Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of star-level rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province
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摘要: 通过对江苏省星级乡村旅游区空间分布格局及影响因素的研究,为江苏省乡村旅游发展提供合理参考意见。选取江苏省726处三星级及以上乡村旅游区作为研究样本,利用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、核密度分析、缓冲区分析、不平衡指数等ArcGIS空间分析技术和SPSS相关性分析技术,以旅游资源类别为分类依据,研究分析江苏星级乡村旅游区的具体类型、空间分布格局及影响因素。结果显示:1)江苏省星级乡村旅游区可划分为农园型、村庄型、农园+村庄复合型3大类;2)五星级乡村旅游区在空间上呈均匀型分布,其他星级和各类型乡村旅游区在空间上呈集聚型分布,集中化程度较高,主要分布在苏南苏中地区;3)江苏省星级乡村旅游区在空间分布上呈轻度不均衡,在苏南苏中地区形成高密度聚集区、次高密度聚集区,苏北主要为低密度聚集区;4)各星级乡村旅游区主要分布在城市近郊20~40 km区域范围内。结论得出:经济水平、旅游资源、旅游政策导向以及交通条件等是影响江苏省各星级乡村旅游区空间分布的重要因素。对此,结合江苏省乡村旅游区发展问题提出讨论:1)促进区域协调发展,尤其苏中苏北地区;2)强化整合集聚发展,打造乡村旅游集聚区;3)重点推进升级发展,促进低星级向高星级乡村旅游区升级建设。Abstract: By studying the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of star-rated rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province, China, we aimed to provide a reference for the development of rural tourism. Seven hundred and twenty-six three-star and above rural tourist areas in Jiangsu Province were selected the adjacent index, geographic concentration index, density of nuclear analysis, buffer analysis, and unbalanced indices (e.g., ArcGIS spatial analysis and SPSS correlation analysis) were used to analyzed the specific types, spatial distribution patterns of and influencing factors of Jiangsu star-level rural tourist areas with the star-level of tourism resources as classficaiton standard. The results showed that 1) the star-rated rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province are divided into three categories: agricultural garden, village, and a combined agricultural garden and village. 2) Five-star rural tourism areas were uniformly distributed, but other star-rated rural tourism areas were concentrated, had a high degree of centralization, and were primarily distributed in southern and middle Jiangsu. 3) The spatial distribution of star-rated rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province is slightly unbalanced, forming high-density and sub-high-density clustering areas in southern and middle Jiangsu, but northern Jiangsu has primarily low-density clustering areas. 4) The star-rated rural tourism areas are mainly distributed within 20-40 km of the suburban area. The conclusion is that the economic level, tourism resources, tourism policy orientation, and traffic conditions are the important factors affecting the spatial distribution of each star-rated rural tourism area in Jiangsu Province. In this regard, the development of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province is discussed: 1) promoting regional coordinated development, especially in the middle and north of Jiangsu, 2) strengthening the integration of cluster development and building a rural tourism cluster, and 3) focus on upgrading, developing, and promoting low-star rural tourism areas to high-star areas.
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Key words:
- Rural tourism /
- Star-level of tourism area /
- Type of tourism area /
- Agglomerate type /
- Jiangsu Province
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表 1 江苏省不同星级乡村旅游区的数量和占比
Table 1. Numbers and proportions of different star-levels of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province
区域Area 市City 级别数量与比例Star-levels number and proportion 三星级Three-star 四星级Four-star 五星级Five-star 合计Total 苏南
South Jiangsu南京Nanjing 24 36 8 68 无锡Wuxi 50 44 3 97 苏州Suzhou 19 36 3 58 常州Changzhou 18 28 2 48 镇江Zhenjiang 46 25 1 72 合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %) 157(42.8) 169(51.7) 17(53.1) 343(47.2) 苏中
Central Jiangsu扬州Yangzhou 36 25 1 62 泰州Taizhou 21 21 3 45 南通Nantong 45 18 4 67 合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %) 102(27.8) 64(19.6) 8(25.0) 174(24.0) 苏北
North Jiangsu徐州Xuzhou 18 35 1 54 连云港Lianyungang 24 19 1 44 宿迁Suqian 33 9 0 42 淮安Huai’an 24 10 1 35 盐城Yancheng 9 21 4 34 合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %) 108(29.4) 94(28.7) 7(21.9) 209(28.9) 总计Total 367 327 32 726 比例Proportion (%) 50.6 45.0 4.4 表 2 江苏省不同类型乡村旅游区的数量和占比
Table 2. Numbers and proportions of different types of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province
区域
Area市
City类型数量与比例Types number and proportion 农园Agricultural garden 村庄Village 农园+村庄Agricultural garden + village 总计Total 苏南
South Jiangsu南京Nanjing 34 29 5 68 镇江Zhenjiang 66 3 3 72 常州Changzhou 41 7 0 48 无锡Wuxi 83 6 8 97 苏州Suzhou 41 9 8 58 合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %) 265(44.8) 54(67.5) 24(44.4) 343(47.2) 苏中
Central Jiangsu扬州Yangzhou 54 3 5 62 泰州Taizhou 36 4 5 45 南通Nantong 61 2 4 67 合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %) 151(25.5) 9(11.3) 14(25.9) 174(24.0) 苏北
North Jiangsu徐州Xuzhou 47 5 2 54 连云港Lianyungang 39 1 4 44 宿迁Suqian 35 3 4 42 淮安Huai’an 27 4 4 35 盐城Yancheng 28 4 2 34 合计(比例) Subtotal (proportion, %) 176(29.7) 17(21.2) 16(29.6) 209(28.8) 总计Total 592 80 54 726 比例Proportion (%) 81.5 11.0 7.5 表 3 江苏省乡村旅游区最邻近指数及分布类型
Table 3. Nearest neighbor index and distribution types of rural tourism areas in Jiangsu Province
星级与类型
Star-level and type实际平均距离
Actual mean distance (Ri) (km)理论平均距离
Theoretical mean distance (RE) (km)最邻近指数R
Nearest exponent (R)分布类型
Distribution type全部乡村旅游区All rural tourist areas 4.85 6.07 0.80 集聚型Gathering type 星级
Star五星级Five-star 31.21 28.94 1.08 均匀型Uniform type 四星级Four-star 7.63 9.07 0.84 集聚型Gathering type 三星级Three-star 6.98 8.55 0.83 集聚型Gathering type 类型
Type农园型Agricultural garden type 5.68 6.73 0.84 集聚型Gathering type 村庄型Village type 14.28 18.19 0.79 集聚型Gathering type 农园+村庄复合型Agricultural garden+village compound type 20.51 22.28 0.92 集聚型Gathering type 表 4 江苏省13个地级市各缓冲区不同级别乡村旅游区的数量
Table 4. Number distribution of different star-levels of rural tourism areas in buffer zones of 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province
市
City距离Distance (km) 10 20 30 40 五星级
Five-star四星级
Four-star三星级
Three-star五星级
Five-star四星级
Four-star三星级
Three-star五星级
Five-star四星级
Four-star三星级
Three-star五星级
Five-star四星级
Four-star三星级
Three-star南京Nanjing 0 0 0 2 4 2 1 13 8 2 6 7 镇江Zhenjiang 0 0 2 0 3 9 0 2 2 0 11 18 常州Changzhou 0 0 0 0 5 4 0 3 1 0 1 2 无锡Wuxi 0 2 1 1 10 10 0 13 13 1 3 5 苏州Suzhou 0 0 0 1 4 2 0 8 1 0 6 3 扬州Yangzhou 0 1 3 1 5 10 0 6 5 0 4 10 泰州Taizhou 0 4 3 1 3 3 1 2 5 0 0 2 南通Nantong 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 2 3 1 4 10 连云港Lianyungang 0 2 2 0 2 8 0 3 2 0 3 3 徐州Xuzhou 1 4 2 0 3 1 0 3 4 0 4 3 宿迁Suqian 0 3 4 0 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 4 淮安Huai’an 0 0 4 0 1 2 0 3 3 0 0 4 盐城Yancheng 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 3 0 2 4 2 合计Total 1 17 21 6 47 60 3 61 49 6 46 73 比率Proportion (%) 3.1 5.2 5.7 18.7 14.4 16.3 3.1 18.7 13.4 25.0 14.1 19.5 表 5 2015—2019年江苏省各地级市的经济水平(人均GDP)
Table 5. Comparison of economic levels (GDP per capita) of prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2019
区域
Area市
City人均GDP GDP per capita (×104 ¥) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 平均Average 苏南
South Jiangsu苏州Suzhou 13.9 14.8 16.2 17.4 17.9 16.0 无锡Wuxi 13.4 14.4 16.1 17.4 18.0 15.9 南京Nanjing 12.0 12.9 14.1 15.3 16.6 14.2 常州Changzhou 11.4 12.5 14.0 14.9 15.7 13.7 镇江Zhenjiang 11.2 12.3 12.6 12.7 12.9 12.3 苏中
Central Jiangsu扬州Yangzhou 9.1 10.1 11.3 12.1 12.9 11.1 南通Nantong 8.6 9.4 10.6 11.5 12.8 10.6 泰州Taizhou 8.1 9.0 10.2 11.0 11.1 9.9 苏北
North Jiangsu徐州Xuzhou 6.2 6.8 7.6 7.7 8.1 7.3 盐城Yancheng 5.9 6.4 7.0 7.6 7.9 7.0 淮安Huai’an 5.7 6.3 6.8 7.3 7.9 6.8 连云港Lianyungang 4.9 5.4 5.9 6.1 6.9 5.8 宿迁Suqian 4.4 4.9 5.3 5.6 6.3 5.3 表 6 江苏省各星级乡村旅游区与经济水平(人均GDP)相关性分析(Pearson相关性检验)
Table 6. Correlation between star-level of rural tourism areas and economic level (GDP per capita) in Jiangsu Province based on Pearson correlation test
人均GDP GDP per capita 三星级Three-star 四星级Four-star 五星级Five-star 总数量Total 人均GDP GDP per capita Pearson相关性Pearson correlation 1.000 0.294 0.767** 0.476 0.752** 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.330 0.002 0.100 0.003 N 13 13 13 13 13 三星级
Three-starPearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.294 1.000 0.084 −0.129 0.781** 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.330 0.785 0.674 0.002 N 13 13 13 13 13 四星级
Four-starPearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.767** 0.084 1.000 0.424 0.651* 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.002 0.785 0.148 0.016 N 13 13 13 13 13 五星级
Five-starPearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.476 −0.129 0.424 1.000 0.307 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.100 0.674 0.148 0.308 N 13 13 13 13 13 总数量
TotalPearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.752** 0.781** 0.651* 0.307 1.000 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.003 0.002 0.016 0.308 N 13 13 13 13 13 *和**分别表示在置信度(双测)为P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平相关性显著。*, ** indicate significant correlations at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively (2-tailed). 表 7 2014—2018年江苏省高速公路里程与空间密度
Table 7. Expressway length and spatial density in Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2018
区域
Area地级市
Prefecture level里程与空间密度Length (km) and space density (km∙hm−2) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 平均Average 苏南
South Jiangsu苏州Suzhou 550 550 598 598 598 579 南京Nanjing 568 554 555 521 521 544 常州Changzhou 268 306 306 306 306 298 无锡Wuxi 274 274 274 274 274 274 镇江Zhenjiang 182 182 182 172 193 182 合计Subtotal 1842 1866 1915 1871 1892 1877(6.7) 苏中
Central Jiangsu南通Nantong 298 334 334 334 334 327 扬州Yangzhou 318 271 271 294 294 290 泰州Taizhou 256 256 284 320 321 287 合计Subtotal 872 861 889 948 949 904(4.3) 苏北
North Jiangsu徐州Xuzhou 459 459 459 464 464 461 淮安Huai’an 401 401 401 404 404 402 盐城Yancheng 332 359 396 396 396 376 连云港Lianyungang 349 349 354 354 354 352 宿迁Suqian 245 245 245 253 253 248 合计Subtotal 1786 1813 1855 1871 1871 1839(3.5) 合计Total 4500 4540 4659 4690 4712 4620(4.6) 平均列中括号内数据为高速公路空间密度。The data in bracket is space density of expressway. 表 8 江苏省各星级乡村旅游区与高速公路空间密度相关性分析
Table 8. Correlation between star-level of rural tourism areas and expressway length and spatial density in Jiangsu Province
Pearson相关性检验
Pearson correlation test高速公路空间密度
Express space density三星级
Three-star四星级
Four-star五星级
Five-star总数量
Total高速公路空间密度
Express space densityPearson相关性Pearson correlation 1.000 0.942 0.866 0.989 0.905 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.218 0.333 0.097 0.280 N 3 3 3 3 3 三星级
Three-starPearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.942 1.000 0.984 0.982 0.995 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.218 0.116 0.121 0.062 N 3 3 3 3 3 四星级
Four-starPearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.866 0.984 1.000 0.932 0.997 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.333 0.116 0.237 0.053 N 3 3 3 3 3 五星级
Five-starPearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.989 0.982 0.932 1.000 0.959 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.097 0.121 0.237 0.184 N 3 3 3 3 3 总数量
TotalPearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.905 0.995 0.997 0.959 1.000 显著性(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed) 0.280 0.062 0.053 0.184 N 3 3 3 3 3 -
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