李佳旺, 徐嘉, 于航, 罗慧, 沈菊培, 陈超, 白鑫, 岳中辉. 土壤脲酶酶促反应对3种有机氮肥施用的响应[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2024, 32(0): 1−9. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230602
引用本文: 李佳旺, 徐嘉, 于航, 罗慧, 沈菊培, 陈超, 白鑫, 岳中辉. 土壤脲酶酶促反应对3种有机氮肥施用的响应[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2024, 32(0): 1−9. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230602
LI J W, XU J, YU H, LUO H, SHEN J P, CHEN C, BAI X, YUE Z H. Response of the soil urease enzymatic reaction to the application of three organic nitrogen fertilizers[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(0): 1−9. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230602
Citation: LI J W, XU J, YU H, LUO H, SHEN J P, CHEN C, BAI X, YUE Z H. Response of the soil urease enzymatic reaction to the application of three organic nitrogen fertilizers[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(0): 1−9. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230602

土壤脲酶酶促反应对3种有机氮肥施用的响应

Response of the soil urease enzymatic reaction to the application of three organic nitrogen fertilizers

  • 摘要: 土壤脲酶(URE)是催化土壤氮素转化的重要酶类, 其酶促反应的动力学和热力学特性能够反映土壤氮素转化的方向和强度, 研究不同形式有机氮肥施用后的土壤脲酶酶促反应过程, 对于维持农田土壤氮素的供应有积极意义。通过为期60 d的小麦盆栽试验, 测定尿素(UR)、猪粪(PM)和白星花金龟子虫粪(BM)施用后土壤脲酶活性在不同温度和底物浓度下的变化, 运用公式计算酶动力学和热力学参数, 并分析其与土壤碳氮组分的关系。结果表明: 氮肥对土壤脲酶动力学和热力学参数均有显著影响(P<0.05); 而升温及其与氮肥的交互作用仅对土壤URE活性、土壤脲酶动力学参数和ΔG有显著影响(P<0.05)。3种氮肥处理后土壤URE活性在不同温度下的变化范围为9.62~234.26 mg·100g−1·24h−1, 土壤脲酶酶促反应特性均表现为Vmax显著增加, ΔG显著降低, 而Vmax/Km无显著变化; 其中UR和PM施用后Km显著增加, 而BM施用后无显著变化; UR和BM施用后Ea、ΔH和ΔS显著降低, 而PM施用后无显著变化。随温度升高, 3种氮肥处理土壤脲酶动力学和热力学参数都显著增加, 在35℃或45℃达到峰值。统计分析结果表明, 氮肥施用后土壤URE活性及其动力学和热力学参数与土壤碳氮组分间存在一定的相关关系, 脲酶动力学和热力学参数是土壤氮素转化的主要因子。综上所述, 3种氮肥处理对土壤脲酶酶促反应的影响存在差异, 可以利用土壤脲酶酶促反应参数来指示氮肥施用后的土壤氮素变化; 与UR和PM相比, BM能够维持土壤脲酶与底物的结合能力, 降低反应所需的能量, 提高反应有序性和自发程度, 更有利于土壤氮素的转化。

     

    Abstract: Soil urease (URE) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of soil nitrogen, and the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of its enzymatic reaction can respond to the direction and intensity of soil nitrogen conversion. The study of the enzymatic reaction process of soil urease after different forms of organic nitrogen fertilizers were applied has a positive significance for the maintenance of nitrogen supply in farmland soils. A 60−d wheat pot experiment was conducted to determine the changes in soil urease activity at different temperatures and substrate concentrations after the application of urea (UR), pig manure (PM) and Potosa brevitarsis manure (BM), to calculate enzyme kinetic and thermodynamic parameters by formulae, and to analyze their relationship with soil carbon and nitrogen fractions. The results showed that: Nitrogen fertilizers significantly (P<0.05) affected both soil urease kinetic and thermodynamic parameters; whereas warming and its interaction with nitrogen fertilizers only significantly (P<0.05) affected soil URE activity, soil urease kinetic parameters, and ΔG. Soil URE activity varied in the range of 9.62~234.26 mg·100g−1·24h−1 after the three nitrogen fertilizer treatments at different temperatures, the soil urease reaction properties showed significant increase in Vmax, significant decrease in ΔG, and no significant change in Vmax /Km; among them, Km was significantly increased by UR and PM, but did not change significantly by BM; and Ea, ΔH, and ΔS were significantly decreased by UR and BM, but did not change significantly by PM. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of soil urease in the three nitrogen fertilizer treatments increased significantly with increasing temperature, and peaked at 35 or 45℃. Statistical analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between soil URE activity, its kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions after nitrogen fertilizers application, and that the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of urease were the main factors of soil nitrogen transformation. In summary, the effects of the three nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the enzymatic reaction of soil urease differed, and the parameters of the enzymatic reaction of soil urease can be used to indicate the changes of soil nitrogen after nitrogen fertilizers application; Compared with UR and PM, BM was able to maintain the binding capacity of soil urease and substrate, reduce the energy required for the reaction, and improve the order and spontaneity of the reaction, which was more conducive to the conversion of soil nitrogen.

     

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