闽西生态保护型乡村植物多样性特征及维护策略

葛结林; 熊高明; 徐文婷; 毛江涛; 秦晓琼; 马博宇; 徐凯; 高璐鑫; 李家湘; 武元帅; 谢宗强

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230378

闽西生态保护型乡村植物多样性特征及维护策略

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230378

葛结林^1,,
熊高明¹,
徐文婷¹,
毛江涛^{1, 2},
秦晓琼³,
马博宇^{1, 2},
徐凯¹,
高璐鑫^{1, 2},
李家湘⁴,
武元帅⁴,
谢宗强^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室　北京　100093
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　101408
3.
重庆市丰都县七跃山林场　重庆　408200
4.
中南林业科技大学　长沙　410004

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目课题(2019YFD1100403)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
葛结林, 主要从事森林动态与物质循环过程研究。E-mail: gejielin@ibcas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
谢宗强, 主要研究方向为森林动态与生态保护。E-mail: xie@ibcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: Q948
计量
- 文章访问数: 53
- HTML全文浏览量: 22
- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-06
- 录用日期: 2023-09-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-25

Characteristics and maintenance strategies of plant diversity in an ecologically protected rural village in western Fujian

GE Jielin^1
,,
XIONG Gaoming¹,
XU Wenting¹,
MAO Jiangtao^{1, 2},
QIN Xiaoqiong³,
MA Boyu^{1, 2},
XU Kai¹,
GAO Luxin^{1, 2},
LI Jiaxiang⁴,
WU Yuanshuai⁴,
XIE Zongqiang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
3.
Qiyue Mountain Forest Farm, Chongqing 408200, China
4.
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China

Funds: This study was supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China (2019YFD1100403)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: xie@ibcas.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 植物多样性是乡村生态振兴和可持续发展的基石, 研究乡村植物多样性特征及其影响因素对维持、提升乡村生物多样性具有重要理论和实践意义。本研究通过野外调查, 解析闽西生态保护型乡村常口村植物种类组成和群落类型, 阐明自然因素和人为活动因素对乡村植物群落组成的影响。本研究主要结果如下: 1)共调查到578种植物物种, 隶属130科378属, 其中野生植物物种396种, 农业栽培物种53个, 表现出高度的植物多样性; 外来入侵植物有17种, 以菊科为主, 尚未对乡村生态环境构成威胁。2)共发现106个群系, 其中自然与半自然植被52个群系, 农业植被25个、绿地植被29个, 群系类型具有地域代表性; 自然与半自然植被以森林为主, 农业和绿地植被面积很小, 绿地植被以为樟树+桂花配置为主, 其种类组成主要为亚热带乡村常见的绿化树种。3)整体上乡村不同地点的物种组成差异与彼此间综合环境因子差异显著正相关, 其中自然与半自然植被的物种组成主要受自然因素的制约, 绿地植被的物种组成差异随距道路距离和距居民点距离的增加而显著增加。结果表明, 生态保护型乡村是植物多样性的重要保留地, 具有重要的维护价值; 乡村不同空间的植物种类组成及其群落类型截然不同, 海拔在其中扮演着关键作用。研究结果突出了将生态保护型乡村纳入现有国家和区域生物多样性保护管理体系的必要性, 强调了乡村植物多样性的分区管理和构建生境网络等多种维护与提升策略, 为我国其他地区乡村振兴过程中植物多样性维护提供了有益的示范与借鉴。
- 乡村景观 /
- 物种组成 /
- 植物群落 /
- 植物多样性 /
- 生态保护型乡村
Abstract: Plant diversity plays a fundamental role in rural ecological revitalization and sustainable development. Studying the characteristics and influencing factors of rural plant diversity has important theoretical and practical implications for maintaining and enhancing rural biodiversity. In this study, we identified the species composition and community types of plant species and explored the effects of natural and human activities in Changkou Village, an ecologically protected village in western Fujian Province. We found a total of 578 plant species, belonging to 130 families and 378 genera, including 396 wild plant species and 53 agricultural cultivated species, exhibiting high plant diversity. There are 17 species of invasive plants that have not yet posed a threat to the rural biodiversity. The flora of seed plants in this rural area is complex, with 14 distribution types of genera, including 188 tropical genera and showed a transitional feature from tropical to temperate zones. There were 106 plant vegetation alliances, including 52 natural and semi-natural vegetation alliances, 25 agricultural vegetation alliances, and 29 green space vegetation alliances, which are representative of this subtropical region. The natural and semi-natural vegetation is mainly composed of different natural and semi-natural forests such as Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance and Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance, while the agricultural and green space vegetation areas are very small. The green space vegetation is mainly composed of Cinnamomum camphora and Osmanthus fragrans, and species composition is mainly common greenspace tree species in subtropical rural areas. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the differences in species composition in different rural areas and the differences in comprehensive environmental factors. Specifically, the species composition of natural vegetations was mainly driven by natural factors, while the species composition differences of green space vegetation significantly increased with anthropogenic factors such as distance from roads and residential areas. Overall, these results have indicated that ecologically protected rural areas are important reserves for plant diversity and have important maintenance value. The composition of plant species and vegetation alliance in different vegetation categories in rural areas are completely different, where altitude plays a dominant role. Our findings highlight the urgent need to incorporate ecological conservation oriented rural areas into these biodiversity conservation management systems, emphasize various maintenance and improvement strategies such as zoning management of rural plant diversity and building habitat networks, and provide useful references for promoting plant diversity in the process of rural revitalization in other regions of China.
- Rural landscape /
- Species composition /
- Plant community /
- Plant diversity /
- Ecological protection village

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图 1 生态保护型乡村(常口村)植物多样性调查样点的空间分布

Figure 1. Spatial distribution of sampling points of the plant diversity survey in the ecological protection village (Changkou Village)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 自然因素和人为活动因素对生态保护型乡村物种组成差异(Jaccard指数)的影响

阴影部分表示95%置信区间。图中未显示相关性不显著的因素。

Figure 2. Effects of natural and human factors on species composition differences (Jacard species index) in the ecological protection village

The shade indicates the 95% of confidence interval. Factors that are not significantly associated with species composition differences are not shown in the figure.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 福建三明常口村植物群落类型

Table 1. Community type of plants at Changkou Village of Sanming City, Fujian Province

植被类 Vegetation category			植被型组 Vegetation formation group	群系 Alliance
名称 Name	平均种数 Average species number	种数范围 Range of species number	植被型组 Vegetation formation group	群系 Alliance
自然与半自然植被 Natural and Semi-natural Vegetation	11.9	1~33	森林 Forest (39)	黄甜竹林、赤杨叶林、细柄蕈树林、绿竹林、樟林、米槠林、栲林、鹿角锥林、苦槠林、南酸枣林、杉木+赤杨叶林、杉木+米槠林、杉木+栲林、杉木+枫香树林、杉木+毛竹林、杉木+木荷林、杉木林、黄竹林、红果山胡椒林、枫香树林、鹅掌楸林、润楠林、绒毛润楠林、毛竹林、马尾松+细柄蕈树林、马尾松+木荷林、马尾松+米槠林、马尾松+栲林、马尾松+鹿角锥林、马尾松+南酸枣林、马尾松+黄绒润楠林、马尾松+福建青冈林、马尾松林、苦竹林、福建青冈林、青冈林、乌冈栎林、木荷林、南方红豆杉林 Acidosasa edulis Forest Alliance, Alniphyllum fortunei Forest Alliance, Altingia gracilipes Forest Alliance, Bambusa oldhamii Forest Alliance, Camphora officinarum Forest Alliance, Castanopsis carlesii Forest Alliance, Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance, Castanopsis lamontii Forest Alliance, Castanopsis sclerophylla Forest Alliance, Choerospondias axillaris Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Alniphyllum fortunei Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Castanopsis carlesii Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Liquidambar formosana Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Phyllostachys edulis Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Schima superba Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest Alliance, Dendrocalamus membranaceus Forest Alliance, Lindera erythrocarpa Forest Alliance, Liquidambar formosana Forest Alliance, Liriodendron chinense Forest Alliance, Machilus nanmu Forest Alliance, Machilus velutina Forest Alliance, Phyllostachys edulis Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Altingia gracilipes Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis carlesii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis carlesii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis lamontii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Choerospondias axillaris Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Quercus chungii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Quercus chungii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana Forest Alliance, Pleioblastus amarus Forest Alliance, Quercus chungii Forest Alliance, Quercus glauca Forest Alliance, Quercus phillyreoides Forest Alliance, Schima superba Forest Alliance, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei Forest Alliance
			灌丛 Shrubland (2)	檵木灌丛、盐麸木灌丛 Loropetalum chinense Shrubland Alliance, Rhus chinensis Shrubland Alliance
			草本植被 Herbaceous Vegetation (10)	薏苡草丛、野茼蒿草丛、狗牙根草丛、具芒碎米莎草草丛、马唐草丛、稗草丛、葎草草丛、莠竹草丛、五节芒草丛、双穗雀稗草丛 Coix lacryma-jobi Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Crassocephalum crepidioides Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Cynodon dactylon Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Cyperus microiria Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Digitaria sanguinalis Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Echinochloa crus-galli Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Humulus scandens Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Microstegium vimineum Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Miscanthus floridulus Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Paspalum distichum Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance
			沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation (1)	凤眼莲+双穗雀稗水生群落Eichhornia crassipes Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation Alliance
农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	9.36	1~26	油料作物 Oilseed Crop (3)	油茶、落花生、大豆 Camellia oleifera Oilseed Crop Alliance, Arachis hypogaea Oilseed Crop Alliance, Glycine max Oilseed Crop Alliance
			药用作物 Medicine Crop (1)	无患子 Sapindus saponaria Medicine Crop Alliance
			香辛料作物 Spice Crop (2)	辣椒、姜 Capsicum annuum Spice Crop Alliance, Zingiber officinale Spice Crop Alliance
			糖料作物 Sugar Crop (1)	甘蔗 Saccharum officinarum Sugar Crop Alliance
			水果作物 Fruit Crop (6)	樱桃、桃、枇杷、茅栗、柑橘、板栗 Prunus pseudocerasus Fruit Crop Alliance, Prunus persica Fruit Crop Alliance, Eriobotrya japonica Fruit Crop Alliance, Castanea seguinii Fruit Crop Alliance, Citrus reticulata Fruit Crop Alliance, Castanea mollissima Fruit Crop Alliance
			蔬菜作物 Vegetable Crop (7)	芋头、莴苣、蕹菜、茄子、黄瓜、参薯、菜豆 Colocasia esculenta Vegetable Crop Alliance, Lactuca sativa Vegetable Crop Alliance, Ipomoea aquatica Vegetable Crop Alliance, Solanum melongena Vegetable Crop Alliance, Cucumis sativus Vegetable Crop Alliance, Dioscorea alata Vegetable Crop Alliance, Phaseolus vulgaris Vegetable Crop Alliance
			粮食作物 Food Crop (3)	玉米、水稻、番薯 Oryza sativa Food Crop Alliance, Zea mays Food Crop Alliance, Ipomoea batatas Food Crop Alliance
			花卉作物 Flower Crop (2)	水蜡树、木樨 Ligustrum obtusifolium Flower Crop Alliance, Osmanthus fragrans Flower Crop Alliance
绿地植被 Green Space Vegetation	9.85	1~36	乔木绿地 Arbor Green Space (17)	重阳木乔木绿地、浙江新木姜子乔木绿地、樟乔木绿地、响叶杨乔木绿地、乌桕乔木绿地、水杉乔木绿地、肉桂乔木绿地、日本女贞乔木绿地、朴树乔木绿地、木樨乔木绿地、吉贝乔木绿地、鸡爪槭乔木绿地、合欢乔木绿地、旱柳乔木绿地、枫香树乔木绿地、杜英乔木绿地、梣叶槭乔木绿地 Bischofia polycarpa Arbor Green Space Alliance, Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis Arbor Green Space Alliance, Camphora officinarum Arbor Green Space Alliance, Populus adenopoda Arbor Green Space Alliance, Triadica sebifera Arbor Green Space Alliance, Metasequoia glyptostroboides Arbor Green Space Alliance, Cinnamomum cassia Arbor Green Space Alliance, Ligustrum japonicum Arbor Green Space Alliance, Celtis sinensis Arbor Green Space Alliance, Osmanthus fragrans Arbor Green Space Alliance, Ceiba pentandra Arbor Green Space Alliance, Acer palmatum Arbor Green Space Alliance, Albizia julibrissin Arbor Green Space Alliance, Salix atsudana Arbor Green Space Alliance, Liquidambar formosana Arbor Green Space Alliance, Elaeocarpus decipiens Arbor Green Space Alliance, Acer negundo Arbor Green Space Alliance
			灌木绿地 Shrub Green Space (7)	叶子花灌木绿地、水蜡树灌木绿地、山茶灌木绿地、金柑灌木绿地、火棘灌木绿地、红叶石楠灌木绿地、萼距花灌木绿地 Bougainvillea spectabilis Shrub Green Space Alliance, Ligustrum obtusifolium Shrub Green Space Alliance, Camellia japonica Shrub Green Space Alliance, Citrus japonica Shrub Green Space Alliance, Pyracantha fortuneana Shrub Green Space Alliance, Photinia × fraseri Shrub Green Space Alliance, Cupheahookeriana Shrub Green Space Alliance
			草本绿地 Herb Green Space (4)	山菅兰草本绿地、雀稗草本绿地、风车草草本绿地、百日菊草本绿地 Dianella ensifolia Herb Green Space Alliance, Paspalum thunbergii Herb Green Space Alliance, Cyperus involucratus Herb Green Space Alliance ,Zinnia elegans Herb Green Space Alliance
			湿地型绿地 Wetland Green Space (1)	荷花湿地型绿地 Nelumbo nucifera Wetland Green Space Alliance
植被型组列括号中数据为此型组中群系数量。The data in parentheses of column vegetation formation group indicates the number of formations in this group.

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表 2 生态保护型乡村不同植被类型的物种组成差异与自然和人为活动因素的相关性

Table 2. Relationships between species composition differences and natural and anthropogenic factors of different vegetation types in the ecological protection village

影响因素 Influencing factor	自然与半自然植被 Natural and semi-natural vegetation	农业植被 Agricultural vegetation	绿地植被 Green space vegetation
地理距离 Geographical distance	0.06^*	0.04	0.06
海拔 Altitude	0.12^*	0.22^*	0.05
距道路距离 Distance from road	0.07^*	0.00	0.16^*
距河流距离 Distance from river	−0.02	0.00	0.06
距居民点距离 Distance from residential area	0.08^*	0.01	0.03^*
坡度 Slope	0.06	0.02	−0.04
坡向 Aspect	−0.01	0.01	0.07
^*: P<0.05.

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表 3 常口村与福建省、三明市、龙栖山国家级自然保护区维管植物数量的比较

Table 3. Comparisons of vascular plant species number among different regions

地区 Region	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	资料来源 Data source
福建全省 Whole Fujian Province	256	1807	5587	[36]
三明市 Sanming City	182	748	1652	[34]
龙栖山国家级自然保护区 Longqishan National Nature Reserve	172	615	1363	[35]
常口村 Changkou village	130	378	578	本研究 This study

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