张如鑫, 屈忠义, 杨威, 刘祖汀, 王麒源, 王丽萍. 生物炭对盐渍化土壤周年温室气体排放及冻融效应的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(10): 1565−1576. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220010
引用本文: 张如鑫, 屈忠义, 杨威, 刘祖汀, 王麒源, 王丽萍. 生物炭对盐渍化土壤周年温室气体排放及冻融效应的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(10): 1565−1576. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220010
ZHANG R X, QU Z Y, YANG W, LIU Z T, WANG Q Y, WANG L P. Effects of biochar on annual greenhouse gas emissions and freeze-thaw effects in saline soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(10): 1565−1576. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220010
Citation: ZHANG R X, QU Z Y, YANG W, LIU Z T, WANG Q Y, WANG L P. Effects of biochar on annual greenhouse gas emissions and freeze-thaw effects in saline soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(10): 1565−1576. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220010

生物炭对盐渍化土壤周年温室气体排放及冻融效应的影响

Effects of biochar on annual greenhouse gas emissions and freeze-thaw effects in saline soil

  • 摘要: 为探讨生物炭对内蒙古河套灌区盐渍土周年温室气体排放规律及冻融效应的影响, 于2019年初冻期前设置3种生物炭添加量处理15 t∙hm−2 (B15)、30 t∙hm−2 (B30)和 0 t∙hm−2 (CK), 之后不再施用生物炭, 在试验当年冻融期(1 a冻融期)、葵花生长期和翌年冻融期(2 a冻融期), 测定不同处理的土壤CO2、CH4、N2O排放通量和理化性质。结果表明: 施用生物炭显著降低了葵花生长期土壤CO2累积排放量, 与CK相比, B15和B30分别降低CO2累积排放量9.86%和14.37%, 而对1a、2a冻融期的CO2累积排放量无显著影响。1 a冻融期、葵花生长期和2 a冻融期的土壤以吸收CH4为主, 其中冻融期土壤对CH4的吸收强度大于葵花生长期; 生物炭施入能够降低土壤CH4累积排放量, 3个时期降低幅度分别为31.15%~55.59%、18.75%~28.13%和9.33%~25.36%, 随施入时间的延长其降幅逐步减小。与CK相比, 生物炭添加显著降低了3个时期土壤N2O累积排放量, 1 a冻融期降幅为42.86%~54.76%, 葵花生长期降幅为14.08%~26.76%, 2 a冻融期降幅为24.07%~59.26%。同时, 添加生物炭能降低温室气体排放的综合增温潜势, 3个时期的增温潜势大小顺序均为CK>B15>B30; 与CK比, B15和B30显著提高了葵花产量, 增幅分别为6.51%和9.44%。施用于盐渍化土壤的生物炭经历2轮冻融作用, 能在不明显减少土壤CO2排放的基础上, 显著抑制N2O排放、促进CH4吸收。

     

    Abstract: Inner Mongolia is the main grain-producing region in China and is one of the regions subject to the most significant effects of climate warming. This study investigated the effects of biochar on annual greenhouse gas emissions and the freeze-thaw effect of saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area, Inner Mongolia. Three biochar addition treatments biochar rate of 15 t∙hm−2 (B15), 30 t∙hm−2 (B30), and control without biochar application (CK) were set up before the freeze–thaw period in 2019, and no biochar was applied thereafter. Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O emission fluxes and physicochemical properties were measured in different treatments during the freeze–thaw period in the first year, sunflower growth period, and freeze–thaw period in the second year in the experiment. The results showed that biochar treatment increased soil pH, electrical conductivity, water content, temperature, and available P and K contents, and this effect persisted after two years of soil freezing-thawing. Soil CO2 and N2O emission fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature and soil moisture during the entire experimental period. However, there was no significant correlation between CH4 flux and soil temperature, moisture, conductivity, pH, or available P and K. The soil CO2 flux in different sampling periods showed obvious seasonal variation, with a lower level in the freeze–thaw period and a higher level in the crop growing period. The overall variation pattern of CO2 flux was similar to that of temperature. The application of biochar significantly reduced the accumulated soil CO2 emissions during the sunflower growing period, with B15 and B30 reducing CO2 emissions by 9.86% and 14.37%, respectively, compared to CK, whereas there was no significant effect on CO2 emissions during the freeze–thaw periods in the first and second years. Soils in the freeze–thaw period in the first year, sunflower growth period and freeze–thaw period in the second year were dominated by CH4 uptake, where the intensity of CH4 uptake by soils in the freeze–thaw periods was greater than that in the sunflower growth period. Biochar application reduced cumulative soil CH4 emissions by 31.15%−55.59%, 18.75%−28.13% and 9.33%−25.36% in the three periods, respectively, and the reduction rate decreased gradually over time. N2O emissions usually reach their peak when soil moisture is sufficient, and in this experiment, soil N2O emissions were mainly concentrated in the melting and crop-growing stages. Compared with CK, biochar addition significantly reduced cumulative soil N2O emissions in three periods, ranging from 42.86% to 54.76% in the freeze–thaw period in the first year, 14.08% to 26.76% in the sunflower growing period, and 24.07% to 59.26% in the freeze–thaw period in the second year. The global warming potential (GWP) was negative in both freeze–thaw periods, indicating that no warming effect was observed in the soil during the freeze–thaw period. The GWP value of biochar treatment was significantly lower than that of CK, and the order of warming potential was CK > B15 > B30. Compared to CK, the GWP values of B15 and B30 decreased by 15.74% and 30.19%, respectively. Compared with CK, B15 and B30 significantly increased the sunflower yield by 6.51% and 9.44%, respectively. Biochar applied to salinized soil underwent two rounds of the freeze–thaw could significantly inhibit N2O emissions and promote CH4 uptake without significantly reducing soil CO2 emissions.

     

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