灌溉阈值对河北坝上地区大白菜耗水特征、产量和品质的影响

Effects of irrigation threshold on the water consumption, yield, and quality of Chinese cabbage in the Bashang Area

  • 摘要: 河北坝上地区蔬菜生产长期面临灌溉管理粗放以及由此导致的水分利用效率低的问题, 亟需构建高产-优质-节水协同的精准灌溉模式。本研究在该地区以大白菜为研究对象, 分别在苗期、莲座期和结球期设置不同灌溉阈值, 其中W1 苗期80%~95%田间持水量(FC), 莲座期80%~95% FC, 结球期80%~90% FC总灌溉量为170.5 mm, W2 (苗期80%~90% FC, 莲座期70%~90% FC, 结球期70%~85% FC)总灌溉量为135.1 mm, W3 (苗期80%~100% FC, 莲座期60%~100% FC, 结球期60%~100% FC)总灌溉量为210.4 mm, 探究膜下滴灌土壤水分阈值调控对作物耗水、产量和品质的影响。结果表明: 与灌溉量最高的W3处理相比, W2处理灌溉量和蒸散量分别减少35.7%和18.1%, 毛菜和净菜产量未明显降低; 而W1处理灌溉量和蒸散量分别减少39.8 mm和25.3 mm, 净菜产量降低10.0%。3种灌溉方案相比, W2处理毛菜水分利用效率较W1和W3处理分别提高25.2%和20.1%, 灌溉水利用效率分别提高40.8%和53.0%, 且W2处理蔬菜品质总体最优, 硝酸盐含量为1 422.7 mg/kg, 维生素C含量为250.5 mg/kg。总体上, W2处理能够满足白菜不同生育阶段土壤水分需求, 与作物需水规律较为一致, 兼顾节水高效与品质提升。本研究结果为寒旱区坝上高原大白菜高效节水生产体系构建提供了重要理论依据和技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: The vegetable production in Bashang Area of Hebei is facing the problem of low water use efficiency caused by extensive irrigation management. It is urgent to build a high-yield, high-quality and water-saving collaborative precision irrigation mode. In this study, the Chinese cabbage in this area was taken as the research object, and different irrigation thresholds were set at seedling stage, rosette stage and heading stage: Among them, the total irrigation volume of W1 80%−95% field capacity (FC) at seedling stage, 80%−95% FC at rosette stage, and 80%−90% FC at heading stage is 170.5 mm. The total irrigation volume of W2 (80%−90% FC at seedling stage, 70%−90% FC at rosette stage, 70%−85% FC at heading stage) is 135.1 mm. The total irrigation volume of W3 (80%−100% FC at seedling stage, 60%−100% FC at rosette stage, 60%−100% FC at heading stage) is 210.4 mm, to explore the effects of soil water threshold regulation of drip irrigation under film on crop water consumption, yield and quality. The results indicated that, compared with W3 (the highest irrigation amount), the irrigation amount and evapotranspiration of W2 decreased by 35.7% and 18.1%, respectively, with no significant reduction in the yields of untrimmed and trimmed vegetables; The irrigation and evapotranspiration of W1 decreased by 39.8 mm and 25.3 mm, respectively, resulting in a 10.0% decrease in trimmed vegetable yield. Compared with the three irrigation schemes, the water use efficiency of W2 increased by 25.2% and 20.1% respectively compared to W1 and W3, and the irrigation water use efficiency increased by 40.8% and 53% respectively compared to W1 and W3. Moreover, W2 had the best quality (nitrate content 1422.7 mg/kg, vitamin C 250.5 mg/kg). In general, the W2 model can meet the soil water demand of different growth stages of Chinese cabbage, which is consistent with the water demand law of crops. By selecting the appropriate soil water threshold and irrigation amount through precise water control, the evapotranspiration water consumption is reduced under the premise of ensuring the yield and quality of pure vegetables and vegetables, and the synergistic improvement of water use efficiency WUE and irrigation water use efficiency IWUE is realized. The results of this study provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of efficient water-saving production system of Chinese cabbage in Bashang Plateau in cold and arid regions.

     

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