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摘要: 土壤有机碳固定是驱动土壤肥力演变和陆地生态系统碳平衡的关键过程。鉴于微塑料在土壤生态系统中的持久性和生态环境风险, 其对土壤性质和过程的影响日益受到关注, 但基于土壤碳循环视角关注微塑料介导作用的研究仍相对匮乏。赋存于土壤中的微塑料能够通过间接影响土壤理化性质和直接参与碳循环的方式影响土壤有机碳固存、矿化与消长, 这进一步加剧了土壤有机碳循环过程的不确定性, 也突出了相关研究的迫切性。以此为背景, 本文概述了土壤有机碳固定途径的理论发展, 总结了土壤中微塑料的来源特征, 阐述了微塑料对不同土壤碳库的影响, 并深入探讨了微塑料调控土壤碳循环的可能机制, 最后对微塑料参与下的土壤有机碳循环相关研究进行了展望。结果表明微塑料能够通过影响土壤物理结构的形成与破坏、微生物群落结构多样性、酶活性与功能基因、生物膜的形成、动物的繁殖与生长、植物的生长和根系沉积等对土壤碳的平衡起到介导作用, 同时通过自身参与到土壤全链条生物地球化学循环中而直接影响土壤有机碳循环, 但相关研究仍处于起步阶段, 如何选取科学方法将微塑料周转与有机碳循环过程进行区分与耦合是未来研究的难点。因此, 在现有研究基础上, 通过先进土壤学研究手段的嵌套与改良, 以及研究思路的革新与交叉, 进一步精准区分微塑料源碳在不同有机碳库中的贡献潜力, 探明微塑料直接和间接影响土壤有机碳循环的耦合作用机制, 并推进多因素影响下微塑料参与土壤碳循环过程的研究。Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a key process driving soil fertility evolution and carbon (C) balance in terrestrial ecosystem. The impacts of microplastics on soil properties and processes have received increasing attention due to their persistence and ecological risks in soil ecosystem. However, the role and effect of microplastics on SOC cycling are still unclear. Microplastics can affect the sequestration and mineralization of SOC by indirectly influencing soil physical and chemical properties, and directly participating in the soil C cycle, which further exacerbates the uncertainty of the SOC cycle process. Based on this background, this study outlined the development of SOC sequestration pathways, summarized the sources of microplastics in soils, explained the effects of microplastics on different soil C pools, and deeply discussed the possible mechanisms of microplastics regulating the soil C cycle. Finally, we summarized and prospected the research on SOC cycle involving microplastics. The results showed that microplastics could impact SOC balance by affecting the formation and destruction of soil physical structure, microbial community structure diversity, enzyme activity and functional genes, biofilm formation, animal reproduction and growth, plant growth and root deposition. Meanwhile, microplastics could directly affect SOC cycle by participating in the entire soil biogeochemical cycle. However, related research is still in its infancy, and how to choose scientific methods to distinguish and couple microplastic turnover and SOC cycle is difficult. In future research, it is necessary to further distinguish the contribution potential of microplastic-derived C in different SOC pools, to explore the coupling mechanism of microplastics directly and indirectly affecting the SOC cycle, and to carry out research on the participation of microplastics in the process of SOC cycle under the influence of multi factors through the embedding and improvement of advanced soil study methods, as well as the innovation and crossover of research ideas.
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Key words:
- Microplastics /
- Soil organic carbon /
- Soil carbon cycling
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