倪明理, 邓凯, 张文宇, 尚永青, 魏凤, 袁鹏丽, 李准, 樊丹, 曹凑贵, 汪金平. 稻虾种养对水稻产量和粮食安全的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(8): 1293−1300. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210891
引用本文: 倪明理, 邓凯, 张文宇, 尚永青, 魏凤, 袁鹏丽, 李准, 樊丹, 曹凑贵, 汪金平. 稻虾种养对水稻产量和粮食安全的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(8): 1293−1300. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210891
NI M L, DENG K, ZHANG W Y, SHANG Y Q, WEI F, YUAN P L, LI Z, FAN D, CAO C G, WANG J P. Effects of rice-crayfish coculture on rice yield and food security[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(8): 1293−1300. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210891
Citation: NI M L, DENG K, ZHANG W Y, SHANG Y Q, WEI F, YUAN P L, LI Z, FAN D, CAO C G, WANG J P. Effects of rice-crayfish coculture on rice yield and food security[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(8): 1293−1300. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210891

稻虾种养对水稻产量和粮食安全的影响

Effects of rice-crayfish coculture on rice yield and food security

  • 摘要: 稻虾种养模式是指将小龙虾的养殖与水稻种植相结合的一种复合种养模式, 该模式因其较高的经济效益, 近些年在全国发展迅速。在稻虾种养模式大面积推广的背景下, 有关稻虾种养模式对粮食产量安全的问题受到关注。本文通过多年定位试验、不同生态区农户调查和湖北省近10年统计年鉴资料, 对稻虾种养稻田的粮食安全问题进行分析。结果表明: 1)稻虾种养提高了农民的种稻积极性, 扩大了水稻种植面积, 增加了水稻总产量。稻虾种养面积与水稻种植面积呈显著正相关, 稻虾主产区湖北省潜江市、荆州市和湖北省的水稻种植面积与10年前相比分别提高77.77%、16.23%和12.20%, 水稻总产量分别提高68.12%、16.61%和20.49%。同时近10年湖北省夏收粮食(小麦等)产量维持稳定。2)湖北稻虾产区养殖沟占比(G)平均值为13.42%, G在一定程度上会影响水稻产量。在不考虑G情况下, 与传统稻田单作相比, 稻虾种养水稻产量提高17.63%。当G≤10%时, 稻虾种养水稻产量略低于传统单作, 差异不显著, 但是10%<G<20%和G≥20%条件下, 水稻产量显著降低, 分别降低18.19%和34.81%。3)稻虾种养发展区存在优劣势差异。水稻、小龙虾产量的表现在江汉平原、鄂东沿江平原优于鄂中北丘陵。因此按照G≤10%的标准规范稻虾模式田间工程建设, 坚持因地制宜地发展稻虾模式, 可在维持稻虾收益的同时保持水稻粮食安全, 是确保我国稻虾产业持续健康发展的重要保证。

     

    Abstract: Rice-crayfish coculture (RC) refers to an integrated agriculture mode that combines crayfish breeding and rice planting. This mode has developed rapidly in China in recent years owing to its high economic benefits. The effect of large-scale promotion of RC on grain yield has attracted attention. Thus, to explore whether the large-scale popularization of RC has an adverse simultaneous impact on local rice yield and total grain yield, the influence of the proportion of cultivation ditches on rice yield was analyzed, the development status of RC in different regions was compared, and whether RC is suitable for further promotion was investigated. This study analyzed the impact of the RC mode on rice yield through long-term positioning experiments, household surveys in different ecological areas, and statistical yearbook data from Hubei Province over the past 10 years. The results showed the following: 1) RC expanded the area, increased the total yield, and improved farmer enthusiasm for planting rice. There was a significant positive correlation between the RC mode planting area and the rice planting area. The rice-planting area in Qianjiang City, Jingzhou City, and Hubei Province increased by 77.77%, 16.23%, and 12.20%, respectively, and the total rice yield increased by 68.12%, 16.61%, and 20.49%, respectively, in recent 10 years. Simultaneously, the summer grain (wheat) yield in Hubei Province had remained stable over the last 10 years. 2) The average proportion of cultivation ditches of crayfish (G) in the Hubei RC-producing area was 13.42%, and G affects rice yield to a certain extent. Without considering G, the rice yield, when using the RC mode, increased by 17.63% compared to that of traditional rice monoculture. When G≤10%, the RC rice yield was slightly lower than that of traditional rice monoculture, but the difference was not significant. However, under the conditions of 10%<G<20% and G≥20%, rice yield significantly decreased by 18.19% and 34.81%, respectively. 3) There are advantages and disadvantages in RC development areas. The yields of rice and crayfish in Jianghan Plain and the plain along the river in eastern Hubei were better than those on the hills of central and northern Hubei. Previous research results showed that RC can stabilize the yield of rice under appropriate G conditions. Simultaneously, owing to the high economic effect of RC, an increasing number of farmers have joined the industry in recent years, which has promoted an increase in the total yield of rice in the regions. However, there are obvious regional adaptability differences in RC. Only in advantageous regions can give full play to their role in stabilizing grain yield and increasing efficiency. Therefore, the field engineering construction associated with the RC mode should be standardized according to G≤10%, and adhering to the development of RC mode according to local conditions can maintain rice and crayfish income and food security, which is an important guarantee for the sustainable and healthy development of the rice-crayfish industry in China.

     

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