数字经济发展对种植业碳排放效率的影响研究基于中介和门槛效应的实证检验

A study on the impact of digital economy development on carbon emission efficiency in crop production systemEmpirical tests based on mediation and threshold effects

  • 摘要: 农业源温室气体排放量(碳排放)仅次于工业, 种植业作为农业的基础, 其碳排放量在农业中占据较大比重, 种植业碳减排对于“双碳”目标的实现具有重要意义。在“碳达峰、碳中和”的碳排放格局下, 数字经济已成为推动种植业绿色低碳高质量发展的新引擎。本文在理论探讨基础上, 结合2011—2021年中国31个省(自治区、直辖市, 不包括中国香港、澳门和台湾)面板数据, 综合利用固定效应回归模型、工具变量模型、中介效应模型、门槛效应模型, 实证考察了数字经济发展与种植业碳排放效率之间的内在关系。研究发现, 数字经济发展对种植业碳排放效率具有显著的正向影响, 且存在农业生产功能与区域异质性; 数字经济发展通过促进技术创新和规模经营来抑制种植业碳排放, 且“技术创新效应”的贡献份额大于“规模经营效应”; 数字经济发展对种植业碳排放效率的促进作用还受经济发展水平的影响, 当经济发展水平低于阈值时, 数字经济发展对种植业碳排放效率的影响并不显著, 当经济发展水平超过阈值后, 数字经济发展能够对种植业碳排放效率产生显著的提升效应。

     

    Abstract: Agriculture are second largest source for greenhouse gases emissions (carbon emissions), which is second only to those from industry. Crop production sytem is the foundation of agriculture. Therefore, carbon emission reduction in crop production system is critical to realizing the goal of “double carbon”. Under the “carbon peak and carbon neutral” emission pattern, the digital economy has become a novel engine to promote the green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of crop production system. In this study, based on theoretical discussion and panel data of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2011 to 2021, the carbon emission efficiency of crop production system and the comprehensive development level of the digital economy in each province were measured using the Super-efficient SBM-Undesirable model, the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index decomposition method, and the entropy value method. Based on the development level of each province, this study used the fixed effects model, instrumental variable, mediation effect, and threshold effects models to empirically examine the intrinsic relationship between digital economic development and carbon emission efficiency in crop production system. The study reveals that: 1) digital economic development has a significant positive impact on the carbon emission efficiency of crop production system with heterogeneity in different agricultural production functional regions as well as geographical zone; 2) digital economic development suppresses the carbon emission from crop production system by promoting technological innovation and large-scale operations; 3) the “technological innovation effect” contributes significantly more to the mediating effect than does the “large-scale operation effect;” 4) the impact of digital economic development on carbon emission efficiency in crop production system is also influenced by the economic development level. When the level of economic development is lower than the threshold, the impact of digital economic development on carbon emission efficiency in crop production system is not significant. When the level of economic development exceeds the threshold, digital economic development has the potential to significantly improve carbon emission efficiency in crop production system. Given this, this study puts forward the following countermeasures. 1) Build a complete and perfect digital infrastructure to promote the high-quality development of the digital economy and deepen the integration and application of digital science and technology in crop production system. 2) Focus on supporting the scale of crop production system and information technology. 3) Promote the synergistic development of both the digital and regional economy. 4) Set up inter-regional cooperation mechanisms to strengthen connectivity and information sharing among regions, and a differentiated, dynamic, and uneven development strategy should be implemented according to local conditions.

     

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