蔡育蓉, 王立刚. 北方典型农业生态系统的固碳减排路径及模式[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(4): 641−650. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210789
引用本文: 蔡育蓉, 王立刚. 北方典型农业生态系统的固碳减排路径及模式[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(4): 641−650. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210789
CAI Y R, WANG L G. Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation paths and modes in a typical agroecosystem in northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(4): 641−650. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210789
Citation: CAI Y R, WANG L G. Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation paths and modes in a typical agroecosystem in northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(4): 641−650. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210789

北方典型农业生态系统的固碳减排路径及模式

Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation paths and modes in a typical agroecosystem in northern China

  • 摘要: 北方农业生态系统在保障我国粮食安全和生态安全方面具有举足轻重的地位, 尤其在氧化亚氮(N2O)减排和土壤固碳方面具有巨大的潜力, 但在“碳达峰”与“碳中和”实施过程中, 在保障粮食安全的基础上, 农田土壤固碳和非二氧化碳减排的路径如何选择?不同区域典型农业生态系统固碳减排模式是什么?固碳减排实施过程需要注意哪些问题?这些问题尚缺乏系统研究。因此, 本文在系统分析北方不同区域农业生产特点的基础上, 提出北方农业生态系统温室气体减排遵循“稳能减排”、固碳遵循“减速双增”的路径, 并指出不同区域固碳减排重点内容; 归纳提出低碳循环、扩容增碳、碳优化养殖、节氮保碳等4种模式的技术构成、固碳减排效应及其适应区域; 进而探究了北方农业生产助力“碳达峰”与“碳中和”过程需要关注“固碳与减排协同、固碳减排效率、技术模式大规模实施”等问题, 为我国北方低碳绿色农业发展提供思路和支撑。

     

    Abstract: “Carbon peak and carbon neutrality” is a commitment of the country to achieve sustainable development in “response and mitigate climate change”, and agroecosystems should bear the corresponding share of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission mitigation and farmland soil carbon sequestration. Northern agroecosystems play a pivotal role in ensuring food and ecological security in China, and many previous studies have shown that northern agroecosystems have great potential in N2O emission mitigation and soil carbon sequestration. However, to ensure food security during the implementation of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, how do we choose the path of soil carbon sequestration and non-CO2 emission mitigation in farmland soil? What are the carbon sequestration and emission mitigation modes of typical agroecosystems in different regions? What problems should be addressed in the implementation of carbon sequestration and emission mitigation? Other issues remain inconclusive or lack systematic research. Therefore, according to the method of agricultural division, the north of China is divided into three agricultural regions, i. e. Northeast China, North China and Northwest China. Based on the systematic analysis of the characteristics of agricultural production in different regions of northern China, this study proposed that the greenhouse gas emission reduction of the northern agroecosystems follows the path of “optimizing production capacity and mitigating emissions (stabilization of productivity of farming and breeding; and mitigation of N2O emission from farmland, carbon emission from agricultural energy consumption and breeding and its’ wastes)”, and carbon sequestration follows the path of “slow-down and double increase (slow down of the decrease of soil organic carbon of black soil in the Northeast China and increase soil carbon storage of medium and low-yield field and grazing grassland)”. The study puts forward the key contents of carbon sequestration and emission mitigation in different regions. This paper summarizes the technical composition, carbon sequestration and emission mitigation effects, and adaptation area of four modes, namely low carbon cycle mode, capacity expansion and carbon increase mode, carbon optimized breeding mode, and nitrogen saving and carbon conservation mode. Furthermore, this study illustrates that the process of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” assisted by agricultural production in northern China needs to focus on “coordination of carbon sequestration and emission mitigation, efficiency of carbon sequestration and emission mitigation, large-scale implementation of technology and mode” to provide ideas and support for the development of “low-carbon” green agroecosystems in northern China.

     

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