朱春雨, 曹建生. 生态旅游研究进展与展望[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(10): 1698−1708. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210900
引用本文: 朱春雨, 曹建生. 生态旅游研究进展与展望[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(10): 1698−1708. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210900
ZHU C Y, CAO J S. Research progress and prospects of ecotourism[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(10): 1698−1708. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210900
Citation: ZHU C Y, CAO J S. Research progress and prospects of ecotourism[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(10): 1698−1708. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210900

生态旅游研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospects of ecotourism

  • 摘要: 20世纪80年代以来, 随着可持续发展理念在世界范围内的不断深化, 具有开发和保护双重属性的生态旅游成为国内外研究的热点。本文从生态旅游内涵概念、利益相关者、环境影响和管理4个角度梳理了过去40年国内外研究成果, 包括: 1)生态旅游的概念和内涵随着经济社会背景和生态旅游产业发展而不断发展完善, 共有特征是以自然和伴生的人文生态系统为对象、一种负责任的旅游方式和具有生态和经济双重效益; 2)生态旅游利益相关者包括核心层、紧密层和松散层, 政府、旅游企业、旅游者、社区居民等核心层之间的利益诉求冲突构成了生态旅游的主要矛盾, 在利益相关者关系机制和利益分配机制等方面进行了深入探索; 3)生态旅游对环境影响存在两面性, 在小尺度上多表现为对植物、土壤、动物和水环境的损害和破坏, 而在大的景观尺度上通过为野生动物和保护区提供支持、降低当地居民自然资源需求、提升参与者对环境保护的认知等直接或间接方式促进自然、生物和文化环境的保护; 4)生态旅游管理包括景区规划、游客管理、环境教育、社区参与等内容, 其理论基础、表现形式、实施方式、运行模式逐渐从单一向多元化转变, 3S技术和“互联网+”等、游客认知管理等新技术、新理念逐步应用到生态旅游管理机制探索中。在此基础上, 结合新时代生态文明建设背景下我国生态旅游实践需求, 对未来研究热点领域进行了展望, 以期为国内外生态旅游的实践及研究提供参考和借鉴。

     

    Abstract: Ecotourism is a type of ecological project and tourism activity which has attracted increasing attention from scholars because of rising interest in sustainable development in the world since the 1980s. This paper reviewed the progress and problems in ecotourism research over the past 40 years from concept, stakeholder, environmental impact, and management perspectives. It found that: 1) the concept of ecotourism was constantly developing with the socioeconomic environment and the ecotourism industry; their common characteristics include taking nature and associated humanistic ecosystems as the object, responsible tourism, and the dual attributes of ecological and economic benefits. 2) The stakeholders of ecotourism may be considered as core layer, close layer, or loose layer members. The conflicts between the demands of the different core layers, such as the government, tourism enterprises, tourists, and community residents, constituted the main issues for ecotourism. Researchers should try to resolve this conflict by exploring the appropriateness of relationships and mechanisms of profit allocation for stakeholders. 3) The effect of ecotourism on the environment caused damage and destruction on a small scale, while protecting the landscape on a large scale by providing support for wildlife, reducing the resource needs of local residents, and improving the public’s environmental awareness. 4) Ecotourism management was composed of scenic spot planning, tourist management, environmental education, and community participation. Some new technologies and concepts such as 3S technology, “Internet +” and Tourist Cognitive Management were gradually being applied in the development of the ecotourism management. On this basis, we put forward some suggestions for future research on ecotourism trends, combined with the practical needs of Chinese ecotourism in the new era. We hope that this study can provide a reference for the practice and research of ecotourism.

     

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