李强, 马晓君, 程秋博, 豆攀, 余东海, 罗延宏, 袁继超, 孔凡磊. 氮肥对不同耐低氮性玉米品种花后物质生产及叶片功能特性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2016, 24(1): 17-26. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150744
引用本文: 李强, 马晓君, 程秋博, 豆攀, 余东海, 罗延宏, 袁继超, 孔凡磊. 氮肥对不同耐低氮性玉米品种花后物质生产及叶片功能特性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2016, 24(1): 17-26. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150744
LI Qiang, MA Xiaojun, CHENG Qiubo, DOU Pan, YU Donghai, LUO Yanhong, YUAN Jichao, KONG Fanlei. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on post-silking dry matter production and leaves function characteristics of low-nitrogen tolerance maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(1): 17-26. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150744
Citation: LI Qiang, MA Xiaojun, CHENG Qiubo, DOU Pan, YU Donghai, LUO Yanhong, YUAN Jichao, KONG Fanlei. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on post-silking dry matter production and leaves function characteristics of low-nitrogen tolerance maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(1): 17-26. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150744

氮肥对不同耐低氮性玉米品种花后物质生产及叶片功能特性的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on post-silking dry matter production and leaves function characteristics of low-nitrogen tolerance maize

  • 摘要: 为明确不同耐低氮性玉米品种花后物质生产及叶片功能特性, 采用大田试验, 以玉米耐低氮品种‘正红311’和低氮敏感品种‘先玉508’为试验材料, 在6个氮水平下研究花后物质生产及叶片功能特性。结果表明: 施氮可显著提高玉米干物质积累、叶面积指数和叶片光合速率, 延缓花后叶片叶绿素含量和全氮含量的下降, 抑制生育后期叶片C/N值的增加, 从而提高玉米的最终产量。耐低氮品种‘正红311’花后干物质积累、叶片光合速率、叶面积指数和产量均显著高于低氮敏感品种‘先玉508’, ‘正红311’较‘先玉508’平均提高30.5%、9.2%、35.0%和8.8%。两品种吐丝后叶片叶绿素含量差异显著, 耐低氮品种‘正红311’平均较低氮敏感品种‘先玉508’提高4.85%。两品种吐丝后叶片氮含量差异不大, 但‘正红311’和‘先玉508’吐丝成熟期叶片全氮含量分别下降31.5%和34.9%, ‘正红311’降幅低于‘先玉508’。两品种花后叶片C/N值差异显著, ‘先玉508’较‘正红311’平均提高5.95%。与低氮敏感品种‘先玉508’相比, 耐低氮品种‘正红311’花后叶片光合速率更高、叶面积指数更大, 而叶片叶绿素含量和全氮含量降幅与C/N值增幅更低, 延缓了生育后期叶片的衰老, 延长了叶片的功能期, 增加干物质积累和产量。施用氮肥可有效提高‘正红311’干物质积累、叶面积指数和产量, 延缓其生育后期叶片C/N值升高, 而‘先玉508’需要较高的施氮水平才能维持其花后叶片光合速率和全氮含量。

     

    Abstract: In order to clarify the features of dry matter production and leaf function during post-silking stage in maize varieties with different low-nitrogen tolerance, a field experiment with 6 levels of nitrogen application rates 0 kg(N)hm-2 (B1)、90 kg(N)hm-2 (B2)、180 kg(N)hm-2 (B3)、270 kg(N)hm-2 (B4)、360 kg(N)hm-2 (B5), 450 kg(N)hm-2 (B6) was conducted using low-nitrogen tolerant maize cultivar ‘Zhenghong 311’ and low-nitrogen sensitive maize cultivar ‘Xianyu 508’ as experimental materials. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and leaf photosynthetic rate. It also alleviated the reductions of both chlorophyll and nitrogen contents of maize leaf at post-silking stage due to nitrogen deficiency, which was in turn reduced leaf C/N ratio at late growth stage, and increased maize yield. Dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic rate and leaf area index at post-silking stage and yield of low-nitrogen tolerant cultivar ‘Zhenghong 311’ increased by 30.5%, 9.2%, 35.0% and 8.8%, respectively, compared with those of low-nitrogen sensitive cultivar ‘Xianyu 508’. Chlorophyll content in leaves of ‘Zhenghong 311’ enhanced by 4.85% compared to that of ‘Xianyu508’ at post-silking stage. Low-nitrogen tolerant maize cultivar ‘Zhenghong 311’ maintained high chlorophyll content to ensure high dry matter production. There was no significant difference in leaf nitrogen content between two maize cultivars after silking stage. Compared with silking stage, however, leaf nitrogen content decreased by 31.5% for ‘Zhenghong 311’ and by 34.9% for ‘Xianyu 508’ at maturity stage. C/N ratio in leaf of ‘Xianyu 508’ was higher than that of ‘Zhenghong 311’ by 5.95% at post-silking stage. Compared with low-nitrogen sensitive cultivar ‘Xianyu 508’, low-nitrogen tolerant cultivar ‘Zhenghong 311’ kept higher photosynthetic rate and leaf area index during post-silking period, the amplitude of decline in both chlorophyll and nitrogen contents was alleviated, and C/N ratio in leaf kept lower level at later growth stage, all which were beneficial for prolonging leaf functional period, delaying leaf senescence, and increasing dry matter accumulation and yield of ‘Zhenghong 311’. In summary, nitrogen fertilizer effectively increased dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and grain yield. It reduced the increase of C/N ratio in leaf of ‘Zhenghong 311’. However, ‘Xianyu 508’ needed high nitrogen fertilization application to maintain effective leaf photosynthetic rate and nitrogen content.

     

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