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闽西生态保护型乡村植物多样性特征及维护策略

葛结林 熊高明 徐文婷 毛江涛 秦晓琼 马博宇 徐凯 高璐鑫 李家湘 武元帅 谢宗强

葛结林, 熊高明, 徐文婷, 毛江涛, 秦晓琼, 马博宇, 徐凯, 高璐鑫, 李家湘, 武元帅, 谢宗强. 闽西生态保护型乡村植物多样性特征及维护策略[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230378
引用本文: 葛结林, 熊高明, 徐文婷, 毛江涛, 秦晓琼, 马博宇, 徐凯, 高璐鑫, 李家湘, 武元帅, 谢宗强. 闽西生态保护型乡村植物多样性特征及维护策略[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230378
GE J L, XIONG G M, XU W T, MAO J T, QIN X Q, MA B Y, XU K, GAO L X, LI J X, WU Y S, XIE Z Q. Characteristics and maintenance strategies of plant diversity in an ecologically protected rural village in western Fujian[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230378
Citation: GE J L, XIONG G M, XU W T, MAO J T, QIN X Q, MA B Y, XU K, GAO L X, LI J X, WU Y S, XIE Z Q. Characteristics and maintenance strategies of plant diversity in an ecologically protected rural village in western Fujian[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230378

闽西生态保护型乡村植物多样性特征及维护策略

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230378
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目课题(2019YFD1100403)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    葛结林, 主要从事森林动态与物质循环过程研究。E-mail: gejielin@ibcas.ac.cn

    通讯作者:

    谢宗强, 主要研究方向为森林动态与生态保护。E-mail: xie@ibcas.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: Q948

Characteristics and maintenance strategies of plant diversity in an ecologically protected rural village in western Fujian

Funds: This study was supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China (2019YFD1100403)
More Information
  • 摘要: 植物多样性是乡村生态振兴和可持续发展的基石, 研究乡村植物多样性特征及其影响因素对维持、提升乡村生物多样性具有重要理论和实践意义。本研究通过野外调查, 解析闽西生态保护型乡村常口村植物种类组成和群落类型, 阐明自然因素和人为活动因素对乡村植物群落组成的影响。本研究主要结果如下: 1)共调查到578种植物物种, 隶属130科378属, 其中野生植物物种396种, 农业栽培物种53个, 表现出高度的植物多样性; 外来入侵植物有17种, 以菊科为主, 尚未对乡村生态环境构成威胁。2)共发现106个群系, 其中自然与半自然植被52个群系, 农业植被25个、绿地植被29个, 群系类型具有地域代表性; 自然与半自然植被以森林为主, 农业和绿地植被面积很小, 绿地植被以为樟树+桂花配置为主, 其种类组成主要为亚热带乡村常见的绿化树种。3)整体上乡村不同地点的物种组成差异与彼此间综合环境因子差异显著正相关, 其中自然与半自然植被的物种组成主要受自然因素的制约, 绿地植被的物种组成差异随距道路距离和距居民点距离的增加而显著增加。结果表明, 生态保护型乡村是植物多样性的重要保留地, 具有重要的维护价值; 乡村不同空间的植物种类组成及其群落类型截然不同, 海拔在其中扮演着关键作用。研究结果突出了将生态保护型乡村纳入现有国家和区域生物多样性保护管理体系的必要性, 强调了乡村植物多样性的分区管理和构建生境网络等多种维护与提升策略, 为我国其他地区乡村振兴过程中植物多样性维护提供了有益的示范与借鉴。
  • 图  1  生态保护型乡村(常口村)植物多样性调查样点的空间分布

    Figure  1.  Spatial distribution of sampling points of the plant diversity survey in the ecological protection village (Changkou Village)

    图  2  自然因素和人为活动因素对生态保护型乡村物种组成差异(Jaccard指数)的影响

    阴影部分表示95%置信区间。图中未显示相关性不显著的因素。

    Figure  2.  Effects of natural and human factors on species composition differences (Jacard species index) in the ecological protection village

    The shade indicates the 95% of confidence interval. Factors that are not significantly associated with species composition differences are not shown in the figure.

    表  1  福建三明常口村植物群落类型

    Table  1.   Community type of plants at Changkou Village of Sanming City, Fujian Province

    植被类 Vegetation category植被型组
    Vegetation formation group
    群系
    Alliance
    名称
    Name
    平均种数
    Average species number
    种数范围
    Range of
    species number
    自然与半
    自然植被
    Natural and Semi-natural Vegetation
    11.9 1~33 森林
    Forest (39)
    黄甜竹林、赤杨叶林、细柄蕈树林、绿竹林、樟林、米槠林、栲林、鹿角锥林、苦槠林、南酸枣林、杉木+赤杨叶林、杉木+米槠林、杉木+栲林、杉木+枫香树林、杉木+毛竹林、杉木+木荷林、杉木林、黄竹林、红果山胡椒林、枫香树林、鹅掌楸林、润楠林、绒毛润楠林、毛竹林、马尾松+细柄蕈树林、马尾松+木荷林、马尾松+米槠林、马尾松+栲林、马尾松+鹿角锥林、马尾松+南酸枣林、马尾松+黄绒润楠林、马尾松+福建青冈林、马尾松林、苦竹林、福建青冈林、青冈林、乌冈栎林、木荷林、南方红豆杉林
    Acidosasa edulis Forest Alliance, Alniphyllum fortunei Forest Alliance, Altingia gracilipes Forest Alliance, Bambusa oldhamii Forest Alliance, Camphora officinarum Forest Alliance, Castanopsis carlesii Forest Alliance, Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance, Castanopsis lamontii Forest Alliance, Castanopsis sclerophylla Forest Alliance, Choerospondias axillaris Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Alniphyllum fortunei Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Castanopsis carlesii Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Liquidambar formosana Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Phyllostachys edulis Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata + Schima superba Forest Alliance, Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest Alliance, Dendrocalamus membranaceus Forest Alliance, Lindera erythrocarpa Forest Alliance, Liquidambar formosana Forest Alliance, Liriodendron chinense Forest Alliance, Machilus nanmu Forest Alliance, Machilus velutina Forest Alliance, Phyllostachys edulis Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Altingia gracilipes Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis carlesii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis carlesii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis lamontii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Choerospondias axillaris Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Quercus chungii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana + Quercus chungii Forest Alliance, Pinus massoniana Forest Alliance, Pleioblastus amarus Forest Alliance, Quercus chungii Forest Alliance, Quercus glauca Forest Alliance, Quercus phillyreoides Forest Alliance, Schima superba Forest Alliance, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei Forest Alliance
    灌丛
    Shrubland (2)
    檵木灌丛、盐麸木灌丛
    Loropetalum chinense Shrubland Alliance, Rhus chinensis Shrubland Alliance
    草本植被
    Herbaceous Vegetation (10)
    薏苡草丛、野茼蒿草丛、狗牙根草丛、具芒碎米莎草草丛、马唐草丛、稗草丛、葎草草丛、莠竹草丛、五节芒草丛、双穗雀稗草丛
    Coix lacryma-jobi Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Crassocephalum crepidioides Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Cynodon dactylon Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Cyperus microiria Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Digitaria sanguinalis Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Echinochloa crus-galli Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Humulus scandens Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Microstegium vimineum Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Miscanthus floridulus Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance, Paspalum distichum Herbaceous Vegetation Alliance
    沼泽与
    水生植被
    Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation (1)
    凤眼莲+双穗雀稗水生群落Eichhornia crassipes Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation Alliance
    农业植被
    Agricultural Vegetation
    9.36 1~26 油料作物
    Oilseed Crop (3)
    油茶、落花生、大豆
    Camellia oleifera Oilseed Crop Alliance, Arachis hypogaea Oilseed Crop Alliance, Glycine max Oilseed Crop Alliance
    药用作物
    Medicine Crop (1)
    无患子 Sapindus saponaria Medicine Crop Alliance
    香辛料作物
    Spice Crop (2)
    辣椒、姜 Capsicum annuum Spice Crop Alliance, Zingiber officinale Spice Crop Alliance
    糖料作物
    Sugar Crop (1)
    甘蔗 Saccharum officinarum Sugar Crop Alliance
    水果作物
    Fruit Crop (6)
    樱桃、桃、枇杷、茅栗、柑橘、板栗
    Prunus pseudocerasus Fruit Crop Alliance, Prunus persica Fruit Crop Alliance, Eriobotrya japonica Fruit Crop Alliance, Castanea seguinii Fruit Crop Alliance, Citrus reticulata Fruit Crop Alliance, Castanea mollissima Fruit Crop Alliance
    蔬菜作物
    Vegetable Crop (7)
    芋头、莴苣、蕹菜、茄子、黄瓜、参薯、菜豆
    Colocasia esculenta Vegetable Crop Alliance, Lactuca sativa Vegetable Crop Alliance, Ipomoea aquatica Vegetable Crop Alliance, Solanum melongena Vegetable Crop Alliance, Cucumis sativus Vegetable Crop Alliance, Dioscorea alata Vegetable Crop Alliance, Phaseolus vulgaris Vegetable Crop Alliance
    粮食作物
    Food Crop (3)
    玉米、水稻、番薯
    Oryza sativa Food Crop Alliance, Zea mays Food Crop Alliance, Ipomoea batatas Food Crop Alliance
    花卉作物
    Flower Crop (2)
    水蜡树、木樨 Ligustrum obtusifolium Flower Crop Alliance, Osmanthus fragrans Flower Crop Alliance
    绿地植被
    Green Space Vegetation
    9.85 1~36 乔木绿地
    Arbor Green Space (17)
    重阳木乔木绿地、浙江新木姜子乔木绿地、樟乔木绿地、响叶杨乔木绿地、乌桕乔木绿地、水杉乔木绿地、肉桂乔木绿地、日本女贞乔木绿地、朴树乔木绿地、木樨乔木绿地、吉贝乔木绿地、鸡爪槭乔木绿地、合欢乔木绿地、旱柳乔木绿地、枫香树乔木绿地、杜英乔木绿地、梣叶槭乔木绿地
    Bischofia polycarpa Arbor Green Space Alliance, Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis Arbor Green Space Alliance, Camphora officinarum Arbor Green Space Alliance, Populus adenopoda Arbor Green Space Alliance, Triadica sebifera Arbor Green Space Alliance, Metasequoia glyptostroboides Arbor Green Space Alliance, Cinnamomum cassia Arbor Green Space Alliance, Ligustrum japonicum Arbor Green Space Alliance, Celtis sinensis Arbor Green Space Alliance, Osmanthus fragrans Arbor Green Space Alliance, Ceiba pentandra Arbor Green Space Alliance, Acer palmatum Arbor Green Space Alliance, Albizia julibrissin Arbor Green Space Alliance, Salix atsudana Arbor Green Space Alliance, Liquidambar formosana Arbor Green Space Alliance, Elaeocarpus decipiens Arbor Green Space Alliance, Acer negundo Arbor Green Space Alliance
    灌木绿地
    Shrub Green Space (7)
    叶子花灌木绿地、水蜡树灌木绿地、山茶灌木绿地、金柑灌木绿地、火棘灌木绿地、红叶石楠灌木绿地、萼距花灌木绿地
    Bougainvillea spectabilis Shrub Green Space Alliance, Ligustrum obtusifolium Shrub Green Space Alliance, Camellia japonica Shrub Green Space Alliance, Citrus japonica Shrub Green Space Alliance, Pyracantha fortuneana Shrub Green Space Alliance, Photinia × fraseri Shrub Green Space Alliance, Cupheahookeriana Shrub Green Space Alliance
    草本绿地
    Herb Green Space (4)
    山菅兰草本绿地、雀稗草本绿地、风车草草本绿地、百日菊草本绿地
    Dianella ensifolia Herb Green Space Alliance, Paspalum thunbergii Herb Green Space Alliance, Cyperus involucratus Herb Green Space Alliance ,Zinnia elegans Herb Green Space Alliance
    湿地型绿地
    Wetland Green Space (1)
    荷花湿地型绿地 Nelumbo nucifera Wetland Green Space Alliance
      植被型组列括号中数据为此型组中群系数量。The data in parentheses of column vegetation formation group indicates the number of formations in this group.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  生态保护型乡村不同植被类型的物种组成差异与自然和人为活动因素的相关性

    Table  2.   Relationships between species composition differences and natural and anthropogenic factors of different vegetation types in the ecological protection village

    影响因素
    Influencing factor
    自然与半自然植被
    Natural and semi-natural vegetation
    农业植被
    Agricultural vegetation
    绿地植被
    Green space vegetation
    地理距离 Geographical distance0.06*0.040.06
    海拔 Altitude0.12*0.22*0.05
    距道路距离 Distance from road0.07*0.000.16*
    距河流距离 Distance from river−0.020.000.06
    距居民点距离 Distance from residential area0.08*0.010.03*
    坡度 Slope0.060.02−0.04
    坡向 Aspect−0.010.010.07
      *: P<0.05.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  常口村与福建省、三明市、龙栖山国家级自然保护区维管植物数量的比较

    Table  3.   Comparisons of vascular plant species number among different regions

    地区
    Region

    Family

    Genus

    Species
    资料来源
    Data source
    福建全省 Whole Fujian Province25618075587[36]
    三明市 Sanming City1827481652[34]
    龙栖山国家级自然保护区
    Longqishan National Nature Reserve
    1726151363[35]
    常口村
    Changkou village
    130378578本研究
    This study
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-07-06
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