Abstract: China ranks first globally in terms of vegetable cultivation area and production. Vegetable fields have become significant sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions owing to high fertilizer and irrigation inputs. By integrating field observational data from 2000 to 2023, this study assessed the characteristics and factors influencing N₂O emissions during the Chinese vegetable system growing season. Results exhibited that the average N₂O emissions from vegetable fields was 7.32 kg(N)·hm^‒2. Emissions were higher in northern China 8.13 kg(N)·hm^‒2 than in southern China 6.8 kg(N)·hm^‒2, with an increase of 19.4%. Greenhouse vegetable systems 7.93 kg(N)·hm^‒2 emitted 44.4% additional N₂O than open-field systems 5.49 kg(N)·hm^‒2. Among crop types, fruit vegetables 8.43 kg(N)·hm^‒2 had significantly higher emissions than leafy 5.28 kg(N)·hm^‒2 and root/tuber vegetables 3.61 kg(N)·hm^‒2, by 59.7% and 133.5%, respectively. The average N₂O emission factor was 1.48%. Southern China (1.78%) exhibited a 64.8% higher emission factor than northern China (1.08%), and open-field systems (1.82%) were 30.9% higher than greenhouse systems (1.39%). Fruit vegetables (1.45%) also exhibited higher emission factors than leafy (1.35%) and root/tuber vegetables (0.90%) by 7.4% and 61.1%, respectively. The yield-scaled N₂O emissions averaged 0.125 kg·t^‒1. This value was higher in the southern (0.145 kg·t^‒1) than in the northern regions (0.103 kg·t^‒1), and in open-field (0.151 kg·t^‒1) than in greenhouse systems (0.118 kg·t^‒1), with increases of 40.8% and 28.0%, respectively. Fruit vegetables (0.138 kg·t^‒1) had higher yield-scaled emissions than leafy (0.122 kg·t^‒1) and root/tuber vegetables (0.036 kg·t^‒1), by 13.1% and 273.0%, respectively. At the national scale, N₂O and yield-scaled emissions were significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen application rates, whereas no significant effect was observed on emission factors. The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased N₂O emissions compared to the sole application of either fertilizer, although it had no significant impact on the emission factor. Both acidic and alkaline soil conditions significantly increased N₂O emissions, and acidity increased the emission factor. Over-irrigation led to increased N₂O emissions, emission factors, and yield-scale emissions. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of regional, agronomic, and crop type differences in N₂O emissions and emissions parameters is essential for accurately assessing and mitigating N₂O emissions from vegetable systems in China. Nationwide strategies, such as optimized nitrogen fertilization, water-saving irrigation, and acidic soil amelioration, are recommended to mitigate N₂O emissions during intensive vegetable production.