Invasion characteristics and influencing factors of Solidago canadensis in leisure-tourism villages in the south of the Yangtze River
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摘要: 外来入侵植物严重威胁着乡村地区植物多样性并削弱了其生态系统服务功能, 成为乡村振兴和美丽乡村建设中亟待解决的突出问题。本研究选择江南休闲旅游型乡村牌坊社区, 基于127个植物群落样地调查数据, 定量探究了外来入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花入侵特征及其影响因素。结果发现: 1)加拿大一枝黄花的高度分布呈正态分布, 盖度呈明显正偏态分布, 其在乡村区域呈现出多点散状分布模式, 局部形成单优群落, 存在进一步扩散的趋势。2)加拿大一枝黄花高度和盖度受到不同因素的制约, 其高度与群落中本地植物物种数量和盖度表现出显著负相关, 其中本地植物物种数量的相对作用最大; 其盖度随着距农田距离、本地植物物种数量和盖度的增加呈现减小趋势; 本地植物物种数量和盖度的交互作用显著抑制了加拿大一枝黄花的盖度, 本地植物盖度对加拿大一枝黄花盖度的抑制作用随着群落中本地植物物种数量的增加而增强。本研究发现本地植物的群落属性在抑制加拿大一枝黄花入侵乡村中起着关键作用, 拓宽了对外来植物在乡村景观中入侵机制的理解, 强调了发展休闲旅游迫切需要将外来入侵植物的监测防控纳入乡村生态景观规划中, 为乡村外来入侵植物综合防治提供了科学依据。Abstract: Invasive plants have posed a serious threat to plant diversity in rural areas, weakened their ecosystem service functions, and became a prominent issue that urgently needs to be addressed in rural revitalization and beautiful rural construction. In this study, based on the survey data of 127 sampling plots of invaded plant community, we aimed to explore the invasion degree and influencing factors of the invasive plant Solidago canadensis in a leisure-tourism village in the south of the Yangtze River. The height of S. canadensis showed a normal distribution, while its coverage displayed a significantly positive-skewed distribution. In rural areas, it displayed a multi-point scattered distribution pattern, forming a single optimal community locally, and it exhibited a trend of further potential dispersal. It was also found that the height and coverage of S. canadensis were differentially affected by various factors in the rural environments. Specifically, the height of S. canadensis was only negatively correlated with species number and coverage characteristics of local native plant species in the community, in which native plant species number played a more important role. In contrast, the coverage of S. canadensis showed a decreasing trend with increasing distance from the farmland, and height and coverage of local native species. The interactive impact of local plant species number and coverage on the coverage of S. canadensis was not significantly regulated by the distance from farmland. Moreover, the interaction between local native species number and coverage significantly suppressed the coverage of S. canadensis, and the inhibitory effect of local plant coverage on the coverage of S. canadensis increased with the increase in the number of local native plant species in the rural community. In conclusion, the leisure-tourism-type villages have become a severely affected area for the invasion and spread of S. canadensis. This study also identifies the fundamental role of multiple community attributes of local native plant species in resisting invasiveness of the single alien plant species and broadens our current understanding of the invasion mechanism of the single invasive plants in rural landscapes. Therefore, the results stress the urgent need to incorporate monitoring and prevention of invasive plant species into rural ecological landscape planning for the development of leisure-tourism in the future, and thus provide a solid scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of invasive plants in different rural areas and maintaining rural biodiversity during the construction of beautiful rural areas.
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Key words:
- Invasive plant /
- Rural landscape /
- Native plant /
- Invasion degree /
- Biodiversity /
- Rural ecological planning and design
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图 1 休闲旅游型乡村外来入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花采样点的空间分布示意图
Figure 1. Spatial distribution of sampling sites of alien invasive plant Solidago canadensis at the leisure-tourism-type village
图 2 休闲旅游型乡村外来入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花高度和盖度的频率分布
竖线表示加拿大一枝黄花高度和盖度的总体平均值。The vertical lines indicate the overall mean of height and coverage of Solidago canadensis.
Figure 2. Frequency distribution of height and coverage of alien invasive plant Solidago canadensis at the leisure-tourism-type village
图 3 休闲旅游型乡村不同植被类型中外来入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花高度和盖度
不同小写字母表示不同植被类型间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different vegetations (P<0.05).
Figure 3. Height and coverage of alien invasive plant Solidago canadensis in different vegetations at the leisure-tourism-type village
图 4 休闲旅游型乡村不同生境类型中外来入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花的高度和盖度
不同小写字母表示不同生境间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different habitats (P<0.05).
Figure 4. Height and coverage of alien invasive plants Solidago canadensis in different habitats at the leisure-tourism-type village
图 5 休闲旅游型乡村加拿大一枝黄花高度和盖度与自然和人为因素以及本地植物群落特征的相关性
图中右上半部分表示自然和人为活动因素彼此间的相关性, *表示相关性显著(P<0.05), 方块大小表示相关性强度。The upper right part of the figure shows the correlations among natural and human activity factors, and * indicates significant correlations (P<0.05), while the size of the filled box indicates the strength of the correlations.
Figure 5. Correlations between height and coverage of alien invasive plant Solidago canadensis and natural and human activity factors and native plant attributes at the leisure-tourism-type village
图 6 休闲旅游型乡村加拿大一枝黄花的高度(A)和盖度(B)与自然和人为活动因子的关系
误差棒代表95%置信区间; 95%置信区间不与0重叠表示统计学意义显著(P<0.05)。标准化回归系数绝对值越高, 因子相对影响作用越大; 两个自变量之间的冒号表示它们之间的交互作用。Error bars represent the 95% of confidence intervals (CI) of the parameter estimates. If 95% of CI do not overlap with 0, it indicates statistically significant (P<0.05). The larger the absolute standardized coefficient, the larger effect of these factors. Colon between two independent variables indicates their interaction.
Figure 6. Relationships between height (A) and cover (B) of alien invasive plant Solidago canadensis and natural and human activity factors at the leisure-tourism-type village
图 7 休闲旅游型乡村本地植物数量和盖度对加拿大一枝黄花盖度的交互影响
所有变量均做标准化处理, 采用标准离差方法对本地植物物种数量做离散化处理并划分为低中高3组。All variables are standardized. According to the standard deviation method, the variable species number of native plant is discretized and divided into three groups: low, medium and high.
Figure 7. Interactive effect of coverage and number of native plant on coverage of alien invasive plant Solidago Canadensis at the leisure-tourism-type village
表 1 休闲旅游型乡村加拿大一枝黄花采样点总体特征
Table 1. Overall characteristics of sampling sites of Solidago canadensis at the leisure-tourism-type village
环境因子
Environmental factor平均值
Mean变化范围
Range海拔 Altitude (m) 50.73 18.39~122.08 距居民点距离
Distance from residential area (m)165.27 1.86~628.52 距道路距离 Distance from road (m) 74.49 0.04~498.83 距池塘距离 Distance from pond (m) 79.62 2.07~302.25 距茶园距离 Distance from tea garden (m) 616.30 0.00~1997.50 距农田距离 Distance from farmland (m) 1229.42 0.24~3898.92 本地植物高度 Native plant height (m) 1.37 0.15~8.35 本地植物盖度 Native plant cover (%) 14.95 5.00~95.00 本地植物物种数量
Native plant species number10.52 1.00~37.00 
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