旱作区农田土壤AM真菌对长期有机无机施肥的响应

田霞; 王媛; 张雨; 郭蓉; 马琨

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230304

旱作区农田土壤AM真菌对长期有机无机施肥的响应

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230304

宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室/宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地　银川　750021

基金项目: 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2018BBF03002, 2019BBF03011)和国家自然科学基金(31660132)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
田霞, 主要研究方向为农业生态。E-mail: 1186638901@qq.com

通讯作者:
马琨, 主要研究方向为农业生态。E-mail: makun0411@163.com

中图分类号: S182,S154.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-27
- 录用日期: 2023-09-28
- 修回日期: 2023-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-15

Response of AM fungi to long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in agricultural soils in dry farming regions

Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China / Incubation Base of the State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Funds: This paper was funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2018BBF03002, 2019BBF03011) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660132).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: makun0411@163.com

摘要

摘要: AM真菌群落动态变化对于长期有效的土壤生态系统管理非常重要。为揭示旱作区农田土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对长期有机、无机培肥管理的响应机制, 利用单因素随机区组设计, 基于连续11年的定位试验及高通量测序方法, 研究了不施肥(T0)、长期单施化肥(T1)、长期化肥与牛粪有机肥(T2)和长期化肥与羊粪有机肥(T3)对土壤的影响,比较了土壤AM真菌群落组成及多样性间的差异, 探究了驱动土壤AM真菌群落组成及多样性变化的土壤环境因子及其相互作用效应。结果表明: 随培肥时间延长, 与T0处理相比, T2、T3处理的土壤全氮、有机质含量显著增加, pH显著下降(P<0.05); 与培肥8年相比, 培肥11年后的T0、T1和T3处理土壤全磷和速效钾含量显著下降。有机无机培肥下, 球囊霉属(Glomus)和类球囊霉属(Paraglomus)是土壤AM真菌的优势属, 但近明球囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)的相对丰度显著下降, 从优势属变为非优势属。近明球囊霉属较球囊霉属和类球囊霉属相对丰度而言, 更容易受长期培肥影响而发生显著改变。连续有机无机施肥8年后, T2、T3处理的土壤近明球囊霉属和两性球囊霉属(Ambispora)的相对丰度与T0间有显著差异(P<0.05); 培肥11年后, T2、T3处理土壤近明球囊霉属和两性球囊霉属的相对丰度与T0处理间无显著差异。随培肥时间延长, 不同处理间土壤AM真菌群落的α多样性差异消失。NMDS分析结果表明: 长期培肥改变了土壤AM真菌群落的β多样性, 但T2与T3处理间土壤AM真菌群落相似性较一致。连续培肥改变了土壤AM真菌群落结构组成和多样性, 驱动AM真菌群落变化的土壤环境因子由土壤全氮、pH转变为土壤全磷。长期有机无机培肥没有同步提升土壤全磷、速效钾等主要理化性状。随培肥年限增加, 驱动土壤AM真菌群落结构和多样性变化的土壤因子发生了显著改变, AM真菌群落会随土壤环境因子的变化倾向于更加敏感的驱动因子。
- AM真菌 /
- 多样性 /
- 群落组成 /
- 有机无机施肥 /
- 旱作区
Abstract: The dynamics of the AM fungal community are important for effective long-term soil ecosystem management. To reveal the response mechanisms of soil AM fungi to long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer management in dryland farming regions, the effects of no fertilizer application (T0), long-term chemical fertilizer application alone (T1), long-term chemical fertilizer and cow manure organic fertilizer (T2) and long-term chemical fertilizer and sheep manure organic fertilizer (T3) on soil were investigated through a one-way randomized group design, based on 11 consecutive years of locality testing and high-throughput sequencing methods. The differences in the composition and diversity of soil AM fungal communities were compared, and the factors in soil environmental and interactions effects that drive the changes in soil AM fungal community composition and diversity were investigated. The results indicated that the soil’s total nitrogen and organic matter contents significantly increased, while the pH value significantly decreased (P<0.05) under T2 and T3 treatments compared to T0. Furthermore, Compared with 8 years of fertilization, the total phosphorus and available potassium contents of soil in T0, T1 and T3 treatments after 11 years of fertilization significantly decreased. The dominant genera of soil AM fungi were Glomus and Paraglomus under organic and inorganic fertilization. However, the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus significantly decreased and changed from dominant to non-dominant. In contrast, the relative abundance of the Claroideoglomus was more susceptible to long-term fertilization than that of Glomus and Paraglomus. After a period of 8 years of continuous organic and inorganic fertilization, the relative abundance of AM fungi, specifically, Claroideoglomus and Ambispora in soils under T2 and T3 treatments was significantly different from that of T0 (P<0.05). Over the 11-years of fertilization, the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus and Ambispora under T2 and T3 treatments was not significantly different, compared with T0. With the extension of the fertilization time, differences in the alpha-diversity of soil AM fungal communities disappeared between treatments. The NMDS analysis showed that long-term fertilization changed the beta-diversity of the soil AM fungal community, but the soil AM fungal community was more similarity between the T2 and T3 treatments. During the continuous application of fertilizer, a significant change was observed in the structural composition and diversity of the soil AM fungal community. Moreover, the soil environmental factors influencing changes in the AM fungal community shifted from soil total nitrogen and pH to soil total Phosphorus. Long-term organic and inorganic fertilization didn’t simultaneously improve the main physicochemical properties of the soil, such as total phosphorus and available potassium. As the number of years of fertilization increased, the soil factors that drive changes in the structure and diversity of soil AM fungal communities were significantly altered. The AM fungal community were more easily influenced by sensitive driving factor with the changing of all soil environment.
- AM fungus /
- Diversity /
- Community composition /
- Organic-inorganic fertilization /
- Dryfarming regions

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图 1 2018年(a)和2021年(b)长期有机无机施肥处理下土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌属水平群落组成

T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.

Figure 1. Community composition of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi at genus level under long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in 2018 (a) and 2021 (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2018年(a)和2021年(b)土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌属水平群落结构的非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析

Figure 2. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis on a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) community composition at genus level in 2018(a) and 2021(b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2018年(a)和2021年(b)土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌群落结构、多样性与土壤环境因子的RDA分析

TN、TP、AN、AP、AK、SOM、SW、SR、pH、Shannon、Simpson、Chao1分别指全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、土壤含水量、土壤呼吸强度、pH、香农指数、辛普森指数、Chao1指数。T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。TN, TP, AN, AP, AK, SOM, SW, SR, pH, Shannon, Simpson, and Chao1 refer to total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-dissolved nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, organic matter, soil water content, intensity of soil respiration, pH, Shannon’s index, Simpson’s index, and Chao1 index, respectively. T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.

Figure 3. Redundancyanalysis (RDA) of soil arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) community structure, diversity and soil environmental factors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同有机无机施肥处理下的土壤理化性质和作物产量

Table 1. Soil physicochemical and crop yield properties under different organic and inorganic fertilization treatments

处理 Treatment	年份 Year	全氮 Total nitrogen (g∙kg⁻¹)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g∙kg⁻¹)	有机质 Organic matter (g∙kg⁻¹)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg∙kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg∙kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg∙kg⁻¹)	pH	含水量 Soil water (%)	产量 Crop yield (kg∙hm⁻²)
T0	2018	0.25±0.02^b_b	0.65±0.06^ab	8.89±0.43^ac	17.17±1.49^ab	29.78±7.04^ac	160.94±16.84^ab	8.77±0.05^aa	12.10±0.20^aa	8872.90±75.60^acb
	2021	0.41±0.10^ab	0.32±0.01^bc	7.99±1.09^ab	9.24±1.03^bc	28.18±2.04^ab	76.78±10.36^bc	8.25±0.05^ba	6.40±0.77^ba	4647.54±33.01^bc
T1	2018	0.28±0.03^bb	0.74±0.05^aa	9.59±1.05^ac	19.69±2.49^ab	44.42±7.16^ab	251.85±52.10^aa	8.58±0.13^ab	12.50±0.61^aa	9979.95±133.05^bb
	2021	0.46±0.18^ab	0.36±0.03^bbc	8.48±0.78^ab	19.11±5.71^ab	33.81±5.51^bb	62.11±27.20^bc	8.22±0.02^ba	6.44±1.54^ba	12 373.14±20.86^ab
T2	2018	0.41±0.09^ba	0.81±0.04^aa	14.07±1.63^aa	33.38±8.72^aa	66.80±8.48^aa	260.61±93.63^aa	8.55±0.09^ab	12.46±1.45^aa	14 396.79±55.92^aa
	2021	0.73±0.11^aa	0.40±0.04^bab	14.85±1.65^aa	27.93±8.58^aa	61.20±12.36^aa	260.92±36.49^aa	8.16±0.02^bb	7.22±1.38^ba	13 806.80±48.23^aa
T3	2018	0.39±0.05^ba	0.76±0.08^aa	12.54±1.00^bb	30.33±4.54^aa	63.70±8.58^aa	288.89±50.58^aa	8.59±0.06^ab	12.10±0.73^aa	16 799.35±126.78^aa
	2021	0.76±0.18^aa	0.42±0.03^ba	16.00±2.43^aa	23.52±7.91^aab	52.27±14.97^aa	204.88±36.93^bb	8.17±0.03^bb	7.61±1.51^ba	14 264.99±12.11^ba
数值为均值±标准差(n=6)。同一列内上标不同小写字母表示同一施肥处理不同年间差异显著(P<0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一年限不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2018年和2021年长期有机无机施肥对土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌群落α多样性的影响

Table 2. Effect of long-term organic and inorganic fertilization on the alpha diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal communities in 2018 and 2021

处理 Treatment	2018			2021
处理 Treatment	香农维纳指数 Shannon wiener	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1 指数 Chao1 index	香农维纳指数 Shannon wiener	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1 指数 Chao1 index
T0	6.82±0.21a	0.97±0.01a	974.43±106.77a	5.85±0.87a	0.91±0.08a	573.64±97.66a
TI	6.27±0.49ab	0.94±0.04a	966.15±80.78a	6.52±0.38a	0.96±0.01a	558.85±147.71a
T2	5.88±0.62b	0.92±0.05a	877.75±126.36ab	5.81±0.44a	0.94±0.03a	627.25±67.96a
T3	5.75±0.58b	0.93±0.04a	790.37±97.17b	6.26±0.98a	0.93±0.09a	707.74±131.2a
T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.

下载: 导出CSV

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