Abstract: China ranks first globally in both vegetable cultivation area and production. Due to high inputs of fertilizers and irrigation, vegetable fields have become significant sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. By integrating field observation data from 2000 to 2023, this study assessed the characteristics and influencing factors of N₂O emissions during the growing season in Chinese vegetable systems. Results showed that the average N₂O emission from vegetable fields was7.32 kg(N)·hm^‒2. Emissions were higher in northern China 8.13 kg(N)·hm^‒2 than in southern China 6.8 kg(N)·hm^‒2, with an increase of 19.4%. Greenhouse vegetable systems 7.93 kg(N)·hm^‒2 emitted 44.4% more N₂O than open-field systems 5.49 kg(N)·hm^‒2. Among crop types, fruit vegetables 8.43 kg(N)·hm^‒2 had significantly higher emissions than leafy vegetables 5.28 kg(N)·hm^‒2 and root/tuber vegetables 3.61 kg(N)·hm^‒2, by 59.7% and 133.5%, respectively. The average N₂O emission factor was 1.48%. Southern China (1.78%) showed a 64.8% higher emission factor than the north (1.08%), and open-field systems (1.82%) were 30.9% higher than greenhouse systems (1.39%). Fruit vegetables (1.45%) also exhibited higher emission factors than leafy (1.35%) and root/tuber vegetables (0.90%), by 7.4% and 61.1%, respectively. The yield-scaled N₂O emission averaged 0.125 kg·t^‒1. This value was higher in southern (0.145 kg·t^‒1) than northern regions (0.103 kg·t^‒1), and in open-field (0.151 kg·t^‒1) than greenhouse systems (0.118 kg·t^‒1), with increases of 40.8% and 28.0%, respectively. Fruit vegetables (0.138 kg·t^‒1) had higher yield-scaled emissions than leafy (0.122 kg·t^‒1) and root/tuber vegetables (0.036 kg·t^‒1), by 13.1% and 273.0%. At the national scale, N₂O emissions and yield-scaled emissions were significantly positively correlated with nitrogen application rates, while no significant effect was observed on emission factors. Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased N₂O emissions compared to the sole application of either, though it had no significant impact on the emission factor. Both acidic and alkaline soil conditions significantly increased N₂O emissions, and acidity also elevated the emission factor. Over-irrigation led to increased N₂O emissions, emission factors, and yield-scaled emissions. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of regional, agronomic, and crop-type differences in N₂O emissions and emission parameters is essential for accurately assessing and mitigating N₂O emissions from China’s vegetable systems. Nationwide strategies such as optimized nitrogen fertilization, water-saving irrigation, and acid soil amelioration are recommended to mitigate N₂O emissions in intensive vegetable production.