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旱作区农田土壤AM真菌对长期有机无机施肥的响应

田霞 王媛 张雨 郭蓉 马琨

田霞, 王媛, 张雨, 郭蓉, 马琨. 旱作区农田土壤AM真菌对长期有机无机施肥的响应[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−12 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230304
引用本文: 田霞, 王媛, 张雨, 郭蓉, 马琨. 旱作区农田土壤AM真菌对长期有机无机施肥的响应[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−12 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230304
TIAN X, WANG Y, ZHANG Y, GUO R, MA K. Response of AM fungi to long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in agricultural soils in dry farming regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−12 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230304
Citation: TIAN X, WANG Y, ZHANG Y, GUO R, MA K. Response of AM fungi to long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in agricultural soils in dry farming regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−12 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230304

旱作区农田土壤AM真菌对长期有机无机施肥的响应

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230304
基金项目: 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2018BBF03002, 2019BBF03011)和国家自然科学基金(31660132)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    田霞, 主要研究方向为农业生态。E-mail: 1186638901@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    马琨, 主要研究方向为农业生态。E-mail: makun0411@163.com

  • 中图分类号: S182,S154.3

Response of AM fungi to long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in agricultural soils in dry farming regions

Funds: This paper was funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2018BBF03002, 2019BBF03011) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660132).
More Information
  • 摘要: AM真菌群落动态变化对于长期有效的土壤生态系统管理非常重要。为揭示旱作区农田土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对长期有机、无机培肥管理的响应机制, 利用单因素随机区组设计, 基于连续11年的定位试验及高通量测序方法, 研究了不施肥(T0)、长期单施化肥(T1)、长期化肥与牛粪有机肥(T2)和长期化肥与羊粪有机肥(T3)对土壤的影响,比较了土壤AM真菌群落组成及多样性间的差异, 探究了驱动土壤AM真菌群落组成及多样性变化的土壤环境因子及其相互作用效应。结果表明: 随培肥时间延长, 与T0处理相比, T2、T3处理的土壤全氮、有机质含量显著增加, pH显著下降(P<0.05); 与培肥8年相比, 培肥11年后的T0、T1和T3处理土壤全磷和速效钾含量显著下降。有机无机培肥下, 球囊霉属(Glomus)和类球囊霉属(Paraglomus)是土壤AM真菌的优势属, 但近明球囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)的相对丰度显著下降, 从优势属变为非优势属。近明球囊霉属较球囊霉属和类球囊霉属相对丰度而言, 更容易受长期培肥影响而发生显著改变。连续有机无机施肥8年后, T2、T3处理的土壤近明球囊霉属和两性球囊霉属(Ambispora)的相对丰度与T0间有显著差异(P<0.05); 培肥11年后, T2、T3处理土壤近明球囊霉属和两性球囊霉属的相对丰度与T0处理间无显著差异。随培肥时间延长, 不同处理间土壤AM真菌群落的α多样性差异消失。NMDS分析结果表明: 长期培肥改变了土壤AM真菌群落的β多样性, 但T2与T3处理间土壤AM真菌群落相似性较一致。连续培肥改变了土壤AM真菌群落结构组成和多样性, 驱动AM真菌群落变化的土壤环境因子由土壤全氮、pH转变为土壤全磷。长期有机无机培肥没有同步提升土壤全磷、速效钾等主要理化性状。随培肥年限增加, 驱动土壤AM真菌群落结构和多样性变化的土壤因子发生了显著改变, AM真菌群落会随土壤环境因子的变化倾向于更加敏感的驱动因子。
  • 图  1  2018年(a)和2021年(b)长期有机无机施肥处理下土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌属水平群落组成

    T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.

    Figure  1.  Community composition of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi at genus level under long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in 2018 (a) and 2021 (b)

    图  2  2018年(a)和2021年(b)土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌属水平群落结构的非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析

    T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.

    Figure  2.  Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis on a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) community composition at genus level in 2018(a) and 2021(b)

    图  3  2018年(a)和2021年(b)土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌群落结构、多样性与土壤环境因子的RDA分析

    TN、TP、AN、AP、AK、SOM、SW、SR、pH、Shannon、Simpson、Chao1分别指全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、土壤含水量、土壤呼吸强度、pH、香农指数、辛普森指数、Chao1指数。T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。TN, TP, AN, AP, AK, SOM, SW, SR, pH, Shannon, Simpson, and Chao1 refer to total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-dissolved nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, organic matter, soil water content, intensity of soil respiration, pH, Shannon’s index, Simpson’s index, and Chao1 index, respectively. T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.

    Figure  3.  Redundancyanalysis (RDA) of soil arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) community structure, diversity and soil environmental factors

    表  1  不同有机无机施肥处理下的土壤理化性质和作物产量

    Table  1.   Soil physicochemical and crop yield properties under different organic and inorganic fertilization treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    年份
    Year
    全氮
    Total
    nitrogen
    (g∙kg−1)
    全磷
    Total
    phosphorus
    (g∙kg−1)
    有机质
    Organic
    matter
    (g∙kg−1)
    碱解氮
    Available
    nitrogen
    (mg∙kg−1)
    速效磷
    Available
    phosphorus
    (mg∙kg−1)
    速效钾
    Available
    potassium
    (mg∙kg−1)
    pH含水量
    Soil water
    (%)
    产量
    Crop yield
    (kg∙hm−2)
    T020180.25±0.02bb0.65±0.06ab8.89±0.43ac17.17±1.49ab29.78±7.04ac160.94±16.84ab8.77±0.05aa12.10±0.20aa8872.90±75.60acb
    20210.41±0.10ab0.32±0.01bc7.99±1.09ab9.24±1.03bc28.18±2.04ab76.78±10.36bc8.25±0.05ba6.40±0.77ba4647.54±33.01bc
    T120180.28±0.03bb0.74±0.05aa9.59±1.05ac19.69±2.49ab44.42±7.16ab251.85±52.10aa8.58±0.13ab12.50±0.61aa9979.95±133.05bb
    20210.46±0.18ab0.36±0.03bbc8.48±0.78ab19.11±5.71ab33.81±5.51bb62.11±27.20bc8.22±0.02ba6.44±1.54ba12 373.14±20.86ab
    T220180.41±0.09ba0.81±0.04aa14.07±1.63aa33.38±8.72aa66.80±8.48aa260.61±93.63aa8.55±0.09ab12.46±1.45aa14 396.79±55.92aa
    20210.73±0.11aa0.40±0.04bab14.85±1.65aa27.93±8.58aa61.20±12.36aa260.92±36.49aa8.16±0.02bb7.22±1.38ba13 806.80±48.23aa
    T320180.39±0.05ba0.76±0.08aa12.54±1.00bb30.33±4.54aa63.70±8.58aa288.89±50.58aa8.59±0.06ab12.10±0.73aa16 799.35±126.78aa
    20210.76±0.18aa0.42±0.03ba16.00±2.43aa23.52±7.91aab52.27±14.97aa204.88±36.93bb8.17±0.03bb7.61±1.51ba14 264.99±12.11ba
      数值为均值±标准差(n=6)。同一列内上标不同小写字母表示同一施肥处理不同年间差异显著(P<0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一年限不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  2018年和2021年长期有机无机施肥对土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌群落α多样性的影响

    Table  2.   Effect of long-term organic and inorganic fertilization on the alpha diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal communities in 2018 and 2021

    处理
    Treatment
    2018 2021
    香农维纳指数
    Shannon wiener
    辛普森指数
    Simpson index
    Chao1 指数
    Chao1 index
    香农维纳指数
    Shannon wiener
    辛普森指数
    Simpson index
    Chao1 指数
    Chao1 index
    T06.82±0.21a0.97±0.01a974.43±106.77a 5.85±0.87a0.91±0.08a573.64±97.66a
    TI6.27±0.49ab0.94±0.04a966.15±80.78a6.52±0.38a0.96±0.01a558.85±147.71a
    T25.88±0.62b0.92±0.05a877.75±126.36ab5.81±0.44a0.94±0.03a627.25±67.96a
    T35.75±0.58b0.93±0.04a790.37±97.17b6.26±0.98a0.93±0.09a707.74±131.2a
      T0、T1、T2和T3分别指不施肥处理、单施化肥处理、化肥+牛粪有机肥处理和化肥+羊粪有机肥处理。T0, T1, T2 and T3 refer to no fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer + cow dung organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer + sheep dung organic fertilizer treatment, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-04-27
  • 录用日期:  2023-09-28
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