盐胁迫对食用型向日葵现蕾期叶片光合性能与冠层结构的影响

董睿潇; 王永庆; 王鑫博; 李玉义; 王希全; 张宏媛; 宋佳珅; 于茹; 逄焕成; 王婧

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230227

盐胁迫对食用型向日葵现蕾期叶片光合性能与冠层结构的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230227

北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所　北京　100081

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901002)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(Y2021YJ20)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
董睿潇, 主要研究方向为盐碱地障碍耕地改良。E-mail: 82101212106@caas.cn

通讯作者:
王婧, 主要研究方向为盐碱障碍耕地改良。E-mail: wangjing02@caas.cn

中图分类号: S156.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-27
- 录用日期: 2023-09-12
- 修回日期: 2023-09-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-07

Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics and canopy structure of edible sunflower leaves at budding stage

State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China (the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFD1901002) and the Basic Research Funds for Public Research Institutes of the Central Government (Y2021YJ20).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: wangjing02@caas.cn

摘要

摘要: 为探明不同程度盐胁迫对现蕾期食用型向日葵(下称“食葵”)光合作用的影响, 测定分析轻度(全盐量1.00 g∙kg⁻¹, LS)、中度(全盐量2.68 g∙kg⁻¹, MS)和重度(全盐量4.93 g∙kg⁻¹, HS)盐胁迫下, 现蕾期食葵不同叶位叶片的光合性能和冠层结构参数。结果表明, 盐胁迫降低了食葵叶片的净光合速率(P_n), 其中MS和HS处理的P_n最大值较LS分别降低5.09%和37.16%, 并减少了具有较高光合速率的叶片数量。盐胁迫降低了食葵顶叶的P_n, MS、HS处理的食葵顶叶P_n最大值较LS分别降低8.07%、14.35%。LS处理的光合速率受到气孔和非气孔双重因素的影响, 而MS、HS处理主要受非气孔因素的影响。盐胁迫改变了食葵的株型, LS处理的冠层结构呈宝塔型, 而MS和HS处理的冠层结构分别呈平展型和圆柱体型。盐胁迫会减小食葵总叶面积和主要功能叶面积, 其中HS处理的总叶面积较LS、MS处理分别降低56.03%、47.74%, HS处理的最大单叶面积较LS、MS处理分别降低38.71%、49.46%; 同时增大叶倾角, HS处理的叶倾角最大值与LS、MS处理相比分别提高30.92%、14.59%。总之, 盐胁迫会明显降低食葵主要功能叶片的光合性能和叶面积, 并使其冠层结构由伸展型向收缩型变化, 进而抑制植株正常生长。
- 食用型向日葵 /
- 盐胁迫 /
- 光合速率 /
- 冠层结构
Abstract: To explore the effects of salt-stress degree on the photosynthesis of edible sunflowers (hereinafter referred to as 'Shikui') at budding stage, the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and its canopy structure were obtained from three degrees of salt stress classed by lower (LS), medium (MS) and higher (HS) total dissolved solids values (1.00, 2.68 and 4.93 g∙kg⁻¹, respectively). The results showed that the three salt-stress treatments dramatically decreased net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of leaves and reduced the number of leaves those with a higher P_n. Compared to the LS treatment, the maximum P_n in the MS and HS treatments decreased by 5.09% and 37.16%, respectively. In addition, salt stress reduced the P_n of the top leaves, and the maximum P_n values of the top leaves in the MS and HS treatments were 8.07% and 14.35% lower than that in the LS treatment, respectively. The P_n of all leaves was mainly affected by the synergistic effect of stomatal and non-stomatal factors in the LS treatment, while it was mainly affected by non-stomatal factors in the MS and HS treatments. Meanwhile, salt stress changed the plant type of edible sunflowers. The LS treatment showed a pagoda shape; however, the canopy structure of the MS and HS treatments showed a flat and cylindrical shape, respectively. Salt stress reduced the total leaf area and main functional leaf area of edible sunflower. Compared to the LS and MS treatments, the total leaf area of the HS treatment decreased by 56.03% and 47.74%, and the maximum single leaf area of the HS treatment also decreased by 38.71 % and 49.46 %, respectively. In contrast, the maximum leaf inclination angle of the HS treatment increased by 30.92% and 14.59% than those of the LS and MS treatments, respectively. In conclusion, salt stress can significantly reduce the photosynthetic performance and leaf area of the main functional leaves of edible sunflowers, causing the canopy structure to change from an extension type to a contraction type, thereby inhibiting normal plant growth.
- Edible Sunflower /
- Salt stress /
- Photosynthetic rate /
- Canopy structure

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图 1 盐胁迫下食葵不同叶位叶片的净光合速率

Figure 1. Net photosynthetic rate of sunflower leaves at different positions under salt stress

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图 2 盐胁迫下食葵不同叶位叶片的叶绿素含量

LS: 轻度盐胁迫; MS: 中度盐胁迫; HS: 重度盐胁迫。LS: light salt stress; MS: moderate salt stress; HS: heavy salt stress.

Figure 2. Chlorophyll content of sunflower leaves at different positions under salt stress

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图 3 不同盐分水平下食葵不同叶位叶片光合速率影响因子变化

LS: 轻度盐胁迫; MS: 中度盐胁迫; HS: 重度盐胁迫。LS: light salt stress; MS: moderate salt stress; HS: heavy salt stress.

Figure 3. Changes in influencing factors of photosynthetic rate at different positions of sunflower leaves under different salinity levels

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Figure 4. Daily changes of photosynthetic rate and its affecting factors in the top leaves of sunflower under different salinity levels

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图 5 盐胁迫下食葵不同叶位叶片的叶面积

LS: 轻度盐胁迫; MS: 中度盐胁迫; HS: 重度盐胁迫。LS: Light salt stress; MS: moderate salt stress; HS: heavy salt stress.

Figure 5. Leaf area of sunflower leaves at different positions under salt stress

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图 6 盐胁迫下食葵不同叶位叶片的叶倾角

LS: 轻度盐胁迫; MS: 中度盐胁迫; HS: 重度盐胁迫。LS: Light salt stress; MS: moderate salt stress; HS: heavy salt stress.

Figure 6. Leaf inclination angle of sunflower leaves at different positions under salt stress

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表 1 不同处理土壤的盐分含量

Table 1. Salt content of soil at different treatments

	处理 Treatment	电导率 Conductivity (μS∙cm⁻¹)	全盐量 Total salt (g∙kg⁻¹)	pH
LS	轻度盐胁迫 Light salt stress	313	1.00	7.92
MS	中度盐胁迫 Moderate salt stress	839	2.68	7.84
HS	重度盐胁迫 heavy salt stress	1 542	4.93	9.10

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表 2 不同盐分水平下食葵不同叶位叶片净光合速率与各因素之间的相关系数

Table 2. Correlation coefficients between net photosynthetic rate and its affecting factors at different positions of sunflower leaves under different salinity levels

处理 Treatment	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r)	叶温 Leaf temperature (TL)	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)	气孔限制值 Stomatal limitation value (L_s)	叶面积 Leaf area (LA)
LS	0.819^**	0.666^*	0.920^**	−0.675^*	0.637^*	−0.795^*	0.367
MS	0.865^**	0.639^*	0.922^**	−0.532	0.472	−0.767^*	0.889^*
HS	0.911^**	0.745^*	0.984^**	−0.921^**	0.140	−0.803^**	0.701^*
LS: 轻度盐胁迫; MS: 中度盐胁迫; HS: 重度盐胁迫。^表示在P<0.05水平差异显著, ^表示在P<0.01水平差异显著。LS: Light salt stress; MS: moderate salt stress; HS: heavy salt stress. ^ means significant difference at P<0.05 level, ^** means significant difference at P<0.01 level.

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表 3 不同盐分水平下食葵顶叶净光合速率(P_n)与各因素相关系数比较

Table 3. Comparison of correlation coefficients between net photosynthetic rate and various factors in the top leaves of sunflower under different salinity levels

处理 Treatment	时间 Time	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r)	叶温 Leaf temperature (TL)	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)	气孔限制值 Stomatal limitation value (L_s)
LS	8:00	0.710^*	0.575	0.632	−0.742^*	−0.572	−0.597
	10:00	0.999^**	0.988^**	−0.961^**	−0.995^**	0.983^**	−0.996^**
	12:00	0.914^**	−0.680	0.990^**	−0.902^**	−0.978^**	0.174
	14:00	1.000^**	0.732^*	0.992^**	−0.999^**	−0.901^**	−0.997^**
	16:00	0.826^**	−0.098	0.649	0.540	−0.684	−0.479
	18:00	0.696^*	−0.778^*	0.934^**	0.714^*	−0.945^**	0.603
MS	8:00	−0.900^**	−0.931^**	−0.910^**	0.751^*	−0.436	0.930^**
	10:00	0.196	−0.995^**	−0.964^**	−0.310	−0.898^*	0.996^**
	12:00	0.975^**	0.791^*	0.986^**	−0.955^**	0.930^**	−0.924^**
	14:00	0.915^**	−0.357	0.936^**	−0.111	−0.255	−0.512
	16:00	0.947^**	−0.707^*	0.603	−0.143	−0.740^*	0.453
	18:00	0.910^**	0.599	0.904^**	0.881^*	0.843^*	−0.669^*
HS	8:00	−0.569	−0.988^**	−0.300	0.411	−0.177	0.976^**
	10:00	0.661^*	−0.875^*	−0.801^*	−0.521	−0.458	0.165
	12:00	−0.902^**	0.927^**	0.971^**	−0.910^**	−0.978^**	−0.928^**
	14:00	−0.325	−0.967^**	0.968^**	0.952^**	0.296	0.959^**
	16:00	0.890^*	0.858^*	0.846^*	−0.186	−0.865^*	−0.854^*
	18:00	0.935^**	−0.994^**	0.943^**	0.950^**	−0.929^**	0.969^**
LS: 轻度盐胁迫; MS: 中度盐胁迫; HS: 重度盐胁迫。表示在P<0.05水平差异显著, 表示在P<0.01水平差异显著。LS: Light salt stress; MS: moderate salt stress; HS: heavy salt stress. means significant difference at P<0.05 level, ** means significant difference at P<0.01 level.

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表 4 不同盐分处理下不同时段食葵光合作用主要受到的影响

Table 4. The photosynthesis of sunflower was mainly affected by different salt treatments at different periods

处理 Treatment	时间 Time	影响因子 Impact factor
LS	8:00	G_s, TL
	10:00	G_s, C_i, T_r, TL, PAR,L_s
	12:00	G_s, TL, T_r, PAR
	14:00	G_s, C_i, T_r, TL, PAR,L_s
	16:00	G_s
	18:00	G_s, C_i, T_r, TL, PAR
MS	8:00	G_s, C_i, T_r, TL,L_s
	10:00	C_i, T_r, PAR,L_s
	12:00	G_s, C_i, T_r, TL, PAR,L_s
	14:00	G_s, T_r
	16:00	G_s, C_i, PAR
	18:00	G_s, T_r, TL, PAR, L_s
HS	8:00	C_i,L_s
	10:00	G_s, C_i, Tr
	12:00	G_s, C_i, T_r, TL, PAR,L_s
	14:00	C_i, T_r, TL,L_s
	16:00	G_s, C_i, T_r, PAR,L_s
	18:00	G_s, C_i, T_r, TL, PAR, L_s
LS: 轻度盐胁迫; MS: 中度盐胁迫; HS: 重度盐胁迫。TL: 叶片温度; T_r: 蒸腾速率; C_i: 细胞间隙CO₂浓度; G_s: 气孔导度; L_s: 气孔限制值; PAR光合有效辐射。LS: Light salt stress; MS: moderate salt stress; HS: heavy salt stress. TL: Leaf temperature; Tr: Transpiration rate; C_i: Intercellular CO₂ concentration; G_s: Stomatal conductance; L_s: Stomatal limitation value; PAR: Photosynthetically active radiation.

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