi[J]. Social Scientist, 2022(2): 50−55 [14] 郑文武, 李伯华, 刘沛林, 等. 湖南省传统村落景观群系基因识别与分区[J]. 经济地理, 2021, 41(5): 204−212 doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2021.05.022ZHENG W W, LI B H, LIU P L, et al. Gene identification and zoning of traditional village landscape groups in Hunan Province[J]. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(5): 204−212 doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2021.05.022 [15] 梁琰, 王红崧. 元阳哈尼梯田农业文化遗产景观基因的挖掘和数字化表达[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2021(2): 17−22LIANG Y, WANG H S. Extraction and digital expression of landscape genes of agricultural cultural heritage in Yuanyang Hani Terrace[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University (Natural Sciences), 2021(2): 17−22 [16] 李伯华, 刘敏, 刘沛林, 等. 景观基因信息链视角的传统村落风貌特征研究−以上甘棠村为例[J]. 人文地理, 2020, 35(4): 40−47LI B H, LIU M, LIU P L, et al. Research on the characteristics of traditional village style from the perspective of landscape genetic information chain: a case study of Shanggantang Village[J]. Human Geography, 2020, 35(4): 40−47 [17] 胡最, 闵庆文, 刘沛林. 农业文化遗产的文化景观特征识别探索−以紫鹊界、上堡和联合梯田系统为例[J]. 经济地理, 2018, 38(2): 180−187HU Z, MIN Q W, LIU P L. Identification on cultural landscape of traditional rice terraces in the southern area of China[J]. Economic Geography, 2018, 38(2): 180−187 [18] 向远林, 曹明明, 翟洲燕, 等. 陕西窑洞传统乡村聚落景观基因组图谱构建及特征分析[J]. 人文地理, 2019, 34(6): 82−90XIANG Y L, CAO M M, ZHAI Z Y, et al. The landscape genome maps construction and characteristics analysis of Shaanxi traditional rural cave dwelling settlements[J]. Human Geography, 2019, 34(6): 82−90 [19] 饶滴滴, 刘某承, 闵庆文. 农业文化遗产系统景观要素分析的思考[J]. 自然与文化遗产研究, 2019, 4(11): 53−56RAO D D, LIU M C, MIN Q W. Thoughts on the analysis of landscape elements in agricultural heritage systems[J]. Study on Natural and Cultural Heritage, 2019, 4(11): 53−56 [20] 白碧珍, 曹藩荣. 潮州凤凰单丛古树茶的生产概况[J]. 广东茶业, 2019, 165(3): 2−3BAI B Z, CAO F R. Production profile of Phoenix monocotyledonous old tree tea in Chaozhou[J]. Guangdong Tea Industry, 2019, 165(3): 2−3 [21] 隆铭, 柯定国. 中国凤凰单丛[M]. 汕头: 汕头大学出版社, 2022LONG M, KE D G. Phoenix Monocarpa in China[M]. Shantou: Shantou University Press, 2022 [22] 郑荣光. 饶平茶业三百年[M]. 广州: 广东人民出版社, 2010ZHENG R G. Three Hundred Years of Raoping Tea Industry[M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong People’s Publishing House, 2010 [23] 刘沛林. 中国传统聚落景观基因图谱的构建与应用研究[D]. 北京: 北京大学, 2011LIU P L. The construction and application of a landscape gene map of traditional Chinese settlements[D]. Beijing: Peking University, 2011 [24] 曹帅强, 邓运员, 杨载田, 等. 客家文化景观基因特征−以湖南省炎陵县为例[J]. 热带地理, 2014, 34(6): 831−841 doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002631CAO S Q, DENG Y Y, YANG Z T, et al. Genetic characteristics of Hakka cultural landscape: a case study of Yanling, Hunan[J]. Tropical Geography, 2014, 34(6): 831−841 doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002631 [25] 杨波, 何露, 闵庆文. 文化景观视角下的农业文化遗产认知与保护研究−以云南双江勐库古茶园与茶文化系统为例[J]. 原生态民族文化学刊, 2020, 12(5): 110−116YANG B, HE L, MIN Q W. Cognition and protection of agricultural heritage from the per-spective of cultural landscape: a case study of the ancient tea garden and tea cultural system in Shuangjiang, Yunnan[J]. Journal of Original Ecological National Culture, 2020, 12(5): 110−116 -