Abstract: Atmospheric N deposition under human influence is an important part of global biogeochemical N cycle. As an important source of plant nutrient and soil acidification, increased N deposition from the atmosphere would greatly impact production and stability of global terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This paper reviews recent literatures on atmospheric N deposition and the related ecological effects on soil and water environment, agriculture and forest ecosystems and biodiversity. It summarizes documented measurement methods of atmospheric N deposition. Finally, the prospected and trend of atmospheric N deposition research development in China is advanced.