韩静, 王一帆, 高玉红, 王瑛泽, 剡斌, 文明, 王海娣, 刘宏胜. 胡麻间作模式对作物养分吸收利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2024, 32(6): 997−1008. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230690
引用本文: 韩静, 王一帆, 高玉红, 王瑛泽, 剡斌, 文明, 王海娣, 刘宏胜. 胡麻间作模式对作物养分吸收利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2024, 32(6): 997−1008. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230690
HAN J, WANG Y F, GAO Y H, WANG Y Z, YAN B, WEN M, WANG H D, LIU H S. Effect of crop nutrient uptake utilization and yield in the flax intercropping pattern[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(6): 997−1008. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230690
Citation: HAN J, WANG Y F, GAO Y H, WANG Y Z, YAN B, WEN M, WANG H D, LIU H S. Effect of crop nutrient uptake utilization and yield in the flax intercropping pattern[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(6): 997−1008. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230690

胡麻间作模式对作物养分吸收利用及产量的影响

Effect of crop nutrient uptake utilization and yield in the flax intercropping pattern

  • 摘要: 为明确不同胡麻间作系统中作物养分吸收利用对产量贡献的差异, 本研究采用田间二因素随机区组试验设计, 设置两种间作类型: 胡麻||玉米间作(F||M)、胡麻||大豆间作(F||S), 3 种带型配置4∶2 (S1)、6∶3 (S2)和 8∶4 (S3), 以单作为对照, 共计9组处理, 比较分析了两种间作系统中不同带型配置的间作优势以及成熟期养分吸收量和利用效率对间作优势的贡献。结果表明: 与单作相比, 间作提高了作物生物产量和籽粒产量, 胡麻||玉米间作系统显著高于胡麻||大豆间作, 且在8∶4行比配置下达到最大值; 两种间作系统中土地当量比(LER)均大于1, 具有间作产量优势。胡麻||玉米间作系统中, 植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收总量比相应单作提高12.15%~50.38%、44.79%~67.29%和3.90%~25.75%, 氮素利用效率高出单作73.20%~78.36%; 氮、磷和钾吸收因子对LER的贡献分别为1.33~2.10、1.76~2.08和1.11~1.53, 利用因子的贡献分别为−0.30~−0.12、−0.42~−0.25和−0.10~0.07。胡麻||大豆间作系统中, 植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收总量比相应单作提高6.86%~60.06%、11.97%~59.21%和7.34%~65.30%, 氮素利用效率高出单作48.77%~71.74%; 氮、磷和钾吸收因子对LER的贡献分别为1.17~2.13、1.20~2.10和1.15~2.15, 利用因子的贡献分别为−0.53~−0.30、−0.46~−0.15和−0.52~−0.03。综合分析认为, 本研究中8行胡麻4行玉米间作带型能提高作物养分吸收利用能力, 增加间作系统作物产量, 其间作优势主要来源于养分吸收量的增加, 而非利用效率的改变。

     

    Abstract: Intercropping systems have competitive and synergistic effects on nutrient uptake and utilization due to differences in crop combinations and belt configurations and the differences in nutrient uptake and utilization between different intercropping systems are also large. Reasonable intercropping patterns can improve the microenvironment of the crops by adjusting the field configurations of crop side-row ratios, widths, and spacings to improve the utilization of resources and the yields of the crop groups. To clarify the differences in the contribution of crop nutrient uptake and utilization to yield in oilseed flax||maize, and oilseed flax||soybean systems, we used a two-factor randomized block trial design in the field. Two types of intercropping were set up: oilseed flax||maize intercropping (F||M), oilseed flax||soybean intercropping (F||S), with three belt configurations 4∶2 (S1), 6∶3 (S2), and 8∶4 (S3), for a total of nine treatments, with monocropping as the control, to comparatively analyze the intercropping advantages of different belt configurations and the contribution of nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency to intercropping advantages at maturity in oilseed flax||maize, and oilseed flax||soybean intercropping systems. The results showed that intercropping increased crop biomass yield and seed yield compared with monocropping. The oilseed flax||maize was significantly higher than oilseed flax||soybean intercropping systems, reaching a maximum in the 8∶4 row ratio configuration. Both intercropping systems had a land equivalent ratio (LER) greater than 1, indicating a yield advantage. In oilseed flax||maize system, it showed increase in the total plant uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, ranging from 12.15% to 50.38%, 44.79% to 67.29%, and 3.90% to 25.75%, respectively, when compared to monocropping; nitrogen utilization efficiency was observed to be 73.20%–78.36% higher in the intercropping system than that in the monocropping system; the efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake contributed to the land equivalent ratio (LER) with values ranging from 1.33 to 2.10, 1.76 to 2.08, and 1.11 to 1.53, respectively; the utilization efficiency showed negative contributions ranging from −0.30 to −0.12, −0.42 to −0.25, and −0.10 to 0.07 for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. In the oilseed flax||soybean system, total nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were 6.86%–60.06%, 11.97%–59.21%, and 7.34%–65.30% higher than that in the monocropping system; Nitrogen utilization efficiency was 48.77% to 71.74% higher than that of monocrops; contributions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake efficiencies to LER were 1.17 to 2.13, 1.20 to 2.10, and 1.15 to 2.15, respectively, and the contributions of utilization efficiencies were −0.53 to −0.30, −0.46 to −0.15, and −0.52 to −0.03, respectively. Based on the above, the intercropping system with 8-row oilseed flax and 4-row maize belts enhances crop nutrient uptake and utilization capacity. The increase in crop yield in the intercropping system was primarily due to nutrient uptake increased rather than changes in utilization efficiency.

     

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