功能型肥料的发展与展望

Development and prospect for functional fertilizers

  • 摘要: 21世纪以来, 我国耕地质量退化、中低产田占比高、部分耕地污染物超标等问题逐渐暴露, 土壤改良剂、污染物钝化剂、商品有机肥等产品的需求量也大幅度增加, 功能型肥料也应运而生, 并表现出快速发展的态势, 为肥料产业发展带来了新的契机。未来功能型肥料的核心是“养分高效+环境友好+抗逆增产”三位一体, 其发展将依托生物技术、材料科学、智能农业等多学科交叉融合, 聚焦肥料智能化、微生物-纳米耦合、生物基替代等前沿技术, 需研发适应区域耕地提升与污染治理需求的产品, 进而支撑农业高质量发展。本文在总结我国功能型肥料产业发展的基础上, 系统分析了其主要类型、研究重点及方向, 可为功能型肥料产业健康发展, 有效发挥其在保障国家粮食和农产品安全、生态安全及农业绿色发展中的作用提供重要参考。

     

    Abstract: Since the beginning of the 21st century, significant challenges concerning China’s arable land resources have emerged. These include widespread soil quality degradation, the prevalence of medium-to-low-yielding fields, and concerning instances of soil contamination in certain regions. These multifaceted issues pose substantial threats to agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and food security. Concurrently, this period has witnessed a dramatic surge in the demand for soil amendments designed to counteract degradation, specialized pollutant passivators for mitigating contamination risks, and commercial organic fertilizers to enhance soil organic matter. Against this backdrop, functional fertilizers–products engineered to deliver benefits beyond basic nutrient supply–have emerged as a pivotal innovation within the fertilizer industry. This sector is exhibiting rapid development momentum, presenting significant new opportunities for the evolution of fertilizer technologies and markets. The core paradigm for the future development of functional fertilizers in China centers on a “trinity approach” integrating: 1) Enhanced nutrient use efficiency (NUE) to minimize losses and environmental impact; 2) Environmental Compatibility ensuring minimal ecological footprint; and 3) Improved Crop Stress Resilience and Yield Enhancement even under suboptimal conditions. Achieving this integrated vision necessitates profound interdisciplinary convergence. Future advancements will critically depend on leveraging cutting-edge research and innovation across diverse fields, including biotechnology (e.g., harnessing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and microbial consortia for nutrient solubilization and stress mitigation), materials science (e.g., developing novel controlled/slow-release coatings, nanocomposites, and sorbent materials), and smart agriculture (e.g., integrating sensors, data analytics, and precision application technologies). This comprehensive review systematically synthesizes the developmental trajectory of China's functional fertilizer industry. It provides a detailed analysis of the primary categories of functional fertilizers currently available or under development. Furthermore, it critically examines the key research priorities and emerging technological directions shaping the field. By consolidating this knowledge, the review aims to offer robust scientific guidance and strategic insights. Ultimately, the successful development and deployment of these advanced products are crucial for safeguarding national food and agricultural product security, ensuring ecological safety, and underpinning the transition towards green agricultural development in China.

     

/

返回文章
返回