吕汉强, 胡发龙, 于爱忠, 苏向向, 王玉珑, 殷文, 柴强. 荒漠绿洲区不同绿肥还田方式下玉米农田土壤团聚体微结构特征[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(6): 952−964. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210467
引用本文: 吕汉强, 胡发龙, 于爱忠, 苏向向, 王玉珑, 殷文, 柴强. 荒漠绿洲区不同绿肥还田方式下玉米农田土壤团聚体微结构特征[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(6): 952−964. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210467
LYU H Q, HU F L, YU A Z, SU X X, WANG Y L, YIN W, CHAI Q. Microstructure characteristics of soil aggregates of maize farmland under different utilization patterns of green manure in a desert oasis area[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(6): 952−964. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210467
Citation: LYU H Q, HU F L, YU A Z, SU X X, WANG Y L, YIN W, CHAI Q. Microstructure characteristics of soil aggregates of maize farmland under different utilization patterns of green manure in a desert oasis area[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(6): 952−964. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210467

荒漠绿洲区不同绿肥还田方式下玉米农田土壤团聚体微结构特征

Microstructure characteristics of soil aggregates of maize farmland under different utilization patterns of green manure in a desert oasis area

  • 摘要: 传统土壤团聚体评价方法不能描述团聚体微观结构特征, 且对<0.25 mm粒径团聚体细化分析不足。利用现代显微技术, 准确定量农艺措施对土壤团聚体结构特征的影响对于采取科学的土壤管理方法具有重要意义。本试验开始于2016年, 为长期定位试验。在河西走廊石羊河流域荒漠绿洲区, 通过田间试验探究麦后复种绿肥不同还田方式全量翻压(TG)、地表覆盖免耕(NTG)、地上部收获后根茬翻压(T)、地上部收获后根茬免耕(NT)和不复种绿肥翻耕休闲(CT)对轮作玉米农田土壤团聚体微结构特征的影响。在2019—2020年, 利用扫描电镜(SEM)获得玉米抽雄吐丝期农田0~30 cm土壤超微观图像, 定性揭示其表观特征, 并运用Nano Measurer图像处理软件定量分析土壤颗粒粒径特征和团聚体特征。研究表明: 在CT中, 玉米农田土壤颗粒粒径主要集中在0.25 mm以下, 其中23.9%~27.4%的为粒径在0.05~0.25 mm、表面光滑、形状较为规则的土壤砂粒, 其余为粉粒和黏粒(美国制), 团聚体数量占颗粒总数的9.1%~9.6%。与CT相比, 绿肥根茬还田(NT、T)的玉米农田土壤颗粒为大量粒径在0.05~0.1 mm之间的极细砂粒, NT和T处理的团聚体数量分别提高10.1%~23.3%和14.4%~17.3%。绿肥全量还田(TG、NTG)可促进玉米农田以单粒为基础的砂粒粒径减小, 由小粒径单粒构成大量表面粗糙多孔、凹凸不平, 附着有大量粉粒和黏粒的团聚体, 团聚体粒径主要集中在0.1~0.25 mm, 与CT处理相比, 团聚体数量分别提高25.8%~50.9%和34.1%~43.4%, 其中NTG处理具有形成粒径>0.25 mm大团聚体的构造性能和潜力。由此说明, 在荒漠绿洲区, 麦后复种绿肥全量还田条件下, 全量翻压或地表覆盖免耕还田措施可使后茬玉米农田具有良好的土壤团聚体结构特征。

     

    Abstract: It is difficult to describe the microstructure characteristics of soil aggregates using traditional methods. Although classification and analysis of <0.25 mm aggregates are necessary, knowledge about them is insufficient. Thus, accurate evaluation of the effect of agronomic measures on soil aggregate structure characteristics using modern microscopic techniques is important for soil management via the adoption of scientific methods. A long-term positioning field experiment in 2016 in the Shiyang River Basin of desert oasis area of the Hexi Corridor was conducted to investigate the effect of green manure retention practices on soil aggregate characteristics under a wheat-green manure-maize rotation system. The different practices included tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated into the soil (TG), no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on the soil surface (NTG), tillage with above-ground green manure moved and roots incorporated into the soil (T), no-tillage with above-ground green manure moved (NT), and conventional tillage without green manure (CT, the control). In 2019 to 2020, a scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the microcosmic images of 0–30 cm soil during maize tasseling and silking stages to qualitatively reveal the apparent characteristics. Nano Measurer software was used to quantitatively analyze the soil particle size and aggregate characteristics. Results showed that most of the soil particle size under CT was less than 0.25 mm, of which 23.9%−27.4% were sand, a kind of smooth surface and regular shape with particle size ranged from 0.05 to 0.25 mm. Others were silt and clay (USDA), and the number of soil aggregates accounted for 9.1%−9.6% of the total particles. Compared to those under CT, the soil particles of NT and T were very fine sand with particle size ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 mm, and the number of soil aggregates under the two treatments was improved by 10.1%−23.3% and 14.4%−17.3%, respectively. The TG and NTG treatments facilitated the reduction in the particle size of single-grain sand in the maize field. These small single grains constituted large aggregates with rough, porous, and uneven surfaces and were attached by a lot of silt and clay. The particle size of large aggregates ranged from 0.1 to 0.25 mm. Compared to that under CT, the number of soil aggregates under TG and NTG treatments was improved by 25.8%−50.9% and 34.1%−43.4%, respectively. In addition, soil under NTG exhibited structural performance and potential to form large aggregates with particle size >0.25 mm. Therefore, in a desert oasis area, a full quantity of green manure was incorporated into the soil or mulched on the soil surface with no tillage after wheat-green manure cropping system, and the soil under both the systems had superior structural characteristics of soil aggregates compared to that under the control system.

     

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