花生青枯病及其土壤微生态调控研究进展

方向阳; 禹桃兵; 杨磊; 臧华栋; 曾昭海; 杨亚东

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230189

花生青枯病及其土壤微生态调控研究进展

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230189

中国农业大学农学院　北京　100193

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2300803)和国家自然科学基金项目(31901470, 31671640)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
方向阳, 主要从事植物-土壤-微生物相互作用研究。E-mail: xyyyyyy399@163.com

通讯作者:
杨亚东, 主要从事植物-土壤-微生物相互作用研究。E-mail: yadong_tracy@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号: S565.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-12
- 录用日期: 2023-08-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-17

Research progress of bacterial wilt and its soil micro-ecological regulation in peanut

College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2022YFD2300803) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901470, 31671640).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: yadong_tracy@cau.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的青枯病是世界范围内广泛传播、危害严重且难以防治的毁灭性土传病害之一。花生是我国重要的油料和经济作物, 也是青枯病危害严重的作物之一。近年来, 连续种植导致花生青枯病发生进一步加剧, 严重威胁了花生产业的发展。本文以花生青枯病的危害及其土壤微生态调控为切入点, 梳理了花生青枯病的发生现状、病原菌概况、发生条件与作用机制以及主要危害与防治措施等。首先, 对茄科雷尔氏菌的分类方法和致病机理进行了系统、完整地梳理, 总结了茄科雷尔氏菌的4种主流分类方法, 并绘制了其发病机制图解。其次, 我们重点从土壤微环境、土壤微生物两个方面分析了花生连作和青枯病发病土壤区系特征, 并提出相应的土壤微生态调控对策, 包括调控土壤理化性质、调控土壤养分、施用化学与生物农药、引入生防菌株等。最后, 我们对基于土壤微生态调控的花生青枯病可持续防治进行展望, 旨在为花生青枯病防治及花生产业的高质量发展提供参考。
- 连作障碍 /
- 花生青枯病 /
- 茄科雷尔氏菌 /
- 土壤微生态 /
- 可持续发展
Abstract: Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a destructive soil-borne disease that is present worldwide. It is wide spread, extremely harmful, and difficult to control. Peanut is an important oil source and cash crop in China, and it has been seriously damaged by bacterial wilt. In recent years, the damage of peanut caused by bacterial wilt has been further aggravated by continuous cropping, which seriously threatens the development of the peanut industry. In this review, we considered the harm caused by bacterial wilt in peanuts, its soil micro-ecological characteristics, and control methods as the starting point; and summarized the occurrence, pathogenic bacteria, pathogenesis, and control measures of bacterial wilt in peanuts. First, we systematically and comprehensively summarized four classification methods for R. solanacearum and concluded the pathogenesis of bacterial wilt in peanuts. Second, based on the common soil characteristics of continuous cropping and bacterial wilt in peanuts, we analyzed the soil microenvironment and microorganisms and proposed corresponding soil micro-ecological regulation countermeasures, including soil physicochemical property regulation, soil nutrient regulation, chemical and biological pesticide addition, and use of biocontrol strains. Finally, we presented prospects for the sustainable control of bacterial wilt in peanuts based on soil micro-ecological regulations, aiming to provide references for the control of bacterial wilt in peanuts and high-quality development of the peanut industry.
- Continuous cropping obstacle /
- Peanut bacterial wilt /
- Ralstonia solanacearum /
- Soil micro-ecology /
- Sustainable development

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图 1 花生青枯病发病机制

Figure 1. Pathogenesis of peanut bacterial wilt

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 土壤微生态调控防治花生连作障碍和青枯病

Figure 2. Control of peanut continuous cropping obstacles and bacterial wilt based on soil micro-ecological regulation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 茄科雷尔氏菌的分类

Table 1. Division of Ralstonia solanacearum

方法 Method	名称 Name	分支 Branch	依据 Basis
1	生理小种 Physiological race	生理小种1、生理小种2、生理小种3、生理小种4、生理小种5 Physiological race 1, Physiological race 2, Physiological race 3, Physiological race 4, Physiological race 5	病原菌侵染寄主的范围^[18] Range of host plants infected by Ralstonia solanacearum^[18]
2	生化变种 Physiological biovar	生化变种I、生化变种Ⅱ、生化变种Ⅲ、生化变种Ⅳ、生化变种Ⅴ Physiological biovar I, Physiological biovar Ⅱ, Physiological biovar Ⅲ, Physiological biovar Ⅳ, Physiological biovar Ⅴ	病原菌对3种二糖(麦芽糖、乳糖、纤维二糖)的利用能力和对3种己醇(甘露醇、卫矛醇、山梨醇)的氧化产酸能力^[20] Utilization ability of R. solanacearum to three disaccharides (maltose, lactose, cellobiose) and oxidative acid production ability to three ethanol (mannitol, galactitol, sorbitol)^[20]
3	地理种系演化型 Phylotype of geographical lineage	亚洲型、美洲型、非洲型、印尼型 Asiaticum, Americanum, Africanum, Indonesian	采用地理种系系统方法, 综合病原菌的进化特征、地理起源、分子指纹技术和系统发生学^[22] Using the method of geographical lineage phylogeny with the evolutionary characteristics, geographical origin, molecular fingerprint technology and phylogenetics of R. solanacearum^[22]
4	遗传差异演化型 Phylotype of genetic differences	演化型I、演化型Ⅱ、演化型Ⅲ、演化型Ⅳ Phylotype I, Phylotype Ⅱ, Phylotype Ⅲ, Phylotype Ⅳ	依据病原菌的遗传物质结构和功能, 从种、演化型、序列变种和克隆4个水平划分^[23] According to the genetic material structure and function of R. solanacearum, it is divided into four levels: species, phylotype, sequevar, and clone^[23]

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