Biodiversity maintenance and warning technology in rural ecological landscapes
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摘要: 针对乡村生态景观中生物多样性维护的保护管理需求, 本研究以物种、基因和生态系统为基础, 采用分子遗传标记、无人机航拍等现代高新技术与传统地面调查相结合的研究方法, 构建了乡土景观生物多样性检测、筛选、分类和空间制图的方法, 解析了生物多样性变化规律和驱动因素, 研发出面向乡村三生空间的基因、物种和生态系统3个层次生物多样性维护技术, 建立了基于“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”的生物多样性监控预警机制和可视化平台, 形成了乡村生态景观生物多样性多尺度全链条“识别-维护-预警”技术体系。研究成果突破了单一学科研究手段的局限性, 为乡土植物的遴选、配置和景观营造提供了“师法自然”的成套技术方案, 解决了乡村生态景观营造中生物多样性的维护技术缺失问题, 为动态管理乡村生物资源和美丽中国建设提供了关键技术支撑。Abstract: Biodiversity in rural landscapes plays a critical role in the vitalization and sustainable development of rural regions. We explored a set of methods for identifying biodiversity at different scales and uncovered the mechanisms that drive biodiversity in rural landscapes. We also formulated technical specifications for the maintenance of biodiversity from genes to ecosystems in rural landscapes. In addition, we developed a framework for biodiversity monitoring and warning systems in rural landscapes based on the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) conceptual mode. We developed a multiscale full-chain technology for biodiversity identification, maintenance, and warning in rural ecological landscapes. This study yielded powerful insights into the biodiversity maintenance mechanism in rural landscapes by integrating multidisciplinary research methods, such as literature research, field survey, and laboratory analysis, and filled the gap in biodiversity maintenance technology in rural ecological landscape construction. Our study plays a theoretical and practical foundation for the development of rural ecological construction models, planting design and configuration, and species selection for the construction of beautiful villages in China. Furthermore, this multiscale and full-chain technology developed for biodiversity identification, maintenance, and warning in rural ecological landscapes provides key technical support for the dynamic management of rural ecological resources and plays a fundamental role in rural revitalization and the construction of a beautiful China.
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图 2 乡村生态景观生物多样性维护研究技术研发思路
Figure 2. Research and development framework for rural ecological landscape biodiversity maintenance technology
图 3 基于形态标记和ISSR分子标记技术的乡村生态景观生物基因多样性检测方法
Figure 3. Genetic diversity detection method of rural ecological landscape biodiversity based on morphological markers and ISSR molecular marker technology
图 4 乡村生态景观关键物种的筛选方法体系
Figure 4. Screening method system for key species in rural ecological landscapes
图 5 乡村植被分类等级体系
Figure 5. Vegetation classification system in rural ecological landscapes
图 6 乡村生态景观植被空间制图技术
Figure 6. Spatial mapping technology of vegetation in rural ecological landscapes
图 7 乡村生态景观基因多样性维护技术框架
Figure 7. Technical framework for maintaining genetic diversity of rural ecological landscapes
图 8 乡村生态景观物种多样性维护技术框架
Figure 8. Technical framework for species diversity maintenance of rural ecological landscape
图 9 基于三生空间的乡村生态景观生态系统多样性维护技术框架
Figure 9. Technical framework for diversity maintenance of rural ecological landscape ecosystem based on ecological-production-living space
图 10 乡村生态景观生物多样性维护预警“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”(DPSIR)模型
Figure 10. Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model for warning of biodiversity maintenance in rural ecological landscapes
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