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耕作措施与有机肥施用对旱地麦田土壤重金属污染特征的影响

杨娜 王珂 杨志国 张建诚 温云杰 席吉龙

杨娜, 王珂, 杨志国, 张建诚, 温云杰, 席吉龙. 耕作措施与有机肥施用对旱地麦田土壤重金属污染特征的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−10 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230431
引用本文: 杨娜, 王珂, 杨志国, 张建诚, 温云杰, 席吉龙. 耕作措施与有机肥施用对旱地麦田土壤重金属污染特征的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−10 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230431
YANG N, WANG K, YANG Z G, ZHANG J C, WEN Y J, XI J L. Effects of tillage measures and organic manure on soil heavy metal pollution in dryland wheat fields[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−10 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230431
Citation: YANG N, WANG K, YANG Z G, ZHANG J C, WEN Y J, XI J L. Effects of tillage measures and organic manure on soil heavy metal pollution in dryland wheat fields[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−10 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230431

耕作措施与有机肥施用对旱地麦田土壤重金属污染特征的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20230431
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901102)和省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹)(202003-3)项目资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨娜, 主要研究方向为作物栽培与有机旱作技术。E-mail: yn1629@163.com

    通讯作者:

    张建诚, 主要研究方向为作物栽培与有机旱作技术。E-mail: zhangjc@126.com

  • 中图分类号: X825

Effects of tillage measures and organic manure on soil heavy metal pollution in dryland wheat fields

Funds: This study supported by the National Key R&D Project of China (2021YFD1901102) and the State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation) (202003-3).
More Information
  • 摘要: 农田土壤重金属污染是当前突出的环境污染问题之一。为揭示不同耕作措施与长期施用有机肥对土壤重金属积累及生态效应的影响, 本研究以始于2007年的旱地小麦长期定位耕作与施肥试验为基础, 分析了深翻+化肥(T)、深翻+鸡粪+化肥(TM)、免耕+化肥(NT)、免耕+鸡粪+化肥(NTM) 4种处理对旱地小麦0~20 cm土壤pH、电导率(EC)、有机质和全氮含量以及铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和镍(Ni)等重金属含量的影响, 并通过地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对土壤重金属污染状况及生态风险进行评价。结果表明: 与T处理相比, TM、NT和NTM处理土壤pH显著降低1.10%~2.56%, 电导率提高6.19%~57.08%; NTM处理下土壤有机质含量较T处理显著提高33.22%。施鸡粪显著影响土壤重金属的含量, 其中TM和NTM处理土壤总Hg含量较T处理分别显著提高123.60%和150.56%, 有效态Cu、Zn和Cd含量分别显著增加16.89%~23.48%、219.04%~520.99%和2.90%~20.29%。耕作方式同样显著影响各土壤重金属含量, NTM处理下总Hg、总Zn、有效Cu、有效Zn、有效Cd含量较TM处理分别显著提高12.06%、8.11%、5.64%、94.65%和16.90%, 总Pb、有效Pb和总Cr含量分别显著降低63.74%、33.33%和3.14%。4个处理Hg的潜在生态风险指数最高, 表现为T(32.66)<NT(41.45)<TM(72.36)<NTM(81.09), 其他重金属为轻微级别; 综合潜在生态风险污染指数表现为T(79.05)<NT(82.33)<TM(115.27)<NTM(120.00), 为轻度风险级别。综上, 长期免耕和鸡粪施用能够显著降低土壤pH, 增加电导率、全氮和有机质含量, 并提高Cu、Zn和Cd的有效性; 其中, 鸡粪处理中Hg的潜在生态风险指数为中等-强级别, 其他重金属为轻微级别, 综合潜在生态风险污染指数为轻度风险级别, 因此在农业生产过程中应加强有机肥的安全施用技术。
  • 表  1  基于地累积指数(Iego)的农田土壤重金属污染程度分级[21]

    Table  1.   Heavy metal pollution classification of farmland soil based on the geo-accumulation index (Iego)

    地累积指数
    Geo-accumulation index
    分级
    Classification
    污染程度
    Pollution level
    5 <Iego≤ 106极严重 Extremely serious
    4 <Iego≤ 55强—极严重
    Strong-extremely serious
    3 < Iego≤ 44强 Strong
    2 <Iego≤ 33中等-强 Moderate-strong
    1<Iego≤22中等 Moderate
    0<Iego≤ 11轻度-中等 Light-moderate
    Iego≦00无污染 No pollution
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  基于潜在生态危害系数和危害指数的土壤重金属污染程度分级

    Table  2.   The relationship of pollution levels with the potential ecological hazard quotients and indexes

    Eir与污染程度 Eir and pollution levelsRIs与污染程度 RIs and pollution levels
    Eir< 40轻微 LightRIs<150低度 Underdegree
    40 ≤Eir< 80中等 Moderate150≤RIs< 300中度 Moderate
    80 ≤Eir< 160强 Strong300≤RIs<600重度 Severe
    160 ≤Eir< 320很强 StrongerRIs≥600严重 Serious
    Eir≥320极强 Fortissimo
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同耕作和施肥处理下0~20 cm土壤理化性状

    Table  3.   The physicochemical properties of soil (0−20 cm) under different tillage and fertilization treatments

    处理 TreatmentpH电导率 Electric conductivity (mS∙m−1)全氮 Total Nitrogen (%)有机质 Organic matter (g∙kg−1)
    T8.453±0.006a167.00±2.65d0.084±0.000a20.47±1.74b
    TM8.360±0.010b202.33±2.08b0.108±0.004a21.80±1.37ab
    NT8.353±0.015b177.33±5.51c0.119±0.037a25.27±7.17ab
    NTM8.237±0.006c262.33±1.15a0.125±0.033a27.27±1.15a
      小写字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同耕作和施肥处理下0~20 cm土壤重金属总量

    Table  4.   The total amount of heavy metals in soil (0−20 cm) under different tillage and fertilization treatments

     
    (mg·kg−1) 
    处理 TreatmentPbCdAsHgCrCuZnNi
    T38.33±0.58a0.09±0.006a12.90±0.06a0.089±0.001d107.67±2.89a27.00±1.00b71.67±2.31b58.67±1.15b
    TM26.67±2.08b0.08±0.00a12.93±0.09a0.199±0.002b95.67±0.58c29.00±1.00ab74.00±2.00b63.33±1.15a
    NT18.00±1.00c0.08±0.00a12.93±0.09a0.114±0.001c99.00±1.00b28.67±1.15ab73.33±0.58b62.33±1.53a
    NTM9.67±0.58d0.08±0.006a12.67±0.15a0.223±0.001a92.67±1.53d30.00±1.00a80.00±1.00a61.33±1.53a
    pH>7.5筛选值 Screening value1700.6253.4250100300190
    管制值 Control value10004.01006.01300
      同列小写字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同处理0~20 cm土壤重金属有效态含量

    Table  5.   The available heavy metals contents of soil (0−20 cm) under different tillage and fertilization treatments (mg·kg−1)

     
    (mg·kg−1) 
    处理 TreatmentCuZnPbCd
    T1.563±0.006c0.767±0.012c0.0018±0.0003b0.0138±0.0002d
    TM1.827±0.006b2.447±0.188b0.0040±0.0001a0.0142±0.0002c
    NT1.450±0.027c0.807±0.015c0.0014±0.0014b0.0148±0.0002b
    NTM1.930±0.012a4.763±0.160a0.0012±0.0002c0.0166±0.0001a
      同列小写字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  土壤理化性状与重金属有效态含量相关性分析

    Table  6.   The relationship between the soil physicochemical properties and available heavy metals contents

    CuZnPbCd
    pH−0.67−0.88*0.26−0.90*
    EC0.870.99**−0.160.86
    TN0.370.61−0.230.76
    OM0.300.63−0.570.93*
    Cu1.00
    Zn0.92*1.00
    Pb0.30−0.061.00
    Cd0.490.79−0.611.00
      EC: 电导率; TN: 全氮; OM: 有机质; *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01。EC: electrical conductivity; TN: total nitrogen; OM: organic matter.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  不同耕作和施肥处理下0~20 cm土壤重金属地累积指数

    Table  7.   Heavy metal geo-accumulation index value of soil (0−20 cm) under different tillage and fertilization treatments

    重金属
    Heavy metal
    TTMNTNTM
    指数值
    Index value
    等级
    Class
    指数值
    Index value
    等级
    Class
    指数值
    Index value
    等级
    Class
    指数值
    Index value
    等级
    Class
    Pb0.191−0.330−0.900−1.790
    Cd−1.830−2.040−2.040−2.040
    As−0.370−0.360−0.360−0.390
    Hg−0.8900.271−0.5300.431
    Cr−0.360−0.530−0.480−0.570
    Cu−0.530−0.430−0.440−0.380
    Zn−0.410−0.360−0.380−0.250
    Ni−0.540−0.430−0.460−0.480
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  不同耕作与施肥处理下土壤重金属污染指数比较

    Table  8.   The comparison of soil heavy metal pollution index among different tillage and fertilization treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    潜在生态风险指数 Potential ecological risk index综合潜在生态风险指数
    Comprehensively potential ecological risk index
    PbCdAsHgCrCuZnNi
    T8.5712.6811.6232.362.345.191.135.1579.05
    TM5.9710.9111.6572.362.085.581.175.56115.27
    NT4.0310.9111.6541.452.155.511.155.4782.33
    NTM2.1610.9111.4181.092.015.771.265.38120.00
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-08-07
  • 录用日期:  2023-09-26
  • 修回日期:  2023-09-26
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-10-09

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