基于“三生功能”的乡村植被分类与命名方案

熊高明; 葛结林; 毛江涛; 徐文婷; 徐凯; 谢宗强

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230359

基于“三生功能”的乡村植被分类与命名方案

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230359

熊高明^1,,
葛结林¹,
毛江涛^{1, 2},
徐文婷¹,
徐凯¹,
谢宗强^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室　北京　100093
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　101408

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1100403)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
熊高明, 研究方向为植物群落与生态保护。E-mail: xgm@ibcas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
谢宗强, 主要研究方向为森林动态与生态保护。E-mail: xie@ibcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: Q948
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-30
- 录用日期: 2023-08-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-21

A classification and nomenclature scheme for rural vegetation based on the ecological-production-living functions

XIONG Gaoming^1
,,
GE Jielin¹,
MAO Jiangtao^{1, 2},
XU Wenting¹,
XU Kai¹,
XIE Zongqiang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

Funds: This study was supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China (2019YFD1100403).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: xie@ibcas.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 乡村植被具有重要的生态、生产与生活功能(三生功能)。乡村植被分类是生产空间、生活空间和生态空间(三生空间)规划的基础, 对美丽乡村建设和乡村振兴具有重要指导作用。目前国内的植被分类系统关于栽培植被的分类还不够完善, 尤其是承载生活功能的绿地植被没有纳入分类系统中。为了科学开展乡村植被的分类与命名, 本文通过梳理我国植被分类学的主要研究成果, 重点针对乡村植被分类研究中比较薄弱的农业植被和绿地植被进行了深入研究和探讨, 构建了1套包含9个分类等级单位的乡村植被分类系统。该系统基于“三生功能”, 增设了绿地植被类型, 将乡村植被划分为自然与半自然植被、农业植被、绿地植被3个植被类, 每类植被进一步划分植被型组、植被型、植被亚型、群系组、群系、亚群系、群丛组、群丛8个分类等级。在此基础上, 明确了各分类等级的划分依据与命名方法, 并进行了举例说明, 提出了乡村植被的分类与命名参考方案, 将中国乡村植被划分为3个植被类、23个植被型组、66个植被型和142个植被亚型。本研究阐明了目前植被分类研究中各类植被定义界限不清、分类和命名比较混乱的问题, 弥补了当前农业植被分类与命名存在的一些缺陷, 填补了绿地植被分类研究的空缺, 是对中国植被分类系统的补充与完善。研究结果可为乡村植被功能评价与保护管理、乡村空间规划等提供科学依据。
- 乡村植被 /
- 生态功能 /
- 生产功能 /
- 生活功能 /
- 自然与半自然植被 /
- 农业植被 /
- 绿地植被
Abstract: Agricultural intensification has resulted in a simplification of agricultural landscapes by the expansion of agricultural land, enlargement of field size and removal of non-crop habitat. Rural vegetation is the key component of the agricultural landscapes by producing food, fiber, fuel, and performing ecosystem services such as recycling of nutrients, regulation of microclimate and local hydrological processes. The classification of vegetation is the base for surveying, monitoring and management of rural vegetation. However, until now, the green space vegetation, one of the cultivated vegetation types has not been listed in the vegetation classification system of China, and little is known about the functional role of green space vegetation in production and regulation of rural landscapes. Here, we reviewed the China’s literature about different vegetation classification and developed a renewal framework for rural vegetation classification system. The system includes 9 classification units. First, the rural vegetation is classified into 3 vegetation categories: natural and semi-natural vegetation, agricultural vegetation and green space vegetation (level 0, the highest- level unit). Then, each of the highest-level unit is classified into 3 upper-level units (levels 1-3, followed by vegetation formation group, vegetation formation, and vegetation subformation), 3 middle-level units (levels 4-6, followed by alliance group, alliance, and suballiance), and 2 lower-level units (levels 7-8, followed by association group, and association). We clarified the division basis and naming method for each classification level unit with examples, and proposed a reference scheme for the classification and nomenclature of rural vegetation. Followed the common classification principle of “plant community-ecology” that was widely used in China, we renewed the classification principles and naming methods according to the functions of the three vegetation categories. Among them, natural and semi-natural vegetation focuses on the comprehensive ecological conditions and community appearance, agricultural vegetation highlights the functional use, cultivation conditions and farming system of crops, and green space vegetation focuses on landscape appearance and community assembly. Based on the scheme, China's rural vegetation is classified into 3 vegetation categories, including 23 vegetation formation groups, 66 vegetation formations and 142 vegetation subformations. Natural and semi-natural vegetation includes 6 vegetation formation groups (Forest, Shrubland, Herbaceous Vegetation, Desert, Alpine Tundra and Sparse Vegetation, Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation), 30 vegetation formations, and 81 vegetation subformations. Agricultural vegetation includes 13 vegetation formation groups (Food Crop, Vegetable Crop, Fruit Crop, Flower Crop, Oilseed Crop, Fiber Crop, Sugar Crop, Medicine Crop, Beverage Crop, Forage Crop, Tobacco Crop, Spice Crop, Other Crops), 23 vegetation formations, and 40 vegetation subformations. Green space vegetation includes 4 vegetation formation groups (Arbor Green Space, Shrub Green Space, Herb Green Space, Wetland Green Space), 13 vegetation formations and 21 vegetation subformations. This research clarified the definition boundary of different classification units, and illustrate the nomenclature of various types of vegetation in the current vegetation classification research. Thus, the study modified some shortcomings in the classification and nomenclature of agricultural vegetation, and renewing the vegetation classification system of China by extending the green space vegetation into the system. The results will benefit for protection, management, as well as spatial planning of rural landscape.
- Rural vegetation /
- Ecological function /
- Production function /
- Living function /
- Natural and semi-natural vegetation /
- Agricultural vegetation /
- Green space vegetation

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表 1 乡村植被分类系统层次结构及示例

Table 1. Hierarchy for rural vegetation classification system with example

植被分类层次结构 Hierarchy for vegetation			举例 Example
高级单位 Upper level	0级 Level 0	植被类 Vegetation category	自然与半自然植被 Natural and Semi-Natural Vegetation	农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	绿地植被 Green Space Vegetation
	1级 Level 1	植被型组 Vegetation formation group	森林 Forest	蔬菜作物 Vegetable Crop	乔木绿地 Arbor Green Space
	2级 Level 2	植被型 Vegetation formation	常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	草本蔬菜作物 Herbaceous Vegetable Crop	落叶阔叶乔木绿地 Deciduous Broadleaf Arbor Green Space
	3级 Level 3	植被亚型 Vegetation subformation	寒温性常绿针叶林 Cold-Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	温性草本蔬菜作物 Temperate Herbaceous Vegetable Crop	温性落叶阔叶乔木绿地 Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Arbor Green Space
中级单位 Middle level	4级 Level 4	群系组 Alliance group	云杉林 Picea Forest Alliance Group	葱蒜类蔬菜作物 Allium Vegetable Crop Alliance Group	柽柳乔木绿地 Tamarix Arbor Green Space Alliance Group
	5级 Level 5	群系 Alliance	白扦林 Picea meyeri Forest Alliance	韭菜 Allium tuberosum Vegetable Crop Alliance	柽柳乔木绿地 Tamarix chinensis Arbor Green Space Alliance
	6级 Level 6	亚群系 Suballiance	沙地白扦林 Picea meyeri Sandland Forest Suballiance	大棚韭菜 Allium tuberosum Greenhouse Vegetable Crop Suballiance	盐碱性柽柳乔木绿地 Tamarix chinensis Saline-Alkali Arbor Green Space Suballiance
低级单位 Lower level	7级 Level 7	群丛组 Association group	沙地白扦-草本群丛组 Picea meyeri - Herb Sandland Association Group	大棚韭菜+蔬菜群丛组 Allium tuberosum + Vegetable Crop Greenhouse Association Group	盐碱性柽柳-草本群丛组 Tamarix chinensis - Herb Saline-Alkali Association Group
低级单位 Lower level	8级 Level 8	群丛 Association	沙地白扦-菊叶委陵菜群丛 Picea meyeri - Potentilla tanacetifolia Sandland Association	大棚韭菜+番茄群丛 Allium tuberosum + Solanum lycopersicum Greenhouse Association	盐碱性柽柳-碱蓬群丛 Tamarix chinensis - Suaeda glauca Saline-Alkali Association

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表 2 乡村植被分类系统高级单位划分方案

Table 2. Classification scheme for upper levels of rural vegetation classification system

植被类 Vegetation category	植被型组 Vegetation formation group	植被型 Vegetation formation	植被亚型 Vegetation subformation
自然与半自然植被 Natural and Semi-Natural Vegetation	森林 Forest	植被型组以下的分类单位依据参考文献[16]划分为30个植被型和81个植被亚型 The classification units below the vegetation formation group are classified according to the referrence [16], including 30 vegetation formations and 81 vegetation subformations.
	灌丛 Shrubland
	草本植被 Herbaceous Vegetation
	荒漠 Desert
	高山冻原与稀疏植被 Alpine Tundra and Sparse Vegetation
	沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation
农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	粮食作物 Food Crop	草本粮食作物 Herbaceous Food Crop	温性草本粮食作物 Temperate Herbaceous Food Crop
		草本粮食作物 Herbaceous Food Crop	热性草本粮食作物 Tropical Herbaceous Food Crop
		木本粮食作物 Woody Food Crop	热性木本粮食作物 Tropical Woody Food Crop
	蔬菜作物 Vegetable Crop	草本蔬菜作物 Herbaceous Vegetable Crop	温性草本蔬菜作物 Temperate Herbaceous Vegetable Crop
		草本蔬菜作物 Herbaceous Vegetable Crop	热性草本蔬菜作物 Tropical Herbaceous Vegetable Crop
		木本蔬菜作物 Woody Vegetable Crop	温性木本蔬菜作物 Temperate Woody Vegetable Crop
		木本蔬菜作物 Woody Vegetable Crop	热性木本蔬菜作物 Tropical Woody Vegetable Crop
	水果作物 Fruit Crop	草本水果作物 Herbaceous Fruit Crop	温性草本水果作物 Temperate Herbaceous Fruit Crop
		草本水果作物 Herbaceous Fruit Crop	热性草本水果作物 Tropical Herbaceous Fruit Crop
		木本水果作物 Woody Fruit Crop	温性木本水果作物 Temperate Woody Fruit Crop
		木本水果作物 Woody Fruit Crop	热性木本水果作物 Tropical Woody Fruit Crop
	花卉作物 Flower Crop	草本花卉作物 Herbaceous Flower Crop	温性草本花卉作物 Temperate Herbaceous Flower Crop
		草本花卉作物 Herbaceous Flower Crop	热性草本花卉作物 Tropical Herbaceous Flower Crop
		木本花卉作物 Woody Flower Crop	温性木本花卉作物 Temperate Woody Flower Crop
		木本花卉作物 Woody Flower Crop	热性木本花卉作物 Tropical Woody Flower Crop
	油料作物 Oilseed Crop	草本油料作物 Herbaceous Oilseed Crop	温性草本油料作物 Temperate Herbaceous Oilseed Crop
		草本油料作物 Herbaceous Oilseed Crop	热性草本油料作物 Tropical Herbaceous Oilseed Crop
		木本油料作物 Woody Oilseed Crop	热性木本油料作物 Tropical Woody Oilseed Crop
	纤维作物 Fiber Crop	草本纤维作物 Herbaceous Fiber Crop	温性草本纤维作物 Temperate Herbaceous Fiber Crop
	纤维作物 Fiber Crop	草本纤维作物 Herbaceous Fiber Crop	热性草本纤维作物 Tropical Herbaceous Fiber Crop
	糖料作物 Sugar Crop	草本糖料作物 Herbaceous Sugar Crop	温性草本糖料作物 Temperate Herbaceous Sugar Crop
	糖料作物 Sugar Crop	草本糖料作物 Herbaceous Sugar Crop	热性草本糖料作物 Tropical Herbaceous Sugar Crop
	药用作物 Medicine Crop	草本药用作物 Herbaceous Medicine Crop	温性草本药用作物 Temperate Herbaceous Medicine Crop
		草本药用作物 Herbaceous Medicine Crop	热性草本药用作物 Tropical Herbaceous Medicine Crop
		木本药用作物 Woody Medicine Crop	温性木本药用作物 Temperate Woody Medicine Crop
		木本药用作物 Woody Medicine Crop	热性木本药用作物 Tropical Woody Medicine Crop
	饮料作物 Beverage Crop	草本饮料作物 Herbaceous Beverage Crop	温性草本饮料作物 Temperate Herbaceous Beverage Crop
农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	饮料作物 Beverage Crop	木本饮料作物 Woody Beverage Crop	热性木本饮料作物 Tropical Woody Beverage Crop
	饲料作物 Forage Crop	草本饲料作物 Herbaceous Forage Crop	温性草本饲料作物 Temperate Herbaceous Forage Crop
		草本饲料作物 Herbaceous Forage Crop	热性草本饲料作物 Tropical Herbaceous Forage Crop
		木本饲料作物 Woody Forage Crop	温性木本饲料作物 Temperate Woody Forage Crop
		木本饲料作物 Woody Forage Crop	热性木本饲料作物 Tropical Woody Forage Crop
	烟草作物 Tobacco Crop	草本烟草作物 Herbaceous Tobacco Crop	热性草本烟草作物 Tropical Herbaceous Tobacco Crop
	香辛料作物 Spice Crop	草本香辛料作物 Herbaceous Spice Crop	温性草本香辛料作物 Temperate Herbaceous Spice Crop
		草本香辛料作物 Herbaceous Spice Crop	热性草本香辛料作物 Tropical Herbaceous Spice Crop
		木本香辛料作物 Woody Spice Crop	热性木本香辛料作物 Tropical Woody Spice Crop
	其他作物 Other Crops	其他草本作物 Other Herbaceous Crops	温性其他草本作物 Temperate Other Herbaceous Crops
		其他草本作物 Other Herbaceous Crops	热性其他草本作物 Tropical Other Herbaceous Crops
		其他木本作物 Other Woody Crops	温性其他木本经济作物 Temperate Other Woody Crops
		其他木本作物 Other Woody Crops	热性其他木本经济作物 Tropical Other Woody Crops
绿地植被 Green Space Vegetation	乔木绿地 Arbor Green Space	落叶针叶乔木绿地 Deciduous Needleleaf Arbor Green Space	温性落叶针叶乔木绿地 Temperate Deciduous Needleleaf Arbor Green Space
		落叶针叶乔木绿地 Deciduous Needleleaf Arbor Green Space	热性落叶针叶乔木绿地 Tropical Deciduous Needleleaf Arbor Green Space
		常绿针叶乔木绿地 Evergreen Needleleaf Arbor Green Space	温性常绿针叶乔木绿地 Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Arbor Green Space
		常绿针叶乔木绿地 Evergreen Needleleaf Arbor Green Space	热性常绿针叶乔木绿地 Tropical Evergreen Needleleaf Arbor Green Space
		落叶阔叶乔木绿地 Deciduous Broadleaf Arbor Green Space	温性落叶阔叶乔木绿地 Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Arbor Green Space
		落叶阔叶乔木绿地 Deciduous Broadleaf Arbor Green Space	热性落叶阔叶乔木绿地 Tropical Deciduous Broadleaf Arbor Green Space
		常绿阔叶乔木绿地 Evergreen Broadleaf Arbor Green Space	热性常绿阔叶乔木绿地 Tropical Evergreen Broadleaf Arbor Green Space
		竹类绿地 Bamboo Green Space	热性竹类绿地 Tropical Bamboo Green Space
	灌木绿地 Shrub Green Space	常绿针叶灌木绿地 Evergreen Needleleaf Shrub Green Space	温性常绿针叶灌木绿地 Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Shrub Green Space
		落叶阔叶灌木绿地 Deciduous Broadleaf Shrub Green Space	温性落叶阔叶灌木绿地 Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Shrub Green Space
		落叶阔叶灌木绿地 Deciduous Broadleaf Shrub Green Space	热性落叶阔叶灌木绿地 Tropical Deciduous Broadleaf Shrub Green Space
		常绿阔叶灌木绿地 Evergreen Broadleaf Shrub Green Space	热性常绿阔叶灌木绿地 Tropical Evergreen Broadleaf Shrub Green Space
		肉质刺灌木绿地 Succulent Thorny Shrub Green Space	热性肉质刺灌木绿地 Tropical Succulent Thorny Shrub Green Space
	草本绿地 Herb Green Space	短期草本绿地 Temporary Herb Green Space	温性短期草本绿地 Temperate Temporary Herb Green Space
		短期草本绿地 Temporary Herb Green Space	热性短期草本绿地 Tropical Temporary Herb Green Space
		长期草本绿地 Permanent Herb Green Space	温性长期草本绿地 Temperate Permanent Herb Green Space
		长期草本绿地 Permanent Herb Green Space	热性长期草本绿地 Tropical Permanent Herb Green Space
	湿地型绿地 Wetland Green Space	木本湿地型绿地 Woody Wetland Green Space	温性木本湿地型绿地 Temperate Woody Wetland Green Space
		木本湿地型绿地 Woody Wetland Green Space	热性木本湿地型绿地 Tropical Woody Wetland Green Space
		草本湿地型绿地 Herbaceous Wetland Green Space	温性草本湿地型绿地 Temperate Herbaceous Wetland Green Space
		草本湿地型绿地 Herbaceous Wetland Green Space	热性草本湿地型绿地 Tropical Herbaceous Wetland Green Space

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