李雨阳, 李浩晶, 郝威名, 赵喜辉, 曹静, 徐国伟. 施磷量对不同耐低磷型水稻品质及淀粉合成酶活性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2024, 32(5): 816−826. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230476
引用本文: 李雨阳, 李浩晶, 郝威名, 赵喜辉, 曹静, 徐国伟. 施磷量对不同耐低磷型水稻品质及淀粉合成酶活性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2024, 32(5): 816−826. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230476
LI Y Y, LI H J, HAO W M, ZHAO X H, CAO J, XU G W. Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application rate on grain quality and starch synthase activity of different low-phosphorus-tolerant varieties of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(5): 816−826. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230476
Citation: LI Y Y, LI H J, HAO W M, ZHAO X H, CAO J, XU G W. Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application rate on grain quality and starch synthase activity of different low-phosphorus-tolerant varieties of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(5): 816−826. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230476

施磷量对不同耐低磷型水稻品质及淀粉合成酶活性的影响

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application rate on grain quality and starch synthase activity of different low-phosphorus-tolerant varieties of rice

  • 摘要: 适宜磷肥用量对水稻品质具有一定影响。为明确施磷量对不同耐低磷型水稻品质及其强、弱势粒淀粉合成相关酶活性的影响, 以‘连粳7号’ (弱耐低磷)和‘甬优2640’ (强耐低磷)为供试水稻品种进行盆栽试验, 设置4个磷肥施用量(按P2O5计): 0 kg∙hm−2 (P0)、60 kg∙hm−2 (P60)、120 kg∙hm−2 (P120)、180 kg∙hm−2 (P180), 分析不同施磷量下稻米品质与淀粉合成酶活性之间的关系, 为高品质稻米栽培提供参考。结果表明: 1)与P0相比, 增施磷肥改善了稻米品质。随着施磷量增加, 糙米率、精米率、整精米率呈先增加后降低趋势, 垩白粒率、垩白面积、垩白度、碱消值、直链淀粉含量先降低后增加。‘连粳7号’与‘甬优2640’分别在P120、P60时稻米品质最优, 糙米率、精米率和整精米率分别比P0增加19.6%、25.3%、79.7% (‘连粳7号’)与17.8%、23.5%、38.4% (‘甬优2640’); ‘甬优2640’稻米品质优于‘连粳7号’。2)与P0相比, 增施磷肥提高了水稻籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性。腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(StSase)、蔗糖合成酶(SuSase)、淀粉分支酶(Q-酶)、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)活性随施磷量增加先增加后降低。总体来看, ‘连粳7号’与‘甬优2640’分别在P120、P60时淀粉合成相关酶活性最高, 灌浆中期强势粒AGPase、StSase活性分别比P0增加18.4%、51.1% (‘连粳7号’)与20.0%、51.5% (‘甬 优2640’); ‘甬优2640’籽粒酶活性高于‘连粳7号’。3)不同耐低磷型品种淀粉合成相关酶活性与蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量相关性不同。淀粉合成相关酶显著或极显著影响‘连粳7号’蛋白质含量, 对直链淀粉含量影响较小; 淀粉合成相关酶活性显著或极显著影响‘甬优2640’直链淀粉含量, 对蛋白质含量影响较小。‘连粳7号’与‘甬优2640’分别在P120、P60处理下能够提高强弱势粒中淀粉合成相关酶活性, 促进籽粒中淀粉的合成与积累, 有利于水稻品质改善。

     

    Abstract: Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, significantly affects rice yield and quality. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on the quality of different low-phosphorus-tolerant rice varieties and the enzyme activities of superior and inferior grains. Using ‘Lianjing 7’ (low-phosphorus sensitive) and ‘Yongyou 26040’ (low-phosphorus tolerant) as the experimental rice varieties, four phosphate fertilizer application rates were set: 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg(P2O5)∙hm−2, denoted as P0, P60, P120, and P180, respectively. The relationship between quality and enzyme activity related to starch synthesis in superior and inferior grains of different varieties was analyzed. This study aimed to provide a reference for high-quality rice cultivation. The results demonstrated the following: 1) compared with no phosphorus application, phosphorus fertilization improved rice quality. An increase in the phosphorus application rate resulted in initial increases followed by decreases in brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head rice rate. The chalky grain rate, chalky area, degree of chalkiness, alkali spreading value, and amylose content decreased and then increased. The rice quality of ‘Lianjing 7’ and ‘Yongyou 2640’ were optimized under P120 and P60 treatment, respectively. For example, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head rice increased by 19.6%, 25.3%, and 79.7% (‘Lianjing 7’ under P120 treatment) and 17.8%, 23.5%, and 38.4% (‘Yongyou 2640’ under P60 treatment), respectively, compared with P0 treatment. The quality of ‘Yongyou 2640’ was better than that of ‘Lianjing 7’. 2) Compared with no phosphorus application, phosphorus fertilization enhanced the activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis in rice. With an increase in the phosphorus application rate, the adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), soluble starch synthase (StSase), sucrose synthase (SuSase), starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme), and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities of superior and inferior grains increased and then decreased. Generally, the enzyme activities of ‘Lianjing 7’ and ‘Yongyou 2640’ were highest under P120 and P60 treatment, respectively, under which the AGPase and StSase activities of superior grains in the middle stage of grain filling increased by 18.4% and 51.1% (‘Lianjing 7’) and 20.0% and 51.5% (‘Yongyou 2640’), respectively, compared with P0 treatment. The enzyme activities of ‘Yongyou 2640’ were higher than those of ‘Lianjing 7’. 3) Correlations among protein content, amylose content, and starch synthesis-related enzyme activities were found to vary between different low-phosphorus-tolerantt varieties. The activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis were significantly affected by the protein content of ‘Lianjing 7’, but less affected by the amylose content, while they were significantly affected by the amylose content of ‘Yongyou 2640’, and less affected by its protein content. ‘Lianjing 7’ and ‘Yongyou 2640’ showed the highest enzyme activities of superior and inferior grains under the P120 and P60 treatments, respectively, promoting the synthesis and accumulation of grain starch, giving rise to improved rice quality.

     

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