浙江衢州生态农场发展现状及典型模式

Development status and typical models of eco-farms in Quzhou, Zhejiang

  • 摘要: 生态农场作为生态农业生产经营主体, 在农业绿色转型和农业强国建设中发挥着重要作用。本文以浙江省衢州市为研究对象, 系统分析15家不同类型生态农场的发展现状、模式特点、关键技术与适用范围, 讨论主体发展经验与存在问题, 提出建议与展望, 以期为相似生态经济条件地区或主体提供参考。研究显示, 衢州生态农场在土壤健康管理、生态低碳技术、科技装备应用等方面表现突出。种植型农场通过改良种植布局模式、有机肥替代化肥、绿肥种植等措施, 使土壤有机质含量均值达23.5 g∙kg1, 远超当地普通柑橘园8.3 g∙kg1的水平。养殖型农场采用良种选育、自动化生产、强化防疫管理、粪污资源化处理等措施, 实现生猪养殖抗菌药使用量减少27.9%, 粪污综合利用率达100%。种养结合型农场则通过“科技驱动+生态循环”模式, 构建“种植—养殖—沼气—有机肥”闭环系统, 实现农业废弃物“零排放”, 带动周边农民就业, 显著提升生态与社会效益。然而, 衢州生态农场仍存在环境污染监管不足、生态技术应用简易、种养结构匹配度有待提高等问题。建议加强废弃物循环质量控制、系统化应用生态技术、利用信息化手段实现标准化生产、农文旅融合提高经济效益。未来生态农场可通过消费端市场驱动、组建技术与产品联盟、发挥生态农业多功能性及探索生态补偿机制等, 充分利用发展机遇, 成为农业绿色转型的核心载体。

     

    Abstract: Eco-farms, as major entities engaged in agroecological practices, play an important role in promoting green transformation and sustainable development of agriculture. This study systematically analyzes the development status, model characteristics, key technologies, and applicable conditions of 15 eco-farms of different types in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, discusses their experiences and challenges, and proposes recommendations and future prospects, aiming to provide references for regions or entities with similar ecological and economic conditions. We find that Quzhou eco-farms demonstrate good performance in soil health management, ecological low-carbon technologies, and the application of technical equipment. Crop production farms, through optimized cultivation systems, organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer, and green manure planting, achieved an average soil organic matter content of 23.5 g∙kg1, while the local conventional soil organic matter content of citrus orchards is 8.3 g∙kg1. Livestock production farms adopted high-quality variety breeding, automated production, enhanced disease control management, and manure recycling, resulting in a 27.9% reduction in antimicrobial use in pig farming and a 100% comprehensive utilization rate of manure. Integrated crop-livestock farms have established a closed-loop system of “cropping-breeding-biogas-organic fertilizer” through a “technology-driven and ecological recycling” model, achieving “zero discharge” of agricultural wastes, while creating jobs for local farmers and enhancing ecological and social benefits. However, challenges remain, including insufficient environmental pollution supervision, simplistic application of ecological technologies, and low coordination between cropping and breeding systems. Recommendations include improving the quality control of wastes recycling, systematically applying ecological technologies, utilizing digital tools for standardized production, and integrating agriculture with cultural and tourism industries to enlarge economic returns. In the future, eco-farms could leverage opportunities through market-driven strategies, forming technology and product alliances, and exploring ecological compensation mechanisms to fully realize their potential as core participants for agricultural green transition.

     

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