基于Meta分析研究主要栽培措施对强筋小麦量质协同的调控

Effects of main cultivation practices on simultaneous improvement in grain yield and protein content of strong gluten wheat: a Meta-analysis

  • 摘要: 我国面包消费量逐年增加, 但制作原料强筋小麦达标率低, 高产与高蛋白质协同提升难度大是限制其生产的主要瓶颈。播期、施氮量及密度是调控强筋小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的有效栽培措施, 但在黄淮海地区尚缺乏整合定量研究。因此, 本研究采用Meta分析的方法定量研究了2003—2023年黄淮海地区主要栽培措施对强筋小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的调控效应, 并选用该区域强筋小麦生产中适宜播期(10月10日—25日)、常规施氮量(270~300 kg·hm−2)、常规密度(180×104~240×104 株·hm−2)作为对照组。Meta分析结果表明, 与对照组相比, 当播期推迟0~35 d时, 产量显著降低, 平均降幅为2.86%~19.22%, 其中推迟21~28 d时降幅最大。当推迟0~7 d时, 籽粒蛋白质含量显著降低, 平均降幅为4.08%; 而当推迟21~28 d时, 平均增幅为10.54%。当施氮量减少0~30 kg·hm−2时, 产量显著增加, 平均增幅为4.67%; 而当减少30~60 kg·hm−2时, 产量显著降低, 平均降幅为2.75%; 当减少90~300 kg·hm−2时, 平均降幅范围为4.69%~36.84%。当施氮量减少30~300 kg·hm−2时, 籽粒蛋白质含量显著降低, 平均降幅为4.31%~23.54%。当密度增加0~90×104 株·hm−2时, 产量显著增加, 平均增幅为1.73%~3.59%。当密度增加30×104~90×104 株·hm−2时, 籽粒蛋白质含量显著增加, 平均增幅为2.01%~2.61%。此外, 明确了不同播期、施氮量及密度下强筋小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量之间关系, 通过回归方程计算可知, 将其分别控制在10月10日—21日、230~286 kg·hm−2、247×104~289×104 株·hm−2时, 产量>8 000 kg·hm−2, 同时籽粒蛋白质含量超过14.0%, 可实现量质协同。此时, 植株群体干物质积累量于开花期和成熟期分别维持在14.7~17.0和20.4~26.6 t·hm−2, 开花期单茎、茎、叶和穗氮含量分别达16.0、9.0、34.0和14.5 mg·g−1以上。以上研究结果可为黄淮海地区强筋小麦高产优质栽培提供科学依据和技术指导。

     

    Abstract: The consumption of breads produced by strong gluten wheat is increasing rapidly in China, however, it is difficult to find commercial grain with sufficient quality for bread-making in Chinese market. The high grain protein content (GPC) is desirable in strong gluten wheat, but a grain yield (GY) decrease was usually observed when achieving the targeted GPC in production. Sowing date, nitrogen rate and plant density are effective cultivation practices to regulate GY and GPC in strong gluten wheat. In this study, a Meta-analysis was performed on the effects of these main cultivation practices on GY and GPG of strong gluten wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region using the existing literature data from 2003 to 2023. The control (CK) was selected from 10 October to 25 October for sowing date, from 270 to 300 kg·hm−2 for nitrogen rate, and from 180×104 to 240×104 plants·hm−2 for plant density, respectively. The Meta-analysis showed that when the sowing date was delayed by 0 to 35 days, the GY of strong gluten wheat was significantly reduced by 2.86%~19.22%, and a sharp drop occurred from 21 to 28 days. Moreover, the GPC was significantly decreased by 4.08% when the sowing date was delayed by 0 to 7 days, while that was significantly increased by 10.54% when the sowing date was delayed by 21 to 28 days. When the nitrogen rate was reduced by 0 to 30 kg·hm−2, the GY was significantly increased by 4.67%; however, the GY was significantly decreased by 2.75% and 4.69%~36.84% when the nitrogen was reduced by 30~60 kg·hm−2 and 90~300 kg·hm−2, respectively. Meanwhile, an average decrease of 4.31%~23.54% was observed in GPC when the nitrogen rate was reduced by 30 to 240 kg·hm−2. When the plant density was increased by 0 to 90×104 plants·hm−2, the GY was significantly improved by 1.73%~3.59%; and an average increase of 2.01%~2.61% was observed in the GPC when the plant density was increased by 30×104 to 90×104 plants·hm−2. Furthermore, the relationship between GY and GPC of strong gluten wheat was analyzed under different cultivation practices mentioned above in this region. The qualified grain quality (GPC>14.0%) while maintaining high yield (GY>8 000 kg·hm−2) could be obtained with the sowing date from 10 October to 21 October, the nitrogen rate from 230 to 286 kg·hm−2, and the plant density from 247×104 to 289×104 plants·hm−2. Correspondingly, the dry matter accumulation of strong gluten wheat ranged between 14.7 and 17.0 t·hm−2 at anthesis as well as 20.4 and 26.6 t·hm−2 at maturity, while the nitrogen content of single stem, stem, leaf, and ear at anthesis is maintained within 16.0, 9.0, 34.0 and 14.5 mg·g−1. These findings would provide novel approaches for simultaneous improvement in the grain yield and quality of strong gluten wheat for bread-making in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region.

     

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