杨映, 张玲玲, 梁华儒, 李小雪, 李慧玲, 任永正, 张雪梅, 刘奕清. 生姜种质资源耐干热性评价及其鉴定指标筛选[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2024, 32(5): 860−876. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230606
引用本文: 杨映, 张玲玲, 梁华儒, 李小雪, 李慧玲, 任永正, 张雪梅, 刘奕清. 生姜种质资源耐干热性评价及其鉴定指标筛选[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2024, 32(5): 860−876. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230606
YANG Y, ZHANG L L, LIANG H R, LI X X, LI H L, REN Y Z, ZHANG X M, LIU Y Q. Evaluation of the drought and heat tolerance of the ginger germplasm resource and its screening of identification indexes[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(5): 860−876. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230606
Citation: YANG Y, ZHANG L L, LIANG H R, LI X X, LI H L, REN Y Z, ZHANG X M, LIU Y Q. Evaluation of the drought and heat tolerance of the ginger germplasm resource and its screening of identification indexes[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(5): 860−876. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230606

生姜种质资源耐干热性评价及其鉴定指标筛选

Evaluation of the drought and heat tolerance of the ginger germplasm resource and its screening of identification indexes

  • 摘要: 干旱和热害严重影响作物的产量, 且防控成本高, 对我国农业经济造成极大损失。生姜对温度和水分极为敏感, 干热环境对生姜的种植和生产极易造成威胁, 因此筛选耐干热生姜并探明生姜耐干热机制对生姜的高效生产具有重大意义。本研究以全国主栽的26个生姜种质资源为材料, 在干热胁迫7 d后, 分析其形态和生理指标差异, 利用平均隶属函数法、显著性分析及聚类分析法对26个生姜种质资源进行耐干热性综合评价。与对照相比, 干热胁迫下各生姜的叶片长度、宽度和厚度及根系长度、表面积、根尖直径和根尖数分别降低0.3%~14.9%、0~16.5%、1.1%~18.7%、0.5%~68.6%、3.9%~63.1%、0.4%~29.9%和0.5%~55.2%; 生姜叶片含水量、光合色素含量、净光合速率、PSⅡ最大光化学效率和光化学淬灭系数总体也呈降低趋势, 相对电导率和非光化学淬灭系数提高5.7%~142.0%和9.2%~103.0%。根据耐干热能力可将26个生姜种质资源划分为4类: 第1类为极耐干热, 包括CDZIN091; 第2类为强耐干热, 包括CDZIN099、CDZIN101、CDZIN086、CDZIN080、CDZIN103、CDZIN096、CDZIN109、CDZIN084; 第3类为中等耐干热, 包括CDZIN100、CDZIN090、CDZIN095、CDZIN098、CDZIN094、CDZIN089、CDZIN105、CDZIN106、CDZIN110、CDZIN111、CDZIN083、CDZIN108、CDZIN012; 第4类为弱耐干热, 包括CDZIN102、CDZIN081、CDZIN104、CDZIN112。通过综合评价分析筛选出极耐干热生姜(CDZIN091), 其形态和光合等指标几乎均优于其他种质资源, 说明耐干热生姜能够通过更好地调节植株形态和光合作用来适应干热环境, 为后期耐干热生姜品种的选育奠定理论基础。

     

    Abstract: Drought and heat damage can seriously affect the yield of various crops. The cost of prevention and control is relatively high, causing great losses to China’s agricultural economy and tremendously hindering economic development. Ginger is an herbaceous plant that is extremely sensitive to high temperatures and humidity. Drought and heat gravely threaten the cultivation and production of ginger tubers and seedlings. Therefore, it is important to screen drought- and heat-resistant ginger varieties and explore the regulation and response mechanisms of drought and heat tolerance in ginger for its highly efficient production and promotion in China. In this study, 26 germplasm resources of ginger, which are popular and widely planted in our country, were chosen and used as experimental materials, and the differences in the morphological and physiological indices between these ginger varieties were analyzed after drought and heat stress treatments for 7 days. The drought and heat tolerance capacities of 26 ginger germplasm resources were comprehensively assessed through a combination of the average membership function method, significance test, and cluster analysis. Compared with control, the leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, root length, surface area, root tip diameter, and number of root tips decreased by 0.3%−14.9%, 0−16.5%, 1.1%−18.7%, 0.5%−68.6%, 3.9%−63.1%, 0.4%−29.9%, and 0.5%−55.2%, respectively under drought and heat stress treatment for 7 days. The water content of ginger leaves, photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) exhibited decreasing trends after 7 days of drought and heat stress treatments. Compared to control, the relative conductivity and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) were increased by 5.7%−142.0% and 9.2%−103.0%, respectively under drought and heat stress treatments. According to the capacity evaluation of drought and heat resistance, 26 ginger germplasm resources could be divided into four categories. The first category was extremely drought and heat resistance, including CDZIN091; the second category was highly drought and heat resistance, including CDZIN099, CDZIN101, CDZIN086, CDZIN080, CDZIN103, CDZIN096, CDZIN109 and CDZIN084; the third category was medium resistance to drought and heat, including CDZIN100, CDZIN090, CDZIN095, CDZIN098, CDZIN094, CDZIN089, CDZIN105, CDZIN106, CDZIN110, CDZIN111, CDZIN083, CDZIN108 and CDZIN012; the fourth category was weak drought and heat resistance, including CDZIN102, CDZIN081, CDZIN104, and CDZIN112. Through a comprehensive evaluation and a series of phenotypic and physiological analyses, an extremely drought- and heat-tolerant ginger variety (CDZIN091) was identified. The morphology and photosynthesis indexes of CDZIN091 were superior to that of other commonly used ginger germplasm resources, positioning it as a resilient ginger variety suitable for widespread cultivation in drought and heat-prone regions. These findings suggest that drought- and heat-tolerant ginger varieties can effectively regulate plant morphology and photosynthesis to adapt to challenging environmental conditions. This study contributes to a theoretical foundation for the development of drought- and heat-resistant ginger varieties.

     

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