张千禧, 曹智, 王介勇. 双碳视角下乡村地域系统碳效应研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(8): 1256−1274. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220798
引用本文: 张千禧, 曹智, 王介勇. 双碳视角下乡村地域系统碳效应研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(8): 1256−1274. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220798
ZHANG Q X, CAO Z, WANG J Y. Research progress of rural regional system carbon effect from the perspective of Dual Carbon[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(8): 1256−1274. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220798
Citation: ZHANG Q X, CAO Z, WANG J Y. Research progress of rural regional system carbon effect from the perspective of Dual Carbon[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(8): 1256−1274. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220798

双碳视角下乡村地域系统碳效应研究进展

Research progress of rural regional system carbon effect from the perspective of Dual Carbon

  • 摘要: 乡村是国土空间的重要组成部分, 乡村减排增汇是实现双碳目标的关键举措。乡村碳效应包括碳排放效应和碳汇效应, 因核算范畴、方法、指标等不同, 各研究结果间差异较大, 尚未达成一致结论。本文基于人地关系地域系统理论构建乡村碳循环体系, 使用Meta分析方法综述乡村碳效应定量研究成果, 以期为形成乡村空间碳效应的系统认知提供参考。结果表明: 1)农业生产碳排放占乡村碳排放总量的20%, 作物种植和禽畜养殖碳排放分别占农业碳排放的30%和70%。少施1 t氮肥可减排9.526 t CO2, 相当于节约9555 kWh电, 可用于生产27 t大米; 减少1%的牛羊数量可减少4.48%的养殖业碳排放。2)乡村居民生活碳排放占乡村碳排放总量的80%, 其碳减排潜力高于农业生产; 燃煤占直接碳排放的80%, 若将1%煤炭消费替换为生物质能, 乡村生活将减排3624.8万t CO2, 节电3636 kWh。3)1990—2022年间, 我国乡村净碳汇呈增长态势, 乡村年均净碳汇50 025.8万t, 相当于节约7.36亿 t 标准煤, 123亿元固碳成本。建议增加新型长效肥料研发投资, 推广种养一体化生态农业模式, 加大低碳生活理念宣传力度, 推进乡村数字化能源系统建设, 以充分发挥乡村减排增汇潜力。

     

    Abstract: As an important constituent of national land space, rural carbon emission reduction and sink increase are crucial for achieving the Dual Carbon goal. The rural carbon effect involves carbon emissions and sinks, and the estimation results vary widely between studies, with no consistent conclusions owing to different accounting scopes, methods, indicators, and other factors. First, this study constructed a rural carbon cycle system based on the human-earth system theory. Second, a meta-analysis was used to integrate previous quantitative studies on rural carbon effects and estimate the overall effect size. Finally, factors influencing the rural carbon effect were summarized and suggestions for rural governance were proposed. This study aims to provide a reference for a quantitative understanding of the carbon effect of the rural regional system. The results show that 1) carbon emissions from agricultural production account for approximately 20% of the total rural carbon emissions, while carbon emissions from agriculture account for 10.37% of the total average annual carbon emissions in China, with approximately 30% originating from crop cultivation and approximately 70% from livestock farming. Fertilizer application accounts for 58.23% of crop cultivation carbon emissions, whereas 67.40% of livestock farming carbon emissions originats from animal enteric fermentation. Applying 1 t less nitrogen fertilizer can reduce carbon emissions by 9.526 t CO2, which is equivalent to an electricity saving of 9555 kWh and can be used to produce 27 t of rice. Improving nitrogen use efficiency by 1% conserves 375 000 t of raw coal, and reducing the number of cattle and sheep by 1% can reduce carbon emissions from livestock farming by 4.48%. 2) Approximately 80% of rural carbon emissions originates from residential living, which has a higher carbon reduction potential than agricultural production. Nearly 65% of residential living carbon emissions are indirectly generated, with housing construction accounting for 45.32%. Coal burning contributes to approximately 80% of direct carbon emissions, and replacing coal consumption by 1% with biomass energy can reduce residential living carbon emissions by 36 248 000 t CO2, corresponding to an electricity saving of 3636 kWh. Additionally, in the process of urbanization, the cost of eliminating 91.54 million tons of increased carbon emissions from a 1% rural-to-urban population shift would account for at least 6.1 billion Yuan. 3) Between 1990 and 2022, the net carbon sink of rural China assumed a growth trend, and the average annual rural net carbon sink was 500 258 200 t·a−1, equivalent to saving 736 million tons of standard coal and 12.3 billion Yuan in carbon sequestration costs. Net rural carbon emissions in China increased from 1990 to 2022; however, the carbon sequestration potential of farmland protection cultivation has not yet been fully exploited. Increasing the rural environmental governance level by 2% using emerging technologies can reduce the carbon emissions from rural agricultural production by 2%. Therefore, it is proposed to increase investment in the research and development of new long-acting fertilizers, promote an ecological agriculture model that integrates planting and breeding, enhance efforts to publicize the low-carbon living concept, and advance the construction of rural digital energy systems to fully utilize the potential for rural emission reduction and sink increase.

     

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