Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the characteristics of grain filling and fruiting in different parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.
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摘要: 探明氮、磷、钾肥不同配比对薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性的影响, 为薏苡高效施肥技术模式提供理论和技术支持。以‘贵薏1号’为材料, 采用“3414”设计, 应用Richards方程对不同氮磷钾肥配施对薏苡5个部位籽粒的灌浆过程的影响进行了研究。结果表明:1)施用氮磷钾肥可改善薏苡上、中、下1、下2和下3部位籽粒灌浆速率达到最大时需要的天数、灌浆速率达到最大值的粒重、平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率, 延长籽粒活跃灌浆期, 进而提高薏苡结实特性。2)氮磷钾肥配施显著提高薏苡中部和下1部粒重, 在单因素肥效间表现为N>K>P, 在双因素肥效互作间表现为PK>NP>NK, 但过量施用氮磷钾肥会使粒重有所下降, 结实特性显著降低。3)相关性分析表明, 上、中、下1、下2和下3部位籽粒的千粒重与籽粒结实率、充实度、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率呈正相关。4)拟合肥料与薏苡千粒重效应函数方程, 得出薏苡N、P2O5、K2O的最优推荐施肥范围分别为135.51~270.99 kg∙hm−2、75.00~150.50 kg∙hm−2、56.25~112.51 kg∙hm−2。氮磷钾肥配显著影响薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著促进籽粒灌浆、缩小部位间差异, 又可以提高结实率和粒重。在薏苡生产中, 氮肥对薏苡籽粒灌浆结实特性影响最大, 钾肥次之, 磷肥影响最小。Abstract: The development of spike traits in graminaceous plants is unbalanced, and so is that of Coix lacryma-jobi L. Due to the sequential order of glume differentiation , the process of grouting and development between grains in different parts of the plant are not synchronised, which ultimately leads to inconsistency in maturity, and the differences between the strong and weak grains are highlighted with the increase in the number of secondary pedicels, thus limiting the further exploitation of the yield potential of Coix lacryma-jobi L.. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rationing is an effective way to narrow the differences in grouting firming characteristics between seed parts, through comparing the effects of different N, P and K fertilizers on the dynamics of grain weight gain in different parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L., the parameters of the grouting characteristics, the fruiting characteristics and the effect of fertilizers, and to explore the optimal fertilization of Coix lacryma-jobi L. to provide theoretical and technical support for the model of Coix lacryma-jobi L.’s high-efficiency fertilization technology. Taking ‘Guiyi No.1’ as the material, Richards’ equation was applied to study the grouting process of grains in five parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L. under different nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilisers in ‘3414’ design. The results showed that 1) the application of N, P and K fertilizers could improve the number of days required to reach the maximum grouting rat of grains in the upper, middle, basal 1, basal 2 and basal 3 parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L., the grain weight at maximum grouting rate, the average grouting rate, the maximum seed filling rate, and the prolongation of the active seed filling period of grains, which would in turn improve the characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi L. fruiting. 2) N, P and K fertilisers significantly increased the grain weight in the middle and basal parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L., with N>K>P among single-factor fertiliser effects, and PK>NP>NK among two-factor fertiliser interactions, but excessive application of N, P and K fertilisers decreased the grain weight, and the fruiting characteristics were significantly reduced. 3) Correlation analyses showed that the thousand-grain weights of grains in the upper, middle, basal 1, basal 2 and basal 3 parts of the plant were positively correlated with grain firmness, fullness, average grouting rate and maximum seed filling rate. 4) Fitting the equation of the effect of fertiliser on thousand-grain weight of Coix lacryma-jobi L., the optimal recommended fertiliser application ranges for it were 135.51~270.99 kg·hm−2, 75.00−150.50 kg·hm−2, and 56.25−112.51 kg·hm−2, for N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers significantly affect different parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L. grain filling and fruiting characteristics, and the appropriate proportion not only can significantly promote grain filling and reduce the differences between parts, but also can improve the fruiting rate and grain weight. In the production of Coix lacryma-jobi L., nitrogen fertiliser has the greatest influence on the grain filling and fruiting characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi L., potassium fertiliser is the second largest, and phosphorus fertiliser has the smallest influence.
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图 2 不同部位籽粒结实特性、灌浆参数
红色代表正相关, 蓝色代表负相关。R²: 决定系数; R0: 灌浆起始势; Tmax: 灌浆速率达到最大时需要的天数; Wmax: 灌浆速率达到最大值的粒重; Va: 平均灌浆速率; Vmax: 籽粒最大灌浆速率; D: 籽粒活跃灌浆期。Red represents positive correlation, blue represents negative correlation. R²: ecision factor; R0: grouting starting potential; Tmax: number of days required to reach maximum grouting rate; Wmax: grain weight at maximum grouting rate; Va: average grouting rate; Vmax: maximum seed filling rate; D: active seed filling period.
Figure 2. Seed set characteristics, filling parameters in different parts
表 1 试验地耕层(0~25 cm)土壤基础肥力
Table 1. Basal soil fertility in the tillage layer (0−25 cm) of the test sites
地点
PlacepH 有机质
Organic matter
(g·kg−1)全氮
Total N (g·kg−1)全磷
Total P
(g·kg−1)全钾
Total K
(g·kg−1)碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolysis N
(mg·kg−1)速效磷
Available P
(mg·kg−1)速效钾
Available K
(mg·kg−1)下山镇
Xiashan Town5.1 33.9 3.0 1.3 14.1 152.9 10.4 240.0 屯脚镇
Tunjiao Town6.4 35.9 2.8 1.4 13.9 158.8 14.8 335.0 表 2 “3414”试验方案和施肥量
Table 2. “3414” trial program and fertilisers application rates
kg·hm−2 处理
Treatment因素组合
Factor combinationN P2O5 K2O 1 N0P0K0 0 0 0 2 N0P2K2 0 150 225.00 3 N1P2K2 135 150 225.00 4 N2P0K2 270 0 225.00 5 N2P1K2 270 75 225.00 6 N2P2K2 270 150 225.00 7 N2P3K2 270 225 225.00 8 N2P2K0 270 150 0 9 N2P2K1 270 150 112.50 10 N2P2K3 270 150 337.50 11 N3P2K2 405 150 225.00 12 N1P1K2 135 75 225.00 13 N1P2K1 135 150 112.50 14 N2P1K1 270 75 112.50 表 3 氮磷钾肥配施处理下薏苡不同部位籽粒结实特性
Table 3. Seed-setting characteristics of different parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L. seeds under NPK fertilization treatments
处理
Treatment结实率
Seed setting rate (%)充实度
Grain plumpness (%)上
Top中
Middle下1
Basal 1下2
Basal 2下3
Basal 3上
Top中
Middle下1
Basal 1下2
Basal 2下3
Basal 3屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town1 62.18±
5.35 c65.93±
6.14 c67.62±
6.85 c71.42±
8.22 c72.75±
4.48 c72.80±
3.81 c61.53±
5.91 c63.47±
7.52 c51.73±
4.47 c60.21±
8.73 c48.07±
3.20 c56.75±
3.13 c51.01±
5.99 c59.57±
24.46 c57.42±
37.62 c61.91±
34.26 c47.23±
4.81 c55.55±
3.86 c45.84±
3.45 c53.11±
2.48 c2 76.74±
6.94 b77.89±
9.52 b77.37±
6.01 b78.43±
4.66 b76.23±
3.95 b79.15±
3.54 b74.78±
5.22 b78.37±
5.19 ab73.25±
6.74 b74.76±
3.71 b55.08±
5.90 bc66.31±
3.41 b55.66±
1.94 c66.88±
2.81 b59.59±
1.56 c67.83±
2.78 bc54.72±
5.67 bc63.08±
5.87 bc53.32±
3.14 b65.53±
1.33 b3 73.50±
4.58 b78.18±
3.30 b74.23±
2.87 b78.88±
2.92 b79.92±
7.61 b79.63±
8.07 b71.16±
6.83 b76.49±
3.76 b70.27±
2.08 b72.26±
6.18 b62.01±
6.62 b68.54±
1.35 b68.26±
7.89 ab68.94±
6.05 b68.59±
1.69 b69.43±
2.93 bc61.62±
7.20 b61.03±
5.53 bc59.47±
3.12 b60.97±
1.65 b4 79.74±
9.86 a82.09±
9.78 b80.67±
6.45 ab84.45±
5.26 ab81.38±
3.15 ab82.07±
4.18 b73.92±
4.81 b75.74±
7.92 b71.12±
6.87 b73.02±
6.07 b68.49±
5.29 ab71.21±
4.91 b69.90±
9.88 ab72.37±
1.14 b68.82±
1.43 b76.15±
2.95 b67.88±
7.95 ab68.60±
3.84 b66.08±
9.32 ab67.82±
2.61 b5 80.33±
9.39 a83.12±
3.39 b81.13±
7.74 a86.30±
4.28 a82.03±
5.18 ab87.32±
3.80 ab76.05±
5.99 b77.03±
5.37 b71.52±
2.57 b75.96±
2.59 b62.85±
7.46 b65.67±
5.90 b65.62±
2.08 b66.04±
6.82 b71.61±
9.00 b70.35±
7.94 bc62.30±
2.00 b64.86±
5.67 b60.45±
1.84 b62.09±
5.15 b6 80.49±
3.00 a82.19±
3.66 b81.05±
3.99 a88.27±
5.37 a84.07±
6.49 a89.71±
6.53 a80.20±
6.47 a80.08±
3.17 a78.78±
2.00 a79.69±
6.09 a69.70±
3.53 a82.75±
5.10 a71.66±
6.88 a84.76±
1.77 a73.70±
5.62 ab85.42±
6.79 a68.82±
3.75 ab80.77±
4.24 a68.66±
3.81 a79.93±
1.04 a7 71.02±
7.78 b81.18±
6.77 b73.70±
9.21 b86.05±
6.96 a81.74±
4.11 ab86.61±
5.69 ab70.17±
6.08 b78.75±
8.43 ab66.81±
7.27 b78.33±
2.67 a64.97±
9.34 b69.75±
3.76 b61.93±
5.93 b76.94±
6.69 b70.37±
6.18 b78.03±
5.54 b63.47±
3.17 b77.35±
8.05 b56.23±
1.66 b80.99±
2.08 a8 76.75±
2.35 ab78.53±
8.81 b79.81±
8.03 b79.97±
6.53 b81.12±
5.69 ab81.58±
7.80 b68.98±
8.63 b70.11±
8.88 b63.99±
8.15 b65.37±
8.01 bc60.51±
5.81 b70.05±
4.44 b62.02±
7.53 b71.11±
2.68 b64.73±
1.58 bc74.08±
9.97 b59.51±
3.75 b68.21±
4.90 b56.17±
1.00 b67.89±
7.98 b9 81.55±
8.38 a88.32±
3.78 a82.51±
8.87 a89.21±
3.32 a85.12±
4.61 a91.39±
2.31 a80.59±
0.50 a82.41±
3.05 a79.89±
6.28 a80.00±
8.85 a73.47±
1.27 a83.84±
2.34 a74.75±
3.83 a85.90±
5.51 a76.26±
7.16 a86.02±
4.37 a72.98±
1.14 a82.94±
4.38 a70.24±
1.09 a82.91±
5.59 a10 70.35±
6.67 b84.07±
4.39 b74.47±
8.18 b86.27±
5.59 a79.67±
7.12 b87.11±
3.51 ab69.48±
6.68 b79.41±
6.56 ab63.58±
5.30 b70.62±
9.56 b65.03±
6.11 b65.50±
6.71 b64.23±
5.42 b68.99±
7.75 b64.81±
9.64 bc78.62±
5.97 b59.38±
8.99 b62.00±
7.74 bc50.47±
9.53 bc64.58±
5.63 b11 73.41±
9.44 b78.90±
6.26 b77.50±
8.68 b79.20±
5.50 b78.57±
7.81 b79.83±
4.44 b70.22±
8.12 b73.21±
4.84 b59.12±
2.97 bc69.21±
4.66 b64.81±
1.47 b65.03±
7.68 b65.96±
4.31 b66.57±
8.80 b66.22±
2.36 b68.15±
2.37 bc54.85±
3.54 bc65.01±
5.78 b42.77±
2.72 c60.76±
5.81 b12 75.53±
4.42 b84.02±
9.19 b80.17±
5.98 ab84.46±
4.34 ab80.74±
6.14 ab86.02±
7.83 ab74.15±
3.64 b78.63±
6.43 ab62.71±
6.84 b68.82±
6.40 b62.17±
2.34 b63.72±
1.14 b66.24±
5.13 b70.13±
3.14 b67.96±
9.60 b77.47±
2.10 b58.39±
9.70 b62.97±
5.44 bc45.38±
3.66 c58.92±
3.72 b13 75.00±
3.96 b79.10±
5.23 b77.69±
8.59 b86.64±
8.88 a81.70±
7.64 ab87.17±
3.08 ab74.74±
5.92 b71.26±
5.38 b71.60±
4.36 b68.10±
2.12 b65.53±
3.93 b67.23±
1.13 b71.23±
4.18 a71.57±
3.51 b71.82±
2.68 b80.03±
4.43 ab62.42±
5.26 b62.28±
7.68 bc58.83±
2.68 b61.32±
6.61 b14 73.58±
5.43 b78.09±
6.42 b80.67±
2.45 ab84.89±
4.15 ab80.96±
7.07 ab89.51±
5.42 a72.70±
7.17 b78.00±
4.02 ab62.67±
8.69 b70.87±
5.41 b64.42±
8.83 b68.25±
6.49 b65.88±
6.36 b70.37±
5.88 b72.87±
6.67 b83.14±
7.98 a60.71±
9.30 b63.96±
9.86 b49.81±
1.18 c57.39±
5.87 b同列不同小写字母表示处理间在P<5%水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at P<5% level. 续表3 处理
Treatment千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)总粒重
Total grain weight (g)上
Top中
Middle下1
Basal 1下2
Basal 2下3
Basal 3上
Top中
Middle下1
Basal 1下2
Basal 2下3
Basal 3屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town屯脚
Tunjiao Town下山
Xiashan Town1 61.14±
6.14 c65.72±
2.53 c62.32±
4.30 c66.76±
4.24 c63.18±
9.70 c67.54±
5.16 c60.13±
2.81 c63.13±
2.12 c57.60±
3.27 c62.03±
5.31 c3.16±
1.30 c3.64±
1.23 c3.24±
0.48 c3.65±
1.27 c4.74±
3.40 d5.26±
2.53 c2.09±
2.05 c2.23±
1.41 c0.66±
1.02 c0.84±
0.61 c2 65.87±
5.01 bc67.15±
4.97 c66.84±
5.21 b76.46±
2.85 b67.38±
4.06 b80.23±
2.00 ab65.09±
9.50 b66.81±
6.65 c61.11±
2.01 b66.44±
5.88 c4.18±
2.19 b4.27±
0.93 bc4.54±
1.86 b4.70±
1.04 b7.53±
1.68 b7.60±
2.99 b2.39±
1.92 b2.39±
0.88 c1.05±
0.87 bc1.05±
0.47 c3 68.27±
1.18 b72.82±
3.07 b66.99±
1.98 b73.49±
5.20 b69.09±
4.12 b77.28±
8.50 b65.8±
7.36 b71.76±
2.04 b61.46±
9.65 b70.62±
5.02 b4.23±
1.57 b4.57±
0.51 b5.11±
1.27 ab5.23±
1.26 b6.00±
4.05 c6.56±
1.05 b3.39±
2.61 b3.59±
0.50 b1.31±
1.12 b1.47±
0.42 bc4 71.21±
2.48 b72.97±
4.00 b72.50±
4.80 ab73.36±
7.76 b74.35±
7.01 ab74.18±
7.20 b71.06±
8.70 ab72.47±
8.00 b70.75±
6.16 a72.07±
3.34 b4.33±
1.76 b4.58±
2.11 b5.48±
0.79 ab5.70±
2.39 ab8.24±
1.47 b8.42±
3.08 ab3.46±
0.89 b3.81±
1.86 b1.20±
0.87 bc2.04±
1.00 ab5 71.74±
7.13 b80.92±
6.47 a72.10±
0.45 ab80.96±
2.97 ab73.89±
2.93 ab82.38±
5.60 ab70.81±
7.44 ab74.87±
8.65 b70.29±
4.23 a73.22±
5.96 b4.33±
2.28 b4.46±
1.33 b5.51±
1.50 ab5.60±
1.43 ab6.43±
1.86 b6.89±
1.38 b2.45±
0.96 b3.66±
2.41 b1.04±
1.08 bc1.68±
1.00 b6 75.33±
8.28 a82.52±
4.60 a77.11±
5.49 a84.25±
5.04 a79.04±
2.85 a84.38±
2.71 ab74.25±
4.31 a81.03±
8.66 a72.09±
8.38 a80.31±
9.41 a5.39±
1.02 a5.59±
1.98 ab5.76±
1.65 ab5.69±
1.62 ab9.59±
3.59 a9.43±
3.18 a3.47±
0.75 b4.25±
0.3 ab1.77±
0.88 b2.14±
0.70 ab7 64.43±
3.79 bc73.14±
4.81 b65.50±
1.42 c73.46±
5.29 b68.58±
6.64 b74.85±
7.95 b61.66±
5.88 bc72.45±
3.54 b58.76±
2.59 c71.55±
6.35 b5.06±
1.38 ab5.46±
1.86 ab4.77±
0.42 b5.06±
1.25 b8.72±
2.17 ab8.94±
1.89 ab2.15±
1.13 c3.54±
0.74 b1.27±
0.82 b1.51±
0.40 b8 68.24±
2.53 b72.83±
3.51 b69.65±
5.34 b73.63±
7.29 b69.96±
3.36 b74.15±
9.52 b66.24±
6.51 b71.61±
4.58 b61.92±
3.15 b70.94±
9.07 b4.29±
2.35 b4.48±
3.07 b4.93±
1.45 b4.95±
1.80 b8.14±
0.64 b8.36±
1.78 ab2.70±
1.81 bc2.80±
1.59 bc1.12±
0.82 bc1.33±
0.95 bc9 76.50±
6.71 a82.65±
6.96 a77.58±
3.44 a85.55±
4.75 a78.05±
7.88 a87.08±
6.86 a75.76±
9.26 a82.53±
9.80 a74.79±
7.99 a81.74±
2.18 a5.95±
1.53 a6.19±
1.01 a6.27±
2.27 a6.47±
1.10 a10.13±
3.30 a10.39±
4.40 a3.96±
1.82 a4.55±
1.35 a2.37±
1.24 a2.69±
1.46 a10 75.05±
3.60 a76.29±
5.03 b75.83±
9.13 a77.29±
8.31 b76.75±
4.9 a78.25±
5.35 b70.19±
3.76 ab75.42±
6.43 b68.35±
6.27 b72.54±
5.30 b4.17±
0.6 b4.46±
0.78 b4.74±
1.38 b4.77±
1.25 b7.83±
1.34 b8.30±
2.73 ab3.37±
2.11 b4.08±
2.91 ab1.45±
0.53 b2.02±
0.75 ab11 76.14±
6.75 a76.97±
7.94 b77.25±
6.94 a78.29±
5.27 b78.46±
7.56 a79.42±
9.81 b73.73±
9.74 a76.09±
5.99 ab71.06±
7.34 a74.97±
4.55 b4.43±
1.14 b4.45±
1.66 b4.65±
1.03 b4.71±
2.04 b7.52±
2.40 b7.58±
3.76 b3.29±
0.46 b3.17±
1.01 b1.00±
0.36 c1.15±
0.41 bc12 67.66±
3.14 b73.03±
4.03 b68.25±
1.56 b73.58±
5.56 b73.97±
5.03 ab75.13±
5.00 b67.38±
6.36 b72.36±
5.07 b67.14±
8.20 b71.10±
6.85 b3.85±
1.94 bc3.98±
1.38 bc4.32±
1.16 b4.37±
1.37 b6.55±
2.20 bc6.63±
2.92 b2.13±
1.23 c2.92±
1.07 b1.17±
0.88 bc1.18±
0.66 bc13 68.47±
8.72 b77.57±
6.21 b70.58±
3.46 b77.66±
9.04 b76.49±
5.06 a78.11±
3.28 b65.50±
8.96 b76.59±
5.58 ab64.96±
9.13 b66.54±
7.20 c4.07±
2.3 bc4.09±
1.53 bc4.96±
0.65 b5.17±
1.72 b7.22±
0.96 b8.37±
1.57 b2.94±
0.63 bc3.76±
1.73 b1.30±
0.66 b1.21±
0.37 bc14 72.08±
8.46 b74.98±
4.32 b73.36±
5.67 ab75.93±
4.85 b75.37±
5.32 ab76.28±
8.50 b67.36±
7.93 b72.21±
6.44 b66.83±
7.62 b71.37±
7.20 b4.04±
0.73 bc4.26±
0.71 bc4.64±
0.37 b5.16±
0.60 b7.12±
1.84 b7.72±
2.01 b2.45±
0.30 b3.55±
2.11 b1.33±
0.41 b0.93±
0.30 c同列不同小写字母表示处理间在P<5%水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at P<5% level. 表 4 氮磷钾肥配施处理下薏苡不同部位籽粒结实特性方差分析
Table 4. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for seed-setting characteristics of different parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L. seeds under NPK fertilization treatments
变异来源
Source of variation结实率
Seed setting rate充实度
Grain plumpness千粒重
1000-grain weight总粒重
Total grain weight处理 Treatment 9.75** 550.47** 639.01** 1203.11** 地点 Site 0.71 643.11 130.95 365.86 部位 Part 565.36** 930.74** 398.31** 418.75** 处理×地点 Treatment × site 11.97 398.30 11.97 660.39 处理×部位 Treatment × part 1.88 149.15 58.13 122.05 地点×部位 Site × part 2.16 495.51 382.88 430.85 处理×地点×部位 Treatment × site × part 2.17 95.28 77.11 160.82 **: P<0.01; ns—差异不显著, 下同。**-P<0.01; ns-Non-significant difference, same below. 表 5 不同施肥处理的薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆特征参数
Table 5. Characteristics of seed filling parameters of different parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L. seeds with different fertilization treatments
处理
Treatment部位
Part生长曲线方程
Growth curve equationR² R0 Tmax (d) Wmax (mg) Va (mg·d−1) Vmax (mg·d−1) D (d) 屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town1 上 Up W=70.21/(1+2102e−0.21t)1/7.26 W=68.05/(1+1053e−0.19t)1/5.17 0.9884 0.9801 0.02 0.03 26.42 27.94 48.50 45.69 0.81 0.95 1.36 1.56 76.40 65.47 中 Middle W=74.12/(1+1384e−0.18t)1/6.48 W=70.86/(1+880e−0.17t)1/4.75 0.9821 0.9880 0.02 0.03 29.77 27.61 47.34 47.81 0.79 0.95 1.31 1.54 74.11 69.14 下1 Basal 1 W=73.67/(1+316e−0.15t)1/4.64 W=69.74/(1+487e−0.17t)1/3.94 0.9783 0.9692 0.02 0.03 26.67 26.20 48.75 48.84 0.88 1.05 1.42 1.68 73.95 66.96 下2 Basal 2 W=74.14/(1+52e−0.10t)1/2.88 W=64.65/(1+191e−0.10t)1/3.20 0.9799 0.8501 0.02 0.03 26.96 27.67 42.31 42.70 0.82 0.93 1.28 1.46 70.78 60.64 下3 Basal 3 W=69.92/(1+171e−0.14t)1/3.04 W=62.32/(1+209e−0.13t)1/2.71 0.9704 0.9757 0.02 0.04 28.20 28.06 41.17 41.58 0.88 1.07 1.22 1.48 70.46 57.31 2 上 Up W=81.28/(1+26e−0.10t)1/2.41 W=81.14/(1+24e−0.10t)1/1.84 0.9771 0.9892 0.03 0.06 22.60 24.93 48.90 46.06 0.98 1.09 1.52 1.67 83.16 74.64 中 Middle W=77.28/(1+793e−0.17t)1/5.06 W=78.16/(1+474e−0.15t)1/3.60 0.9835 0.9924 0.04 0.04 29.50 30.71 54.14 51.16 0.94 1.11 1.53 1.77 82.41 70.45 下1 Basal 1 W=85.17/(1+120e−0.11t)1/3.50 W=82.69/(1+442e−0.15t)1/3.63 0.9726 0.9930 0.03 0.04 29.53 31.13 55.43 54.23 0.93 1.13 1.47 1.81 91.86 73.04 下2 Basal 2 W=78.53/(1+127e−0.13t)1/3.01 W=78.53/(1+33e−0.10t)1/1.75 0.9618 0.9864 0.03 0.06 28.72 28.95 49.54 45.94 1.02 1.11 1.61 1.70 77.08 73.68 下3 Basal 3 W=79.61/(1+73e−0.11t)1/2.29 W=134.35/(1+7e−0.05t)1/0.83 0.9859 0.9908 0.04 0.06 29.95 43.44 47.34 64.87 1.07 1.20 1.66 1.79 74.22 112.31 3 上 Up W=70.73/(1+4320e−0.22t)1/6.34 W=72.05/(1+12490e−0.34t)1/10.39 0.9860 0.9942 0.05 0.05 29.17 33.91 51.66 57.02 0.95 1.00 1.57 1.73 74.60 71.87 中 Middle W=71.90/(1+5744e−0.21t)1/5.69 W=76.67/(1+552e−0.16t)1/3.58 0.9948 0.9801 0.04 0.05 31.58 30.99 51.50 50.15 1.02 1.12 1.68 1.78 70.33 68.77 下1 Basal 1 W=69.75/(1+258e−0.15t)1/3.43 W=75.14/(1+54e−0.11t)1/2.16 0.9888 0.9452 0.04 0.05 28.56 27.76 45.21 44.12 0.97 1.05 1.54 1.62 71.84 71.48 下2 Basal 2 W=67.82/(1+3464482e−0.36t)1/9.04 W=71.95/(1+8697e−0.38t)1/8.53 0.9970 0.9876 0.04 0.05 35.43 35.66 52.55 55.25 1.11 1.32 1.90 2.25 60.89 54.34 下3 Basal 3 W=68.58/(1+493777e−0.32t)1/6.81 W=73.12/(1+6113e−0.37t)1/8.07 0.9924 0.9805 0.04 0.05 34.81 36.57 50.72 55.65 1.25 1.34 2.09 2.27 54.87 54.45 4 上 Up W=74.00/(1+339e−0.16t)1/3.82 W=76.45/(1+118e−0.13t)1/2.74 0.9740 0.9884 0.05 0.05 27.74 27.02 49.04 47.26 1.03 1.12 1.64 1.76 72.05 68.13 中 Middle W=75.50/(1+164e−0.12t)1/3.30 W=87.29/(1+55e−0.10t)1/2.08 0.9777 0.9771 0.04 0.05 31.04 32.56 48.54 50.84 0.90 1.08 1.42 1.67 84.20 80.76 下1 Basal 1 W=69.93/(1+178e−0.15t)1/2.98 W=75.41/(1+41e−0.11t)1/1.47 0.9759 0.9859 0.04 0.07 27.06 26.49 44.02 42.28 1.06 1.20 1.67 1.84 65.99 62.79 下2 Basal 2 W=66.65/(1+530e−0.16t)1/3.62 W=66.97/(1+636e−0.18t)1/3.09 0.9588 0.9884 0.05 0.06 29.51 28.27 43.68 42.46 1.00 1.24 1.60 1.96 66.55 54.01 下3 Basal 3 W=70.04/(1+3858e−0.18t)1/4.58 W=152.0/(1+4e−0.04t)1/0.55 0.9704 0.9894 0.05 0.07 35.46 48.05 48.14 68.96 1.01 1.24 1.64 1.84 69.38 123.17 5 上 Up W=105/(1+3e−0.04t)1/0.91 W=86.72/(1+59e−0.10t)1/2.41 0.9748 0.9819 0.04 0.04 27.51 31.88 51.68 52.15 0.89 1.29 1.33 1.53 118.11 87.95 中 Middle W=135/(1+3e−0.03t)1/0.65 W=162.15/(1+6e−0.04t)1/0.87 0.9679 0.9976 0.05 0.05 39.19 50.12 62.88 79.11 0.89 1.15 1.32 1.73 102.91 80.42 下1 Basal 1 W=86.03/(1+4e−0.06t)1/1.06 W=73.16/(1+6097e−0.20t)1/5.34 0.9608 0.9874 0.05 0.04 23.55 33.57 43.52 51.79 0.87 1.04 1.30 1.71 99.40 70.09 下2 Basal 2 W=72.44/(1+84e−0.13t)1/2.57 W=70.27/(1+77246e−0.27t)1/6.24 0.9841 0.9904 0.06 0.04 26.42 34.30 44.15 51.17 1.05 1.17 1.63 1.94 69.24 59.98 下3 Basal 3 W=65.43/(1+15024e−0.23t)1/5.95 W=63.34/(1+20872e−0.40t)1/8.68 0.9910 0.9924 0.05 0.05 33.18 36.28 47.24 48.77 0.97 1.20 1.60 2.04 67.34 52.76 6 上 Up W=74.03/(1+135e−0.14t)1/3.41 W=78.12/(1+202e−0.14t)1/3.58 0.9886 0.9892 0.04 0.04 24.99 27.65 47.94 51.09 1.01 1.02 1.60 1.63 73.55 76.55 中 Middle W=75.73/(1+510e−0.15t)1/4.11 W=71.71/(1+3983e−0.22t)1/5.30 0.9962 0.9902 0.04 0.04 30.61 29.71 50.93 50.67 0.98 1.09 1.57 1.79 77.66 85.53 下1 Basal 1 W=74.74/(1+116e−0.13t)1/2.86 W=67.59/(1+194e−0.15t)1/3.22 0.9918 0.9946 0.04 0.05 27.72 25.64 46.63 43.24 1.03 1.03 1.61 1.64 72.75 85.37 下2 Basal 2 W=75.35/(1+48e−0.11t)1/1.89 W=80.21/(1+32e−0.11t)1/1.36 0.9859 0.9936 0.05 0.08 27.81 28.33 43.02 42.71 1.13 1.34 1.73 2.13 66.88 89.99 下3 Basal 3 W=71.09/(1+48e−0.15t)1/2.91 W=78.05/(1+41.30e−0.11t)1/1.36 0.9837 0.9958 0.06 0.08 30.96 30.31 44.51 41.53 1.13 1.31 1.78 1.98 62.72 89.72 续表5 处理
Treatment部位
Part生长曲线方程
Growth curve equationR² R0 Tmax (d) Wmax (mg) Va (mg·d−1) Vmax (mg·d−1) D (d) 屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town7 上 Up W=72.92/(1+8916e−0.25t)1/6.91 W=73.03/(1+1482e−0.22t)1/4.74 0.9843 0.9950 0.05 0.05 28.01 26.07 54.07 50.52 1.05 1.19 1.75 1.94 69.72 61.20 中 Middle W=70.55/(1+152e−0.13t)1/3.46 W=69.55/(1+86e−0.13t)1/2.91 0.9720 0.9835 0.04 0.05 27.39 25.64 45.81 43.54 0.89 0.94 1.42 1.47 79.12 74.20 下1 Basal 1 W=71.74/(1+1051e−0.17t)1/4.65 W=83.66/(1+84e−0.11t)1/2.49 0.9944 0.9926 0.04 0.04 30.87 31.47 49.44 50.66 0.95 1.04 1.54 1.63 75.76 80.13 下2 Basal 2 W=63.53/(1+7199e−0.22t)1/5.65 W=65.59/(1+7262e−0.36t)1/7.85 0.9665 0.9906 0.04 0.05 31.32 31.33 45.44 49.69 0.95 1.21 1.56 2.05 67.04 54.02 下3 Basal 3 W=64.84/(1+9115e−0.21t)1/5.38 W=68.44/(1+6184e−0.17t)1/3.95 0.9936 0.9898 0.04 0.04 33.99 34.09 45.95 45.66 0.96 1.02 1.57 1.64 67.51 67.01 8 上 Up W=77.51/(1+51e−0.12t)1/2.88 W=87.62/(1+78e−0.10t)1/2.72 0.9920 0.9936 0.04 0.04 23.90 30.57 48.42 54.08 0.96 1.02 1.50 1.59 80.98 86.05 中 Middle W=71.25/(1+1474e−0.19t)1/4.81 W=78.11/(1+1171e−0.18t)1/3.91 0.9974 0.9906 0.04 0.05 28.74 31.14 49.43 52.01 1.04 1.21 1.69 1.94 68.44 64.63 下1 Basal 1 W=76.19/(1+63e−0.11t)1/2.53 W=83.37/(1+352e−0.14t)1/2.94 0.9817 0.9898 0.04 0.05 27.74 33.30 46.32 52.34 0.98 1.21 1.52 1.90 78.14 68.92 下2 Basal 2 W=85.53/(1+9.31e−0.07t)1/1.09 W=81.33/(1+186e−0.13t)1/2.32 0.9821 0.9960 0.05 0.06 29.44 32.99 43.53 48.50 1.01 1.25 1.51 1.94 85.11 65.02 下3 Basal 3 W=86.20/(1+95e−0.13t)1/2.04 W=67.15/(1+1659e−0.13t)1/3.19 0.9809 0.9876 0.07 0.06 27.70 32.36 37.82 42.88 1.12 1.25 1.53 1.97 58.25 53.82 9 上 Up W=68.40/(1+6064e−0.25t)1/7.50 W=68.24/(1+6064e−0.25t)1/7.50 0.9888 0.9862 0.07 0.08 26.71 20.30 51.43 37.74 0.90 1.15 1.52 1.74 75.83 63.17 中 Middle W=68.91/(1+25580e−0.25t)1/8.83 W=71.17/(1+2343e−0.30t)1/8.56 0.9898 0.9769 0.03 0.07 30.82 23.42 53.21 40.21 0.82 1.14 1.40 1.75 83.8 68.23 下1 Basal 1 W=71.57/(1+376e−0.17t)1/4.05 W=69.27/(1+11597e−0.30t)1/6.89 0.9847 0.9924 0.03 0.09 26.46 21.67 48.00 37.44 1.01 1.38 1.63 2.10 70.73 57.51 下2 Basal 2 W=67.07/(1+49034e−0.26t)1/7.77 W=68.50/(1+10100e−0.23t)1/5.00 0.9874 0.9807 0.04 0.07 32.51 25.32 50.73 40.10 1.23 1.32 1.86 2.05 72.64 59.95 下3 Basal 3 W=68.30/(1+2766e−0.21t)1/4.99 W=69.46/(1+418e−0.16t)1/2.9 0.9904 0.9594 0.03 0.10 29.76 27.62 44.92 37.14 1.18 1.17 1.89 1.75 65.88 62.33 10 上 Up W=74.45/(1+128e−0.16t)1/3.30 W=78.1/(1+73e−0.14t)1/5.25 0.9803 0.9918 0.04 0.06 22.55 24.27 47.88 47.41 1.14 1.20 1.81 1.87 65.34 65.10 中 Middle W=71.13/(1+1453e−0.21t)1/5.44 W=75.15/(1+4835e−0.22t)1/5.96 0.9847 0.9920 0.05 0.04 26.41 29.93 50.52 54.28 1.01 1.06 1.66 1.74 70.34 71.16 下1 Basal 1 W=67.61/(1+405725e−0.37t)1/8.99 W=68.60/(1+42169e−0.30t)1/6.61 0.9946 0.9916 0.04 0.04 28.48 29.59 52.35 50.46 1.16 1.18 1.97 1.96 58.47 58.16 下2 Basal 2 W=64.11/(1+7360e−0.26t)1/5.72 W=67.44/(1+68648e−0.39t)1/6.32 0.9928 0.9785 0.04 0.06 27.25 29.83 45.96 49.21 1.09 1.58 1.79 1.87 58.86 42.77 下3 Basal 3 W=63.17/(1+713e−0.18t)1/3.72 W=65.77/(1+2338e−0.20t)1/4.01 0.9872 0.9884 0.05 0.05 28.11 31.67 41.65 44.02 1.03 1.10 1.65 1.76 61.30 59.83 11 上 Up W=76.33/(1+8420713e−0.25t)1/6.65 W=73.90/(1+1081e−0.18t)1/3.32 0.9938 0.9910 0.05 0.05 28.55 29.16 56.23 53.31 1.10 1.28 1.84 2.12 69.20 57.69 中 Middle W=78.59/(1+1957e−0.20t)1/5.14 W=84.36/(1+85e−0.12t)1/2.33 0.9930 0.9825 0.04 0.05 29.63 29.37 55.22 50.35 1.10 1.19 1.80 1.85 71.27 70.77 下1 Basal 1 W=78.09/(1+402e−0.16t)1/3.90 W=83.20/(1+779e−0.17t)1/3.52 0.9829 0.9708 0.04 0.05 27.90 31.95 51.97 54.20 1.10 1.27 1.76 2.03 71.05 65.27 下2 Basal 2 W=71.37/(1+1839e−0.22t)1/4.01 W=71.96/(1+17034e−0.27t)1/4.85 0.9878 0.9811 0.04 0.06 26.79 30.22 47.76 49.99 1.16 1.42 1.66 2.11 52.56 50.70 下3 Basal 3 W=68.65/(1+375e−0.17t)1/3.00 W=67.89/(1+795e−0.18t)1/3.34 0.9833 0.9845 0.06 0.06 27.21 29.74 43.27 43.74 1.02 1.17 1.62 1.86 56.46 58.01 12 上 Up W=76.28/(1+39e−0.10t)1/2.54 W=73.2/(1+1081e−0.18t)1/4.62 0.9841 0.9736 0.06 0.04 25.14 30.57 46.40 50.38 0.92 0.99 1.43 1.60 83.10 74.22 中 Middle W=76.28/(1+39e−0.10t)1/2.54 W=67.27/(1+25196e−0.32t)1/7.37 0.9870 0.9986 0.04 0.04 25.14 32.13 46.40 50.40 0.92 1.17 1.43 1.96 83.10 57.68 下1 Basal 1 W=70.11/(1+835e−0.10t)1/4.23 W=67.78/(1+54136e−0.35t)1/7.41 0.9944 0.9870 0.04 0.05 29.51 32.27 47.43 50.86 1.01 1.25 1.62 2.10 69.63 54.25 下2 Basal 2 W=68.01/(1+1306e−0.19t)1/4.08 W=67.82/(1+7897e−0.24t)1/4.12 0.9952 0.9876 0.04 0.06 30.06 31.60 45.68 45.61 1.07 1.33 1.72 2.13 63.41 51.13 下3 Basal 3 W=63.20/(1+49846e−0.26t)1/6.40 W=65.76/(1+4286e−0.21t)1/3.73 0.9956 0.9930 0.05 0.06 33.77 33.33 46.24 43.35 1.00 1.21 1.66 1.94 63.39 54.20 续表5 处理
Treatment部位
Part生长曲线方程
Growth curve equationR² R0 Tmax (d) Wmax (mg) Va (mg·d−1) Vmax (mg·d−1) D (d) 屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town屯脚
Tunjiao
Town下山
Xiashan
Town13 上 Up W=73.82/(1+615e−0.17t)1/5.05 W=75.23/(1+574e−0.21t)1/3.74 0.9677 0.9859 0.04 0.06 26.69 24.33 51.69 49.61 0.94 1.36 1.54 2.17 78.40 55.43 中 Middle W=71.50/(1+1105e−0.19t)1/5.00 W=74.39/(1+254e−0.17t)1/3.04 0.9631 0.9880 0.04 0.06 28.14 25.42 49.97 46.98 0.98 1.29 1.60 2.03 73.00 57.84 下1 Basal 1 W=73.70/(1+347e−0.18t)1/3.19 W=76.38/(1+337e−0.20t)1/2.66 0.9918 0.9912 0.04 0.07 25.41 24.61 47.06 46.89 1.31 1.61 2.07 2.52 56.33 47.31 下2 Basal 2 W=68.61/(1+4203e−0.22t)1/4.86 W=70.39/(1+290e−0.18t)1/2.62 0.9966 0.9813 0.06 0.07 29.64 25.87 47.69 43.07 1.14 1.39 1.86 2.17 60.13 50.72 下3 Basal 3 W=62.46/(1+357e−0.18t)1/2.78 W=66.18/(1+90e−0.14t)1/2.14 0.9940 0.9966 0.05 0.07 26.14 26.00 38.72 38.77 1.17 1.15 1.90 1.78 51.46 57.46 14 上 Up W=76.10/(1+14e−0.09t)1/1.82 W=71.47/(1+11e−0.11t)1/1.31 0.9970 0.9908 0.07 0.04 20.82 29.33 43.06 53.25 0.99 1.08 1.52 1.85 76.94 62.05 中 Middle W=70.29/(1+94e−0.13t)1/3.21 W=68.20/(1+26e−0.12t)1/1.71 0.9978 0.9916 0.05 0.04 24.31 33.01 44.93 54.68 0.94 1.04 1.48 1.77 74.89 62.98 下1 Basal 1 W=74.69/(1+6e−0.09t)1/0.98 W=68.20/(1+36e−0.15t)1/1.58 0.9823 0.9886 0.04 0.04 20.14 31.46 37.24 51.34 1.16 1.20 1.74 1.81 64.52 49.37 下2 Basal 2 W=72.57/(1+242e−0.14t)1/3.28 W=67.55/(1+158e−0.17t)1/2.27 0.9934 0.9946 0.09 0.05 28.92 32.58 46.59 47.87 1.02 1.39 1.62 2.15 71.04 51.01 下3 Basal 3 W=70.58/(1+103e−0.12t)1/2.40 W=74.71/(1+12.68e−0.09t)1/0.97 0.9880 0.9841 0.05 0.05 29.19 31.61 42.40 40.94 1.03 1.45 1.61 2.18 68.28 63.82 变异来源
Source of variation处理 Treatment ** ** ** ** ** ** 部位 Part ** ** ** ** ** ** 地点 Site ns ns ns ns ns ns 处理×部位 Treatment × part ns ns ns ns ns ns 处理×地点 Treatment × site ns ns ns ns ns ns 部位×地点 Part × site ns ns ns ns ns ns 处理×部位×地点 Treatment × part × site ns ns ns ns ns ns R2:决定系数; R0:灌浆起始势; Tmax:灌浆速率达到最大时需要的天数; Wmax:灌浆速率达到最大值的粒重; Va:平均灌浆速率; Vmax:籽粒最大灌浆速率; D:籽粒活跃灌浆期。 R2: decision factor; R0: Grouting starting potential; Tmax: number of days required to reach maximum grouting rate; Wmax: grain weight at maximum grouting rate; Va: average grouting rate; Vmax: maximum seed filling rate; D: active seed filling period. 表 6 氮、磷、钾肥对薏苡的千粒重效应
Table 6. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the thousand grain weight of Coix lacryma-jobi L.
处理
Treatment氮肥施用量
Nitrogen fertilizer application rate
(kg·hm−2)千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)处理
Treatment磷肥施用量
Phosphorus fertilizer application rate
(kg·hm−2)千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)处理
Treatment钾肥施用量
Potassium fertilizer application rate
(kg·hm−2)千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)2 0 71.89 4 0 69.63 8 0 74.82 3 135 75.50 5 75 79.90 9 112.5 79.69 6 270 73.24 6 150 75.50 6 225 75.86 11 405 70.06 7 225 70.06 10 337.5 70.06 表 7 薏苡千粒重≥75 g的频率分布及农艺措施
Table 7. Frequency distribution and agronomic measures for Coix lacryma-jobi L. with a thousand grain weight ≥ 75g
水平 Level N P K 频数
Frequency频率
Relative frequency频数
Frequency频率
Relative frequency频数
Frequency频率
Relative frequency0 2 0.1429 2 0.1429 4 0.2857 1 5 0.3571 12 0.8571 4 0.2857 2 4 0.2857 0 0 3 0.2143 3 3 0.2143 0 0 3 0.2143 总计 Total 14 1 14 1 14 1 加权平均数
Weighted average1.5714 0.8571 1.3571 标准差SE
Standard deviation SE1.0164 0.3631 1.1507 95%置信区间
95% confidence interval0.9846~2.1583 0.6475~1.0668 0.6927~2.0216 最佳施肥范围
Optimal range of fertilizer application rate (kg·hm−2)40.5008~80.9880 37.5003~75.0006 56.2496~112.5060 -
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