刘北城, 段剑钊, 戎亚思, 张艳艳, 贺利, 王永华, 郭天财, 冯伟. 外源14-羟基芸苔素甾醇对冬小麦小花成粒及生理特性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(7): 1143−1154. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210622
引用本文: 刘北城, 段剑钊, 戎亚思, 张艳艳, 贺利, 王永华, 郭天财, 冯伟. 外源14-羟基芸苔素甾醇对冬小麦小花成粒及生理特性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(7): 1143−1154. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210622
LIU B C, DUAN J Z, RONG Y S, ZHANG Y Y, HE L, WANG Y H, GUO T C, FENG W. Effects of exogenous 14-hydroxybrassinolide on floret development into grain and physiological characteristics of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(7): 1143−1154. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210622
Citation: LIU B C, DUAN J Z, RONG Y S, ZHANG Y Y, HE L, WANG Y H, GUO T C, FENG W. Effects of exogenous 14-hydroxybrassinolide on floret development into grain and physiological characteristics of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(7): 1143−1154. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210622

外源14-羟基芸苔素甾醇对冬小麦小花成粒及生理特性的影响

Effects of exogenous 14-hydroxybrassinolide on floret development into grain and physiological characteristics of winter wheat

  • 摘要: 为探索14-羟基芸苔素甾醇(14-HBR)对小麦穗花发育成粒的影响, 以多穗型品种‘豫麦49-198’(V1)和大穗型品种‘周麦16’(V2)为材料, 在小麦拔节后20 d叶面喷施0.05 μmol∙L−1的14-HBR, 通过观察穗花发育进程, 测定旗叶碳氮代谢酶和不同器官碳氮含量及产量构成因素, 分析外源14-HBR对穗花发育的调控效应及促粒增产的生理机制。结果表明, 外源14-HBR可以有效增加小麦可孕小花数量, 提高可孕小花和小穗结实率, 对大穗型品种V2促进效果更明显。喷施14-HBR可以提高小麦旗叶Rubisco酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)以及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和硝酸还原酶(NR)的活性, 且总体上对品种V2的促进效应更高。外源14-HBR可以提高穗和非穗器官的可溶性糖和氮含量及干物质积累量, 促进可溶性糖向穗部转运, 提高穗器官C/N比, 为穗花发育提供充足的碳营养, 且总体对品种V2的促进效果更好。考察V1和V2两品种产量及其构成因素发现, 喷施14-HBR对两品种穗数和千粒重影响较小, 而对穗粒数和产量促进效果显著, 其中产量增幅分别为9.31%和12.03%, 穗粒数增幅分别为9.85%和11.40%。喷施14-HBR主要通过提高小麦碳同化能力, 增强氮素吸收与积累, 促进碳营养物质向穗部转运和分配, 从而为穗花发育提供良好的物质基础以减少可孕小花的退化和败育, 进而提高小花结实数和结实率, 且对大穗型品种的影响更明显。

     

    Abstract: A high grain number per spike is the basis for achieving a high yield. Promoting spike and floret development, and reducing floret degeneration and abortion can effectively increase the development of fertile florets into more grains. Exploring the effect of spraying exogenous 14-hydroxybrassinosterol (14-HBR) on the development of wheat florets into grains contributes to increasing grains number per spike and improving yield. A field experiment of spraying 0.05 μmol∙L−1 14-HBR on wheat leaf surface at 20 days after jointing was conducted with multi-spike wheat cultivar ‘Yumai 49-198’ and large-spike wheat cultivar ‘Zhoumai 16’. The development of young spikes and florets, carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes in flag leaves, dry matter weight, soluble sugar and nitrogen contents of different organs, and yield components were measured to analyze the effect of exogenous 14-HBR on the optimization of spike and floret development, as well as the physiological mechanism of 14-HBR promoting grains number. The results showed that spraying exogenous 14-HBR increased the number of fertile florets and the setting rate of fertile florets and spikelets. The promoting effect was more obvious for the large-spike wheat cultivar ‘Zhoumai 16’. Spraying exogenous 14-HBR increased the activities of RuBisCo enzyme, sucrose phosphorylase, and sucrose synthase for carbon metabolism, and activities of glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase for nitrogen metabolism in wheat flag leaf, which promoted the synthesis of photosynthetic products and the metabolism and accumulation of carbon and nitrogen. Overall, the promoting effect was higher for large-spike wheat cultivar ‘Zhoumai 16’ than multi-spike wheat cultivar ‘Yumai 49-198’. Spraying exogenous 14-HBR increased the contents of soluble sugar and nitrogen and dry matter accumulation of spike organ and non-spike organ, promoted the transport and distribution of soluble sugar to spike, and improved the C/N ratio of spike organs, which provided sufficient carbon nutrients for spike and floret development, and overall, the promoting effect was more effective for large-spike wheat cultivar ‘Zhoumai 16’. To analyze the effect of exogenous 14-HBR on the yield and yield components, spraying 14-HBR 20 days after elongation had little effect on spike number and thousand-grain weight, but a significant impact on grains number per spike and yield was observed. Spraying exogenous 14-HBR significantly improved the grains number per spike, which was the main way to increase the yield. Compared with CK treatment (no spraying 14-HBR but spraying water), for the spraying 14-HBR treatment of multi-spike wheat cultivar ‘Yumai 49-198’ and large-spike wheat cultivar ‘Zhoumai 16’, the increase in grains number per spike was 9.85% and 11.40%, respectively, and the increase in yield was 9.31% and 12.03%, respectively. Spraying exogenous 14-HBR mainly improved the carbon assimilation ability of wheat, enhanced nitrogen absorption and accumulation, and promoted the transport and distribution of carbon nutrients to spike organs, thereby providing a good material basis for the two-stage differentiation of florets, reducing the degradation and abortion of florets, and increasing the number and rate of floret settings.

     

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