不同水分传感器在河北平原典型土壤中的测量准确度对比

张麒昆; 闵雷雷; 王玉才; 朱一丁; 贾明磊; 孙楷雯; 沈彦俊

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230179

不同水分传感器在河北平原典型土壤中的测量准确度对比

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230179

张麒昆^{1, 2,},
闵雷雷^{1, 2, ,},
王玉才¹,
朱一丁^{2, 3},
贾明磊^{1, 2},
孙楷雯^{1, 2},
沈彦俊^{1, 2}

1.
甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院　兰州　730070
2.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室　石家庄　050022
3.
河北师范大学地理科学学院　石家庄　050024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41877169, 41930865)、河北省创新能力提升计划项目(225A4201D)和河北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(D2021503001)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
张麒昆, 研究方向为土壤水文。E-mail: 597668693@qq.com

通讯作者:
闵雷雷, 研究方向为农田关键带水文过程。E-mail: llmin@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号: S152.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-06
- 录用日期: 2023-06-16
- 修回日期: 2023-06-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-10

Accuracies of soil moisture sensors in typical soils in the Hebei Plain

ZHANG Qikun^{1, 2
,},
MIN Leilei^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Yucai¹,
ZHU Yiding^{2, 3},
JIA Minglei^{1, 2},
SUN Kaiwen^{1, 2},
SHEN Yanjun^{1, 2}

1.
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
3.
School of Geographic Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China

Funds: The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877169, 41930865), the Project for Innovative Capacity Improvement in Hebei Province (225A4201D), and the Project for Innovative Research Group of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (D2021503001).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: llmin@sjziam.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 深入了解不同类型土壤传感器的性能表现对于提高区域土壤含水量测定的准确性具有重要意义。本研究针对河北平原农田土壤, 选择了4种典型土壤质地(粉黏土、粉壤土、砂壤土、砂土), 通过室内试验, 分别研究了5个不同容重(1.40 g∙cm⁻³、1.45 g∙cm⁻³、1.50 g∙cm⁻³、1.55 g∙cm⁻³、1.60 g∙cm⁻³)下5种常见土壤水分传感器(TDR315H、CS655、5TE、Teros12、Hydra Probe Ⅱ)测定含水量的准确度。研究发现: 1)在本试验条件下, 未经标定的TDR315H、CS655、Teros12、Hydra Probe Ⅱ的测量准确度较高, 测量误差基本不超过0.03 cm³∙cm⁻³, 其中TDR315H的性能表现最好; 2) 5种类型传感器在粗质土壤中的误差大于细质地土壤, 土壤质地对传感器测量准确度的影响远大于土壤容重; 3)土壤含水量对传感器的测定准确度也会产生显著影响, 随着含水量的变化, 测量误差也随之发生变化, 且可能存在使传感器测量准确度发生显著变化的含水量阈值。总体而言, 在未进行标定的前提下, TDR315H有望直接应用于河北平原农田田间土壤含水量监测。本研究可为土壤含水量监测中的传感器选型提供重要参考。
- 土壤水分传感器 /
- 测量准确度 /
- 土壤质地 /
- 土壤容重 /
- 土壤水分
Abstract: Soil moisture is an essential factor for the growth of crops and plants, and the measurement of soil moisture is the basis of research on agriculture, hydrology, environment, and soil and water conservation. Compared with traditional methods of soil moisture measurement, the main measurement methods currently used are different types of soil moisture sensors. Research on soil moisture sensors is mostly based on the comparative study of foreign soil, and research on the adaptability of sensors by foreign manufacturers in domestic soil is limited. The factors considered in previous studies are usually limited to soil temperature, soil salinity, and soil texture types, and few texture types have been considered. Thus more research is required on more factors and soil texture types. An in-depth understanding of the performance of different types of soil sensors is crucial for improving the accuracy of regional soil water content measurements. Therefore, to explore the measurement performance of different types of sensors in typical soils of the Hebei Plain, five types of soil moisture sensors that are widely used worldwide were selected in this study, and the influence of soil texture and bulk density on their measurement accuracy was investigated. Four typical soil textures (silty clay, silt loam, sandy loam, and sand) were selected to study the accuracy of five common soil moisture sensors (TDR315H, CS655, 5TE, Teros12, and Hydra Probe Ⅱ) under five different bulk density conditions (1.40 g·cm⁻³, 1.45 g·cm⁻³, 1.50 g·cm⁻³, 1.55 g·cm⁻³, and 1.60 g·cm⁻³). The results showed the following: 1) Under the experimental conditions, the measurement accuracy of uncalibrated TDR315H, CS655, Teros12, and Hydra Probe Ⅱ was high, the measurement error was less than 0.03 cm³·cm⁻³, and the performance of TDR315H was the best. 2) Generally speaking, the errors of five types of sensors in coarser soil were greater than those in finer soil, and the influence of soil texture on the measurement accuracy of sensors was far greater than that of soil bulk density. 3) The soil moisture content also had a significant impact on the accuracy of the sensor. With a change in soil moisture content, the measurement error also changed, and there may be a threshold of soil moisture content (such as 0.3 cm³∙cm⁻³ in this study) that made the measurement accuracy of the sensor change significantly. In general, without calibration, TDR315H is expected to be directly applied in field measurements of soil water content in agricultural land in the Hebei Plain. This study provides an important reference for sensor selection in soil moisture monitoring.
- Soil moisture sensor /
- Measurement accuracy /
- Soil texture /
- Soil bulk density /
- Soil moisture

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图 1 土壤质地对5种类型传感器含水量测量值的影响

Figure 1. Influence of soil texture on water content measured by five types of sensors

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图 2 5种类型传感器在4种土壤质地下含水量的测量误差箱式图

Figure 2. Boxcharts of water content measurement errors by 5 types of sensors under 4 soil textures

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图 3 容重(BD)对5种类型传感器测定粉黏土含水量的影响

Figure 3. Effects of bulk density (BD) on water content of silty clay soil measured by 5 types of sensors

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图 4 容重(BD)对5种类型传感器测定砂土含水量的影响

Figure 4. Effects of bulk density (BD) on water content of sand measured by 5 types of sensors

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图 5 不同土壤类型含水量对5种类型传感器测定含水量误差的影响

Figure 5. Influence of water content of different soil types on soil water measurement errors by 5 types of sensors

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表 1 供试土壤的主要理化性质

Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of the tested soil

土壤编号 Number	采样地点 Sampling location	土壤质地 Soil texture	采样深度 Depth (cm)	容重 Soil bulk density (g∙cm⁻³)	有机质 Organic matter (g∙kg⁻¹)	pH	含盐量 Salinity (g∙kg⁻¹)
1	黄骅 Huanghua	粉黏土 Silty clay	100~120	1.54	7.334	9.41	2.269
2	新乐 Xinle	砂土 Sand	0~20	1.35	3.534	9.21	0.449
3	栾城 Luancheng	粉壤土 Silt loam	160~180	1.61	6.414	9.02	0.465
4	栾城 Luancheng	砂壤土 Sandy loam	40~80	1.41	5.096	9.02	0.618
土壤质地分类参照美国农业部(USDA)的分类标准^[24]。Soil textures were defined according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) classification system^[24].

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表 2 试验测试的5种类型传感器的探针数、探针长度、分辨率和测量范围

Table 2. Probes number, probe length, resolution and measurement range of the 5 types of sensors in the experiment

传感器 Sensor	探针数 Number of probes	探针长度 Probe length (cm)	分辨率 Resolution (cm³∙cm⁻³)	测量体积 Measuring volume (cm³)
TDR315H (Acclima Inc.)	3	15	0.001	200^*
Teros12 (Meter Group)	3	5.5	0.001	1000
CS655 (Campbell Scientific Inc.)	2	12	0.0005	3600
Hydra Probe Ⅱ (Stevens Water Monitoring Systems Inc.)	3	5.6	0.001	40.3^*
5TE (Decagon Devices)	3	5	0.0008	NA
表示根据官方技术手册中相关数据计算获得的测量体积; NA表示在官方技术手册中未查询到相关数据。 indicates that the measured volume is calculated according to the official technical manual; NA indicates that the relevant data is not provided in the official technical manual.

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表 3 5种类型传感器在不同质地类型土壤中的含水量测量准确性[平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)]

Table 3. Mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) between water contents measured by 5 types of sensors and true values of different types of soil

cm³·cm⁻³
传感器 Sensor	粉黏土 Silty clay		粉壤土 Silt loam		砂壤土 Sandy loam		砂土 Sand		综合表现 Overall performance		官方技术手册中的准确度 Accuracy in technical manual
传感器 Sensor	MAE	RMSE	MAE	RMSE	MAE	RMSE	MAE	RMSE	MAE	RMSE	官方技术手册中的准确度 Accuracy in technical manual
TDR315H (Acclima Inc.)	0.012	0.017	0.005	0.007	0.008	0.010	0.011	0.011	0.009	0.013	0.025
Teros12 (Meter Group)	0.018	0.021	0.013	0.017	0.035	0.041	0.012	0.015	0.025	0.032	0.03
CS655 (Campbell Scientific Inc.)	0.018	0.021	0.020	0.024	0.015	0.020	0.049	0.054	0.026	0.029	大部分土壤0.01, 细质地土壤0.03 0.03 in fine textured soil, 0.01 in other soil types
Hydra Probe Ⅱ (Stevens Water Monitoring Systems Inc.)	0.020	0.023	0.030	0.032	0.027	0.031	0.027	0.030	0.020	0.026	0.03
5TE (Decagon Devices)	0.064	0.067	0.048	0.054	0.065	0.073	0.102	0.119	0.069	0.081	0.03

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