张庆, 胡春胜, 刘彬彬, 张玉铭, 董文旭, 李晓欣, 刘秀萍, 王晶, 张睿媛, 吴坤燕, 吴洁. 生物有机肥配施化肥对生菜生长和土壤环境的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(5): 725−741. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220642
引用本文: 张庆, 胡春胜, 刘彬彬, 张玉铭, 董文旭, 李晓欣, 刘秀萍, 王晶, 张睿媛, 吴坤燕, 吴洁. 生物有机肥配施化肥对生菜生长和土壤环境的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(5): 725−741. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220642
ZHANG Q, HU C S, LIU B B, ZHANG Y M, DONG W X, LI X X, LIU X P, WANG J, ZHANG R Y, WU K Y, WU J. Influence of combined application of bioorganic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on lettuce growth and soil environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(5): 725−741. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220642
Citation: ZHANG Q, HU C S, LIU B B, ZHANG Y M, DONG W X, LI X X, LIU X P, WANG J, ZHANG R Y, WU K Y, WU J. Influence of combined application of bioorganic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on lettuce growth and soil environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(5): 725−741. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220642

生物有机肥配施化肥对生菜生长和土壤环境的影响

Influence of combined application of bioorganic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on lettuce growth and soil environment

  • 摘要: 不合理施肥导致土壤退化和产出下降, 废弃物处理则关系到环境和资源可持续发展。生物有机肥在植物促生和土壤培肥方面优势突出, 有利于资源高效利用、减施化肥和蔬菜产业发展。本研究通过向中药渣有机肥中分别接种地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌后发酵制备试验用生物有机肥, 开展生菜温室盆栽试验, 探究不同生物有机肥配施化肥对生菜生长和土壤环境的影响。设置6个处理, 分别为3种生物有机肥替代80%化肥氮处理地衣芽孢杆菌+中药渣有机肥+化肥(B1H)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌+中药渣有机肥+化肥(B2H)、巨大芽孢杆菌+中药渣有机肥+化肥(B4H)、1种有机肥替代80%化肥氮处理中药渣有机肥+化肥(H)和单施化肥处理(CF)以及不施肥处理(CK)。测定和分析收获期生物量和品质等生菜生长指标以及理化性质和细菌多样性等土壤环境指标。结果发现: 各施肥处理对生菜综合增产提质效果以及对土壤养分环境的综合改善效果排序均为B4H>B2H>B1H>H>CF>CK, 与H相比, B4H的生菜地上部鲜重以及叶绿素、维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别提高10.69%、17.77%、47.54%和10.95%, 硝酸盐含量降低52.00%, 土壤有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、微生物量碳(MBC)和水溶性有机碳(DOC)含量分别提高47.57%、10.98%、35.54%和16.10%, 根际土细菌物种丰富度和多样性也分别提高7.68%和0.85%。土壤AP、AK和AN是生菜生长的主要影响因子, pH、AP和AK则是土壤细菌群落的主要调控因子, 土壤中这些关键因子对优化施肥的响应间接调节了生菜生长和土壤环境。施肥有助于提高生菜根际土细菌Alpha多样性, 较高的根际土细菌Alpha多样性对生菜生长表现出促进作用。总的来说, B4H对生菜生长和土壤环境的改善效果最佳, 可通过大田试验对其促生培肥功效和环境效应作进一步探究。本研究为蔬菜和生物有机肥产业发展提供了新的理论支持, 有利于绿色可持续发展战略实施。

     

    Abstract: Irrational fertilization leads to soil degradation and output decline, and crop waste disposal affects the sustainable development of environment and resources. Bioorganic fertilizer showed outstanding advantages in plant growth promotion and soil fertility cultivation, which is beneficial to efficient utilization of resource and reduction of chemical fertilizer application, as well as the development of vegetable industries. In this study, bioorganic fertilizers specifically for experiment were made by fermentation after inoculating Bacillus licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. megaterium into Chinese medicine residues, respectively; and lettuce pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to explore the influence of bioorganic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on lettuce growth and soil environment. Six treatments were set, including three treatments of bioorganic fertilizer with 80% nitrogen content replacing chemical fertilizer (B. licheniformis + Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer, B1H; B. amyloliquefaciens + Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer, B2H; and B. megaterium + Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer, B4H), one treatment where organic fertilizer with 80% nitrogen content replacing chemical fertilizer (Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer, H) and chemical fertilizer treatment (CF), as well as no fertilizer treatment (CK). The growth indicators of lettuce, and soil environmental indicators and bacterial diversity were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: the comprehensive effect of fertilization measures on lettuce yield and quality, soil nutrient environment improvement were both ranked as B4H>B2H>B1H>H>CF>CK. Compared with H, the fresh weight and content of chlorophyll, vitamin C and soluble sugar of lettuce in B4H were increased by 10.69%, 17.77%, 47.54% and 10.95%, respectively; while the nitrate content in B4H was decreased by 52.00%. The contents of available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in B4H were increased by 47.57%, 10.98%, 35.54% and 16.10% respectively. The bacterial species richness and diversity increased by 7.68% and 0.85% respectively in B4H. Soil AP, AK and available nitrogen (AN) were the main factors affecting lettuce growth, while pH, AP and AK were the main regulatory factors on soil bacterial community. Fertilization was beneficial to bacterial Alpha diversity promotion in lettuce rhizosphere soil, and higher bacterial Alpha diversity in rhizosphere soil performed promoting effect on lettuce yield and quality. As a whole, B4H was the optimal fertilization to the improvement of lettuce growth and soil environment. This study proposed new theoretical support to the development of vegetable and bioorganic fertilizer industries, and was conducive to the implementation of green sustainable development strategy.

     

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