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积雪变化对土壤可溶性碳氮含量及微生物活性的季节性影响

汪恩良 蔚昶

汪恩良, 蔚昶. 积雪变化对土壤可溶性碳氮含量及微生物活性的季节性影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−8 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230323
引用本文: 汪恩良, 蔚昶. 积雪变化对土壤可溶性碳氮含量及微生物活性的季节性影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−8 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230323
WANG E L, WEI C. Seasonal effects of snow cover on soil soluble carbon and nitrogen content and microbial activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−8 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230323
Citation: WANG E L, WEI C. Seasonal effects of snow cover on soil soluble carbon and nitrogen content and microbial activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−8 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230323

积雪变化对土壤可溶性碳氮含量及微生物活性的季节性影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230323
基金项目: 水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022017)资助
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    汪恩良, 主要从事灌区节水管理与应用研究。E-mail: wel@neau.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: 158.2

Seasonal effects of snow cover on soil soluble carbon and nitrogen content and microbial activity

Funds: The study was supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Project of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China (SKS-2022017).
More Information
  • 摘要: 全球气候变暖问题日益严峻, 复杂的气候变化导致全球积雪格局发生明显变化。基于此, 本研究于2020年11月—2022年5月采用人工控制积雪深度的方法, 将试验区样地分为3个处理组, 分别为增雪组(TS)、除雪组(TR)和对照组(C), 通过测定土壤环境因子、有效碳氮含量、微生物量、脲酶活性以及蔗糖酶活性, 分析各指标的季节性动态变化过程。田间野外试验表明, 除雪处理会导致土壤温湿度显著降低。此外, 除雪处理在冬季早期显著增加了土壤无机氮含量, 加雪处理与之相反。从深雪期开始, 除雪处理在一定程度上造成了土壤无机氮的流失, 但增加了可溶性有机碳和可溶性有机氮含量。除雪处理使土壤微生物活性在冬季大部分时间保持较高水平, 但进入作物生长早期后, 除雪处理的土壤微生物活性明显降低。积雪的减少显著降低了土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性, 积雪的加深与之相反。本研究证明了未来积雪变化将导致土壤有效碳氮及微生物活性的动态变化特征发生转变。研究结果为进一步探究气候变暖背景下中国东北黑土区的陆地生态系统的物质循环过程提供了一定理论基础和科学依据。
  • 图  1  不同处理下土壤温度(a)和湿度(b)变化特征

    C: 正常积雪对照; TS: 积雪加深处理; TR: 除雪处理。C: normal snow cover control; TS: snow deepening treatment; TR: snow removal treatment.

    Figure  1.  Variation characteristics of soil temperature (a) and humidity (b) under different treatments

    图  2  不同处理下土壤有效碳氮含量变化特征

    C: 正常积雪对照; TS: 积雪加深处理; TR: 除雪处理; BSC: 积雪形成前; ESC: 早雪期; DSC: 深雪期; SCM: 融雪期; EGS: 作物生长早期。不同小写字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。C: normal snow cover control; TS: snow deepening treatment; TR: snow removal treatment; BSC: before snow formation; ESC: early snow period; DSC: deep snow period; SCM: snowmelt period; EGS: early stage of crop growth. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 levels among different treatments.

    Figure  2.  Variation characteristics of soil available carbon and nitrogen under different treatments

    图  3  不同处理下土壤微生物量碳氮含量变化特征

    C: 正常积雪对照; TS: 积雪加深处理; TR: 除雪处理; BSC: 积雪形成前; ESC: 早雪期; DSC: 深雪期; SCM: 融雪期; EGS: 作物生长早期。不同小写字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。C: normal snow cover control; TS: snow deepening treatment TR: snow removal treatment; BSC: before snow formation; ESC: early snow period; DSC: deep snow period; SCM: snowmelt period; EGS: early stage of crop growth. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 levels among different treatments.

    Figure  3.  Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents under different treatments

    图  4  不同处理下土壤酶活性变化特征

    C: 正常积雪对照; TS: 积雪加深处理; TR: 除雪处理; BSC: 积雪形成前; ESC: 早雪期; DSC: 深雪期; SCM: 融雪期; EGS: 作物生长早期。不同小写字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。C: normal snow cover control; TS: snow deepening treatment; TR: snow removal treatment; BSC: before snow formation; ESC: early snow period; DSC: deep snow period; SCM: snowmelt period; EGS: early stage of crop growth. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 levels among different treatments.

    Figure  4.  Changes of soil enzymes activities under different treatments

    表  1  试验区不同土层的物理性质

    Table  1.   Physical properties of different soil layers of the test area

    土壤深度
    Soil depth (cm)
    干容重
    Dry bulk density (g∙cm−3)
    饱和含水率
    Saturated moisture content (%)
    砂粒
    Sand (%)
    黏粒
    Clay (%)
    粉粒
    Silt (%)
    0~201.4643.3046.437.516.1
    20~401.5042.5045.040.614.4
    40~601.5240.1147.338.714.0
    60~1001.5740.8542.240.916.9
    100~1401.6040.2336.548.515.0
    140~1801.6140.0242.543.813.7
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-06-12
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