Advances in cellular toxicological effects of rare earths

Extensive application of Rare Earths(RE)in agriculture has brought remarkable economic benefits to Chinese farmers.However,environmental security concerns on the application of RE has drawn tremendous attention in science communities in both within and outside China.In integration with new researches,this paper reviews cellular toxicological effects of RE,including RE localization in cells,RE toxicological effects on cell membrane,organelle,genetic material and messenger.Further research into RE toxicology is suggested on thebasis of the discussions in this paper.