Impact of informatization of agricultural extension services on farmers’ scientific fertilization technology adoption decisions
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摘要: 持续推进科学施肥是实现稳粮保供和生态文明建设的有力支撑。为探寻数字乡村建设背景下促进我国农户科学施肥的有效策略, 本文基于湖北省水稻产区1256份农户调查数据, 利用Heckman两阶段模型, 从“采纳行为” 和“采纳程度”两个方面探讨了农技推广服务信息化对农户科学施肥技术采纳决策的影响; 并运用逐步回归法对农技推广服务信息化影响农户科学施肥技术采纳决策的作用机理进行剖析。研究发现: 1)农技推广服务信息化对农户的科学施肥技术采纳行为和采纳程度均存在显著的正向影响。2)农技推广服务信息化对农户不同类型科学施肥技术采纳行为的影响存在差异。相较于新型肥料施用技术, 农技推广服务信息化对农户采纳高效施肥技术的带动效应更大。3)农技推广服务信息化通过提高效益认知促进农户的科学施肥技术采纳行为, 通过降低风险认知促进农户的科学施肥技术采纳行为和采纳程度。据此, 本文提出要不断丰富信息化服务形式与内容、完善协同推广机制、通过个性化服务和精准推广提升农技推广服务效能等政策建议。Abstract: Continuously promoting scientific fertilization is a powerful support for achieving a stable food supply and constructing an ecological civilization. To explore the effective strategies to promote scientific fertilization by Chinese farmers in the context of digital village construction, this study uses the Heckman two-stage model based on the data from 1256 surveys of farmers in the rice producing areas of Hubei Province to explore the influence of informatization of agricultural extension services on the adoption decision of scientific fertilization technology by farmers in terms of “adoption behavior” and “the degree of adoption.” Additionally, we analyzed the mechanism of informatization of agricultural extension services on scientific fertilization technology adoption decision by farmers using the stepwise regression method. The results are presented as follows: 1) the informatization of agricultural extension services had a significant positive effect on adoption behavior of farmers and the degree of adoption of scientific fertilization technologies, 2) there are differences in the effects of informatization of agricultural extension services on different types of scientific fertilization technologies. The informatization of agricultural extension services had a more significant effect on the adoption of efficient fertilization technologies by farmers than the application of new fertilizers, 3) the informatization of agricultural extension services promoted adoption behavior of farmers by improving benefit perception; it also promoted the adoption behavior of farmers and the degree of their adoption by reducing risk perception. Consequently, this study proposes policy recommendations to continuously enrich the forms and service contents of information-based agricultural extension services, improve the cooperative extension mechanism, and enhance the effectiveness of agricultural extension services through personalization and precision.
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表 1 农技推广服务信息化影响农户科学施肥技术采纳决策的相关变量定义与描述性统计
Table 1. Definition and descriptive statistics of variables related to the informatization of agricultural extension services affecting farmers’ scientific fertilization technology adoption decisions
变量
Variable定义及赋值
Definition and assignment均值
Mean标准差
Standard deviation科学施肥技术采纳行为
Scientific fertilization technology adoption behavior是否采纳科学施肥技术: 是=1; 否=0
Whether to adopt scientific fertilization technology, and 1 and 0 represent yes and no, respectively.0.362 0.481 科学施肥技术采纳程度
Degree of adoption of scientific fertilization technology被采纳技术的个数
Number of adopted techonologies0.603 1.005 农技推广服务信息化
Informatization of agricultural extension service是否使用信息化服务方式获取农业技术信息: 是=1; 否=0
Whether to use informatization service method to obtain agricultural technology information, and 1 and 0 represent yes and no, respectively0.320 0.467 效益认知
Benefit perception科学施肥技术对生态环境和水稻产量的影响(从低到高赋值1~5分, 取均值)
Impact of scientific fertilization technology on ecology and rice yield (assign 1–5 points from low to high, and take the mean value)3.997 0.730 风险认知
Risk perception科学施肥技术的施肥效果不好(从低到高赋值1~5分)
Poor fertilization effect of scientific fertilization technology (assign 1–5 points from low to high)3.927 1.127 性别
Gender男=1; 女=2
Male=1; female=21.060 0.237 年龄
Age受访者实际年龄
Respondents’ actual age59.811 9.378 受教育程度
Degree of education受访者受教育年限
Respondents’ years of education (a)8.139 3.187 务农人数
Number of farming workers水稻种植期间自家的人工投入
Home-based labor inputs during rice cultivation (persons)1.827 0.817 家庭总收入
Total household income家庭总收入
Total household income (104 ¥)11.529 22.982 农业收入占比
Share of agricultural income农业收入占家庭总收入的比重
Share of agricultural income in total household income0.362 0.312 是否是示范户
Whether it is a demonstration household是=1; 否=0
Yes=1; no=00.082 0.274 是否加入合作社
Whether to join the cooperative是=1; 否=0
Yes=1; no=00.166 0.372 实际播种面积
Actual sown area水稻的实际播种面积, 对数处理
The actual sown area of rice (hm2), logarithmic processing−0.411 1.192 土壤肥沃程度
Soil fertility从低到高赋值1~5分
1–5 points from low to high3.416 0.982 种粮目的
Grain growing purpose家庭食用=1; 销售=2; 两者都有=3
Home consumption=1; sale=2; both=32.606 0.641 是否转入土地
Whether to transfer to land是=1; 否=0
Yes=1; no=00.376 0.485 是否安装WiFi
Whether to install WiFi是=1; 否=0
Yes=1; no=00.807 0.395 产业示范引领区
Industrial demonstration and leading area是=1; 其他=0
Yes=1; others=00.529 0.499 产业功能提升区
Industrial function enhancement area是=1; 其他=0
Yes=1; others=00.352 0.478 产业特色优势区
Industrial characteristic advantageous area是=1; 其他=0
Yes=1; others=00.119 0.324 表 2 农技推广服务信息化影响农户科学施肥技术采纳决策的估计结果
Table 2. Estimation results of the impact of informatization of agricultural extension services on farmers’ scientific fertilization technology adoption decisions
变量
Variable基准回归结果
Baseline regression result稳健性检验: 替换核心解释变量
Robustness test: replacing core explanatory variable采纳行为
Adoption behavior采纳程度
Degree of adoption采纳行为
Adoption behavior采纳程度
Degree of adoption农技推广服务信息化
Informatization of agricultural extension services0.261*** (0.087) 0.529*** (0.170) 0.172*** (0.036) 0.313*** (0.087) 性别 Gender 0.129 (0.168) −0.124 (0.246) 0.122 (0.169) −0.124 (0.247) 年龄 Age −0.003 (0.005) −0.002 (0.007) −0.003 (0.005) −0.000 (0.007) 受教育程度 Education 0.051*** (0.014) 0.062** (0.031) 0.049*** (0.014) 0.062** (0.031) 务农人数
Number of farming workers0.020 (0.046) −0.079 (0.072) 0.006 (0.047) −0.104 (0.072) 家庭总收入
Total household income0.009* (0.005) 0.001 (0.002) 0.008* (0.005) −0.000 (0.002) 农业收入占比
Share of agricultural income−0.050 (0.151) −0.395* (0.208) −0.064 (0.152) −0.415** (0.211) 是否是示范户
Whether it is a demonstration household0.249 (0.156) 0.399* (0.219) 0.170 (0.158) 0.272 (0.209) 是否加入合作社
Whether to join the cooperative0.269** (0.108) 0.577*** (0.182) 0.243** (0.108) 0.553*** (0.177) 实际播种面积 Actual sown area 0.128** (0.052) 0.275*** (0.095) 0.127** (0.053) 0.283*** (0.096) 土壤肥沃程度 Soil fertility 0.011 (0.041) −0.033 (0.057) 0.004 (0.041) −0.044 (0.057) 种粮目的 Grain growing purpose 0.197*** (0.067) −0.024 (0.131) 0.217*** (0.068) 0.049 (0.141) 是否转入土地
Whether to transfer to land−0.118 (0.101) −0.080 (0.143) −0.126 (0.102) −0.104 (0.145) 产业示范引领区
Industrial demonstration and leading area0.681*** (0.184) 1.224** (0.489) 0.686*** (0.185) 1.268*** (0.491) 产业功能提升区
Industrial function enhancement area1.200*** (0.189) 1.971*** (0.687) 1.203*** (0.190) 2.032*** (0.692) 是否安装WiFi
Whether to install WiFi0.239** (0.121) 0.223* (0.121) 常数项 Constant −2.495*** (0.497) −1.280 (1.738) −2.478*** (0.500) −1.619 (1.773) 逆米尔斯比率 Inverse Mills ratio (λ) 1.315* (0.689) 1.397** (0.701) Wald卡方值 Wald chi2 32.510*** 33.560*** 区域虚拟变量以产业特色优势区为参照组, *、**和***分别表示10%、5%和1%水平显著, 括号内数值为标准误差。Regional dummy variables take the industrial characteristic advantageous area as the reference group. *, ** and *** indicate significant impacts at 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively; values in brackets are standard errors. 表 3 农技推广服务信息化影响农户科学施肥技术采纳决策的稳健性检验: 替换回归模型
Table 3. Robustness test of the impact of informatization of agricultural extension services on farmers’ scientific fertilization technology adoption decisions: replacement of regression model
变量
VariableLogit回归 Logit regression 断尾回归 Truncated regression 采纳行为 Adoption behavior 采纳程度 Degree of adoption 农技推广服务信息化
Informatization of agricultural extension service0.439*** (0.143) 0.426*** (0.136) 常数项 Constant −3.846*** (0.819) 1.465 (0.933) 其他变量 Other variables 已控制 Controlled LR卡方值 LR chi2 248.440*** σ 1.106*** (0.056) *、**和***分别表示10%、5%和1%水平显著, 括号内数值为标准误差。*, ** and *** indicate significant impacts at 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively; values in brackets are standard errors. 表 4 农技推广服务信息化对农户不同类型科学施肥技术采纳行为的影响
Table 4. Impact of informatization of agricultural extension services on farmers’ adoption behavior of different types of scientific fertilization technologies
变量
VariableBivariate Probit模型 Bivariate Probit model 高效施肥技术
Efficient fertilization technology新型肥料施用技术
New fertilizers application农技推广服务信息化
Informatization of agricultural extension service0.579*** (0.094) 0.047 (0.091) 常数项 Constant −2.747*** (0.562) −2.111*** (0.509) 其他变量 Other variables 已控制 Controlled Athrho 0.440*** (0.061) LR检验值 LR test 56.520*** *、**和***分别表示10%、5%和1%水平显著, 括号内数值为标准误差。*, ** and *** indicate significant impacts at 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively; values in brackets are standard errors. 表 5 农技推广服务信息化影响农户科学施肥技术采纳决策的作用机制检验
Table 5. Mechanism test of the impact of informatization of agricultural extension services on farmers’ scientific fertilization technology adoption decisions
变量
Variable效益认知
Benefit perception采纳行为
Adoption behavior采纳程度
Degree of adoption风险认知
Risk perception采纳行为
Adoption behavior采纳程度
Degree of adoption农技推广服务信息化
Informatization of agricultural extension service0.139***
(0.047)0.093***
(0.029)0.271***
(0.060)−0.195***
(0.073)0.091***
(0.029)0.264***
(0.060)效益认知
Benefit perception0.050***
(0.018)0.050
(0.036)风险认知
Risk perception−0.042***
(0.011)−0.069***
(0.023)常数项
Constant3.518***
(0.232)−0.286***
(0.158)−0.168
(0.323)4.183***
(0.361)0.065
(0.152)0.298
(0.312)其他变量
Other variables已控制 Controlled ZMediation 1.986>1.96 2.106>1.96 ZMediation值大于1.96, 则认为中介作用路径成立; *、**和***分别表示10%、5%和1%水平显著; 括号内数值为标准误差。When ZMediation value is greater than 1.96, it is considered to hold for the mediated path; *, ** and *** indicate significant impact at 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively; values in brackets are standard errors. -
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