江苏省星级乡村旅游区的空间分布特征及影响因素研究

宋居宇; 姜卫兵; 何兰

doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.200269

江苏省星级乡村旅游区的空间分布特征及影响因素研究

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.200269

农业部景观设计重点实验室/南京农业大学园艺学院南京 210095

基金项目:

江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目 PAPD130809001

详细信息

作者简介:
宋居宇, 主要研究方向为乡村旅游景观评价与规划设计。E-mail: 1556472272@qq.com

通讯作者:
姜卫兵, 主要研究方向为乡村旅游景观与规划设计。E-mail: weibingj@njau.edu.cn

中图分类号: F592.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-09
- 录用日期: 2020-09-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-01

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of star-level rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province

Key Laboratory of Landscape Design, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Funds:

the Superior Discipline Construction Project of Jiangsu University PAPD130809001

More Information

Corresponding author: JIANG Weibing, E-mail: weibingj@njau.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 通过对江苏省星级乡村旅游区空间分布格局及影响因素的研究，为江苏省乡村旅游发展提供合理参考意见。选取江苏省726处三星级及以上乡村旅游区作为研究样本，利用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、核密度分析、缓冲区分析、不平衡指数等ArcGIS空间分析技术和SPSS相关性分析技术，以旅游资源类别为分类依据，研究分析江苏星级乡村旅游区的具体类型、空间分布格局及影响因素。结果显示：1）江苏省星级乡村旅游区可划分为农园型、村庄型、农园+村庄复合型3大类；2）五星级乡村旅游区在空间上呈均匀型分布，其他星级和各类型乡村旅游区在空间上呈集聚型分布，集中化程度较高，主要分布在苏南苏中地区；3）江苏省星级乡村旅游区在空间分布上呈轻度不均衡，在苏南苏中地区形成高密度聚集区、次高密度聚集区，苏北主要为低密度聚集区；4）各星级乡村旅游区主要分布在城市近郊20~40 km区域范围内。结论得出：经济水平、旅游资源、旅游政策导向以及交通条件等是影响江苏省各星级乡村旅游区空间分布的重要因素。对此，结合江苏省乡村旅游区发展问题提出讨论：1）促进区域协调发展，尤其苏中苏北地区；2）强化整合集聚发展，打造乡村旅游集聚区；3）重点推进升级发展，促进低星级向高星级乡村旅游区升级建设。
- 乡村旅游 /
- 旅游区星级 /
- 旅游区类型 /
- 集聚类型 /
- 江苏省
Abstract: By studying the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of star-rated rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province, China, we aimed to provide a reference for the development of rural tourism. Seven hundred and twenty-six three-star and above rural tourist areas in Jiangsu Province were selected the adjacent index, geographic concentration index, density of nuclear analysis, buffer analysis, and unbalanced indices (e.g., ArcGIS spatial analysis and SPSS correlation analysis) were used to analyzed the specific types, spatial distribution patterns of and influencing factors of Jiangsu star-level rural tourist areas with the star-level of tourism resources as classficaiton standard. The results showed that 1) the star-rated rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province are divided into three categories: agricultural garden, village, and a combined agricultural garden and village. 2) Five-star rural tourism areas were uniformly distributed, but other star-rated rural tourism areas were concentrated, had a high degree of centralization, and were primarily distributed in southern and middle Jiangsu. 3) The spatial distribution of star-rated rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province is slightly unbalanced, forming high-density and sub-high-density clustering areas in southern and middle Jiangsu, but northern Jiangsu has primarily low-density clustering areas. 4) The star-rated rural tourism areas are mainly distributed within 20-40 km of the suburban area. The conclusion is that the economic level, tourism resources, tourism policy orientation, and traffic conditions are the important factors affecting the spatial distribution of each star-rated rural tourism area in Jiangsu Province. In this regard, the development of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province is discussed: 1) promoting regional coordinated development, especially in the middle and north of Jiangsu, 2) strengthening the integration of cluster development and building a rural tourism cluster, and 3) focus on upgrading, developing, and promoting low-star rural tourism areas to high-star areas.
- Rural tourism /
- Star-level of tourism area /
- Type of tourism area /
- Agglomerate type /
- Jiangsu Province

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图 1 江苏省各星级乡村旅游区空间分布图

Figure 1. Spatial distribution of star-level rural tourism areas in Jiangsu rovince

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图 2 江苏省各类型乡村旅游区分布图

Figure 2. Distribution of various types of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province

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图 3 江苏省乡村旅游区的核密度

Figure 3. Kernel density of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province

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图 4 以江苏省13个地级市中心城市为圆心的乡村旅游区10 km、20 km、30 km和40 km缓冲区图

Figure 4. Buffer zones of 10 km, 20 km, 30 km and 40 km of rural tourism areas with central cities of 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province

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图 5 江苏省乡村旅游区与人均GDP重叠分布图

Figure 5. Overlapping distribution map of rural tourism areas and GDP per capita in Jiangsu Province

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图 6 江苏省乡村旅游区与旅游资源叠加分析图

Figure 6. Superposition analysis of rural tourism areas and tourism resources in Jiangsu Province

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图 7 江苏省乡村旅游区与交通重叠分布图

Figure 7. Overlap distribution map of rural tourism areas and traffic in Jiangsu Province

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表 1 江苏省不同星级乡村旅游区的数量和占比

Table 1. Numbers and proportions of different star-levels of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province

区域Area	市City	级别数量与比例Star-levels number and proportion
区域Area	市City	三星级Three-star	四星级Four-star	五星级Five-star	合计Total
苏南 South Jiangsu	南京Nanjing	24	36	8	68
	无锡Wuxi	50	44	3	97
	苏州Suzhou	19	36	3	58
	常州Changzhou	18	28	2	48
	镇江Zhenjiang	46	25	1	72
	合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %)	157(42.8)	169(51.7)	17(53.1)	343(47.2)
苏中 Central Jiangsu	扬州Yangzhou	36	25	1	62
	泰州Taizhou	21	21	3	45
	南通Nantong	45	18	4	67
	合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %)	102(27.8)	64(19.6)	8(25.0)	174(24.0)
苏北 North Jiangsu	徐州Xuzhou	18	35	1	54
	连云港Lianyungang	24	19	1	44
	宿迁Suqian	33	9	0	42
	淮安Huai’an	24	10	1	35
	盐城Yancheng	9	21	4	34
	合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %)	108(29.4)	94(28.7)	7(21.9)	209(28.9)
总计Total		367	327	32	726
比例Proportion (%)		50.6	45.0	4.4

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表 2 江苏省不同类型乡村旅游区的数量和占比

Table 2. Numbers and proportions of different types of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province

区域 Area	市 City	类型数量与比例Types number and proportion
区域 Area	市 City	农园Agricultural garden	村庄Village	农园+村庄Agricultural garden + village	总计Total
苏南 South Jiangsu	南京Nanjing	34	29	5	68
	镇江Zhenjiang	66	3	3	72
	常州Changzhou	41	7	0	48
	无锡Wuxi	83	6	8	97
	苏州Suzhou	41	9	8	58
	合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %)	265(44.8)	54(67.5)	24(44.4)	343(47.2)
苏中 Central Jiangsu	扬州Yangzhou	54	3	5	62
	泰州Taizhou	36	4	5	45
	南通Nantong	61	2	4	67
	合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %)	151(25.5)	9(11.3)	14(25.9)	174(24.0)
苏北 North Jiangsu	徐州Xuzhou	47	5	2	54
	连云港Lianyungang	39	1	4	44
	宿迁Suqian	35	3	4	42
	淮安Huai’an	27	4	4	35
	盐城Yancheng	28	4	2	34
	合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %)	176(29.7)	17(21.2)	16(29.6)	209(28.8)
总计Total		592	80	54	726
比例Proportion (%)		81.5	11.0	7.5

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表 3 江苏省乡村旅游区最邻近指数及分布类型

Table 3. Nearest neighbor index and distribution types of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province

星级与类型 Star-level and type		实际平均距离 Actual mean distance (Ri) (km)	理论平均距离 Theoretical mean distance (RE) (km)	最邻近指数R Nearest exponent (R)	分布类型 Distribution type
全部乡村旅游区All rural tourist areas		4.85	6.07	0.80	集聚型Gathering type
星级 Star	五星级Five-star	31.21	28.94	1.08	均匀型Uniform type
	四星级Four-star	7.63	9.07	0.84	集聚型Gathering type
	三星级Three-star	6.98	8.55	0.83	集聚型Gathering type
类型 Type	农园型Agricultural garden type	5.68	6.73	0.84	集聚型Gathering type
	村庄型Village type	14.28	18.19	0.79	集聚型Gathering type
	农园+村庄复合型Agricultural garden+village compound type	20.51	22.28	0.92	集聚型Gathering type

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表 4 江苏省13个地级市各缓冲区不同级别乡村旅游区的数量

Table 4. Number distribution of different star-levels of rural tourism areas in buffer zones of 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province

市 City	距离Distance (km)
	10			20			30			40
	五星级 Five-star	四星级 Four-star	三星级 Three-star	五星级 Five-star	四星级 Four-star	三星级 Three-star	五星级 Five-star	四星级 Four-star	三星级 Three-star	五星级 Five-star	四星级 Four-star	三星级 Three-star
南京Nanjing	0	0	0	2	4	2	1	13	8	2	6	7
镇江Zhenjiang	0	0	2	0	3	9	0	2	2	0	11	18
常州Changzhou	0	0	0	0	5	4	0	3	1	0	1	2
无锡Wuxi	0	2	1	1	10	10	0	13	13	1	3	5
苏州Suzhou	0	0	0	1	4	2	0	8	1	0	6	3
扬州Yangzhou	0	1	3	1	5	10	0	6	5	0	4	10
泰州Taizhou	0	4	3	1	3	3	1	2	5	0	0	2
南通Nantong	0	0	0	0	4	3	1	2	3	1	4	10
连云港Lianyungang	0	2	2	0	2	8	0	3	2	0	3	3
徐州Xuzhou	1	4	2	0	3	1	0	3	4	0	4	3
宿迁Suqian	0	3	4	0	0	5	0	0	2	0	0	4
淮安Huai’an	0	0	4	0	1	2	0	3	3	0	0	4
盐城Yancheng	0	1	0	0	3	1	0	3	0	2	4	2
合计Total	1	17	21	6	47	60	3	61	49	6	46	73
比率Proportion (%)	3.1	5.2	5.7	18.7	14.4	16.3	3.1	18.7	13.4	25.0	14.1	19.5

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表 5 2015—2019年江苏省各地级市的经济水平(人均GDP)

Table 5. Comparison of economic levels (GDP per capita) of prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2019

区域 Area	市 City	人均GDP GDP per capita (×10⁴ ¥)
区域 Area	市 City	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	平均Average
苏南 South Jiangsu	苏州Suzhou	13.9	14.8	16.2	17.4	17.9	16.0
	无锡Wuxi	13.4	14.4	16.1	17.4	18.0	15.9
	南京Nanjing	12.0	12.9	14.1	15.3	16.6	14.2
	常州Changzhou	11.4	12.5	14.0	14.9	15.7	13.7
	镇江Zhenjiang	11.2	12.3	12.6	12.7	12.9	12.3
苏中 Central Jiangsu	扬州Yangzhou	9.1	10.1	11.3	12.1	12.9	11.1
	南通Nantong	8.6	9.4	10.6	11.5	12.8	10.6
	泰州Taizhou	8.1	9.0	10.2	11.0	11.1	9.9
苏北 North Jiangsu	徐州Xuzhou	6.2	6.8	7.6	7.7	8.1	7.3
	盐城Yancheng	5.9	6.4	7.0	7.6	7.9	7.0
	淮安Huai’an	5.7	6.3	6.8	7.3	7.9	6.8
	连云港Lianyungang	4.9	5.4	5.9	6.1	6.9	5.8
	宿迁Suqian	4.4	4.9	5.3	5.6	6.3	5.3

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表 6 江苏省各星级乡村旅游区与经济水平(人均GDP)相关性分析(Pearson相关性检验)

Table 6. Correlation between star-level of rural tourism areas and economic level (GDP per capita) in Jiangsu Province based on Pearson correlation test

		人均GDP GDP per capita	三星级Three-star	四星级Four-star	五星级Five-star	总数量Total
人均GDP GDP per capita	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	1.000	0.294	0.767^**	0.476	0.752^**
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)		0.330	0.002	0.100	0.003
	N	13	13	13	13	13
三星级 Three-star	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.294	1.000	0.084	−0.129	0.781^**
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	0.330		0.785	0.674	0.002
	N	13	13	13	13	13
四星级 Four-star	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.767^**	0.084	1.000	0.424	0.651^*
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	0.002	0.785		0.148	0.016
	N	13	13	13	13	13
五星级 Five-star	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.476	−0.129	0.424	1.000	0.307
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	0.100	0.674	0.148		0.308
	N	13	13	13	13	13
总数量 Total	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.752^**	0.781^**	0.651^*	0.307	1.000
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	0.003	0.002	0.016	0.308
	N	13	13	13	13	13
^和^分别表示在置信度(双测)为P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平相关性显著。^, ^** indicate significant correlations at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively (2-tailed).

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表 7 2014—2018年江苏省高速公路里程与空间密度

Table 7. Expressway length and spatial density in Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2018

区域 Area	地级市 Prefecture level	里程与空间密度Length (km) and space density (km∙hm⁻²)
区域 Area	地级市 Prefecture level	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	平均Average
苏南 South Jiangsu	苏州Suzhou	550	550	598	598	598	579
	南京Nanjing	568	554	555	521	521	544
	常州Changzhou	268	306	306	306	306	298
	无锡Wuxi	274	274	274	274	274	274
	镇江Zhenjiang	182	182	182	172	193	182
	合计Subtotal	1842	1866	1915	1871	1892	1877(6.7)
苏中 Central Jiangsu	南通Nantong	298	334	334	334	334	327
	扬州Yangzhou	318	271	271	294	294	290
	泰州Taizhou	256	256	284	320	321	287
	合计Subtotal	872	861	889	948	949	904(4.3)
苏北 North Jiangsu	徐州Xuzhou	459	459	459	464	464	461
	淮安Huai’an	401	401	401	404	404	402
	盐城Yancheng	332	359	396	396	396	376
	连云港Lianyungang	349	349	354	354	354	352
	宿迁Suqian	245	245	245	253	253	248
	合计Subtotal	1786	1813	1855	1871	1871	1839(3.5)
合计Total		4500	4540	4659	4690	4712	4620(4.6)
平均列中括号内数据为高速公路空间密度。The data in bracket is space density of expressway.

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表 8 江苏省各星级乡村旅游区与高速公路空间密度相关性分析

Table 8. Correlation between star-level of rural tourism areas and expressway length and spatial density in Jiangsu Province

Pearson相关性检验 Pearson correlation test		高速公路空间密度 Express space density	三星级 Three-star	四星级 Four-star	五星级 Five-star	总数量 Total
高速公路空间密度 Express space density	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	1.000	0.942	0.866	0.989	0.905
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)		0.218	0.333	0.097	0.280
	N	3	3	3	3	3
三星级 Three-star	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.942	1.000	0.984	0.982	0.995
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	0.218		0.116	0.121	0.062
	N	3	3	3	3	3
四星级 Four-star	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.866	0.984	1.000	0.932	0.997
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	0.333	0.116		0.237	0.053
	N	3	3	3	3	3
五星级 Five-star	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.989	0.982	0.932	1.000	0.959
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	0.097	0.121	0.237		0.184
	N	3	3	3	3	3
总数量 Total	Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.905	0.995	0.997	0.959	1.000
	显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	0.280	0.062	0.053	0.184
	N	3	3	3	3	3

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