宁自力, 王贝贝, 谭先明, 滕一鸣, 杨文钰, 杨峰. 玉米行向配置对带状套作大豆光合特性、叶片结构及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(7): 1038−1052. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220906
引用本文: 宁自力, 王贝贝, 谭先明, 滕一鸣, 杨文钰, 杨峰. 玉米行向配置对带状套作大豆光合特性、叶片结构及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(7): 1038−1052. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220906
NING Z L, WANG B B, TAN X M, TENG Y M, YANG W Y, YANG F. Effect of maize row orientation configurations on the photosynthetic characteristics, leaf structure and yield of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(7): 1038−1052. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220906
Citation: NING Z L, WANG B B, TAN X M, TENG Y M, YANG W Y, YANG F. Effect of maize row orientation configurations on the photosynthetic characteristics, leaf structure and yield of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(7): 1038−1052. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220906

玉米行向配置对带状套作大豆光合特性、叶片结构及产量的影响

Effect of maize row orientation configurations on the photosynthetic characteristics, leaf structure and yield of soybean in relay strip intercropping systems

  • 摘要: 玉米−大豆带状复合种植技术具有提高土地利用率, 扩大大豆生产面积, 提高大豆产量的作用, 而田间配置直接影响大豆生长发育和产量形成。本研究通过分析玉米−大豆带状套作模式行向配置对大豆形态、光合生理参数及产量的影响, 确定南方区域玉米−大豆带状套作模式的最优行向。试验采用单因素随机区组设计, 玉米大豆行比为2∶2, 带宽2 m, 设置6个处理: 玉米西北-东南行向净作(CKm)、大豆西北-东南行向净作(CKs)和4种行向的玉米−大豆带状套作东-西(A1)、南-北(A2)、西北-东南(A3)、东北-西南(A4), 分析套作大豆光环境、株高、叶面积指数、光合色素、光合参数、叶片结构特性、粒叶比及产量等对复合种植系统行向的响应。结果表明, 东-西行向和西北-东南行向处理的大豆前期受荫蔽程度显著低于南-北行向和东北-西南行向处理(P<0.05); 东-西行向种植, 套作大豆受光量最大。与净作大豆西北-东南行向处理相比, 带状套作各处理大豆叶面积指数、地上部生物量、光合色素含量、净光合速率、叶片生产能力、叶片厚度、气孔密度显著降低, 整体趋势为东-西行向>西北-东南行向>南-北行向>东北-西南行向处理。东-西行向处理各生育时期大豆叶面积指数、地上部生物量、光合色素含量、净光合速率以及大豆叶片厚度、气孔密度、气孔长度和气孔开度均显著高于其他带状套作处理。在产量和效益方面, 东-西行向处理的大豆产量和整株粒叶比、1~5节位粒叶比及3~4节位粒叶比分别为1932.66 kg∙hm−2和1074.25 g∙m−2、498.50 g∙m−2及207.59 g∙m−2, 高于其他带状套作处理(P<0.05)。与玉米净作处理相比, 南-北行向、西北-东南行向和东北-西南行向处理玉米实际产量显著降低, 而东-西行向处理玉米产量增加1.67%。东-西行向处理下玉米产量贡献率最高(79.44%), 土地当量比为1.66。在中国南方地区, 东-西行向种植能显著发挥玉米−大豆套作复合种植模式的优势。

     

    Abstract: A maize-soybean intercropping system is conducive to increasing land use, expanding soybean production areas, and improving soybean quality. Furthermore, the field configuration directly affects soybean growth and yield formation. This study analyzed the effects of varying row direction configurations on the morphology, photosynthetic physiological parameters, and yield of soybeans in relay strip intercropping systems to determine the optimal row direction for maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems in southern China. A single-factor randomized block design was used in this study. The intercropping patterns used wide-narrow-row planting with alternating strips of maize and soybeans. The ratio of maize and soybean rows per strip in the relay strip intercropping systems was 2∶2. There were six treatments: monoculture maize (CKm) and soybean (CKs) both with northwest-southeast row direction, and the east-west, north-south, northwest-southeast, and northeast-southwest row direction of the relay strip intercropping systems of soybean−maize. The determination indices included the light environment, plant height, leaf area index, photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic parameters, leaf structure, grain to leaf ratio, and yield. The results showed that the shading degrees of intercropped soybeans in the east-west and northwest-southeast directions were significantly lower than that in the north-south and northeast-southwest directions (P<0.05). Soybeans planted in the east-west direction received maximum light. The leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, leaf productivity, leaf thickness, and stomatal density of soybeans in the strip intercropping treatments decreased significantly, with the overall trend of the east-west direction treatment > northwest-southeast direction treatment > north-south direction treatment > northeast-southwest direction treatment. The LAI, aboveground biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, thickness, stomatal density, stomatal length, and stomatal opening of the east-west direction treatment were significantly higher than those of the other relay strip intercropping treatments at each growth stage. In terms of yield and benefit, under the east-west direction treatment, soybean yield, grain-leaf ratio, grain leaf ratio at 1–5 nodes, and grain leaf ratio at 3–4 nodes were 1932.66 kg∙hm2, 1074.25 g∙m2, 498.50 g∙m2, and 207.59 g∙m2, respectively, which were higher than those in other treatments (P<0.05). Compared with the CKm treatment, the actual yield of maize in the north-south, northwest-southeast, and northeast-southwest direction treatments decreased significantly, whereas that in the east-west direction treatment increased by 1.67%. Moreover, the east-west direction treatment had the highest yield contribution rate (79.44%) of maize, and the land equivalent ratio was 1.66. In southern China, planting in the east-west row direction can better demonstrate the advantages of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems.

     

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