烤烟施用光叶苕子发酵粉复配调控物质的效应

赵文军; 张愉乐; 陆俊平; 王正旭; 赵文佳; 王剑松; 刘魁; 陈华; 曹卫东

doi:10.12357/cjea.20250560

摘要: 光叶苕子是云南常见的冬绿肥作物，其草粉是优质有机物料。云南是我国烟草主产区，近些年烟田土壤退化、烤烟病害多发，需要创新解决方案。为此，在抚仙湖烟区研究了光叶苕子粉发酵后添加复合抗病菌、黄腐酸钾、生根剂对烤烟产量、品质及土壤养分的影响，为云南烤烟生产及光叶苕子综合利用提供支撑。小区试验表明，与常规施肥(CK)相比，苕子发酵粉(VK)、苕子发酵粉+复合抗病菌(VK+FB)、苕子发酵粉+黄腐酸钾(VK+HK)和苕子发酵粉+生根剂(VK+SG)处理下的烤烟产值分别增加13.9%、22.7%、13.9%和14.3%，其中VK+HK处理下烤烟的产量和上等烟比例分别增加8.8%和5.2个百分点。苕子发酵粉复配材料的各处理均能改善烤烟品质和土壤性状，其中，VK+HK和VK+SG处理下的烤烟钾氯比提高36.6%和41.5%、土壤无机氮含量增加55.5%和83%。VK+SG、VK+FB、VK+SG处理均显著增加了土壤中碳、氮、磷及氧化还原反应相关水解酶活性；酶计量比表明，VK+FB和VK+HK处理土壤微生物代谢氮限制降低11.6%和12.7%，说明了土壤微生物活性增强的同时促进了土壤养分循环。澄江、江川和通海三点示范试验表明，与CK相比，VK+SG、VK+FB、VK+SG处理三地的烟叶产量平均分别增加了9.0%、6.7%和10.4%，均价平均分别提高了4.5%、4.6%和6.8%，产值平均分别增加了14.0%、11.7%和17.9%。综上，苕子发酵粉添加复合抗病菌、黄腐酸钾、生根剂对于烤烟均有良好的提质增效作用。

Abstract: The smooth vetch is a popular winter green manure, and its powder is a high-quality organic material in Yunnan. Yunnan is a major tobacco-producing area in China. In recent years, tobacco fields have suffered from soil degradation and frequent tobacco diseases, requiring innovative solutions. Therefore, the effects of smooth vetch fermentation powder combined with compound antibacterial agent, fulvic acid potassium, and rooting agents on the yield, quality, and soil nutrients of tobacco were studied in the Fuxian Lake tobacco-growing area, providing support for Yunnan's tobacco production and the comprehensive utilization of smooth vetch. In the plot experiment, compared with the conventional fertilization (CK), smooth vetch fermentation powder (VK), VK + compound antibacterial agent (VK+FB), VK + fulvic acid potassium (VK+HK), and VK + rooting agent (VK+SG) increased the output value of flue-cured tobacco by 13.9%、22.7%、13.9% and 14.3%, respectively. The yield and the proportion of high-grade tobacco of flue-cured tobacco under the VK + HK treatment increased by 8.8% and 5.2%, respectively. The quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil properties were improved under the treatments of smooth vetch fermentation powder combined with other materials. Among them, VK + HK and VK+SG increased the potassium-chloride ratio by 36.6% and 41.5%, and soil inorganic nitrogen content increased by 55.5% and 83%, respectively. The treatments of VK+SG, VK+FB, and VK+SG significantly increased the activities of soil hydrolytic enzymes in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and redox reactions. The enzyme stoichiometric ratio revealed that the nitrogen limitation of soil microbial metabolism decreased by 11.6% and 12.7% in the VK+FB and VK+HK treatments. These results indicated that the activity of soil microorganisms was enhanced, and the soil nutrient cycle was promoted. In the demonstration experiments suggested that compared with the CK, the average yield of treated tobacco leaves in the VK+SG, VK+FB and VK+SG treatmentsincreased by 9.1%, 6.7% and 10.4%, the average price increased by 4.5%, 4.6% and 6.8% respectively, and the output value increased by 14.0%, 11.7% and 17.9% respectively, in Chengjiang, Jiangchuan and Tonghai of Yunnan Province. In summary, smooth vetch fermentation powder combined with compound antibacterial agent, fulvic acid potassium, and rooting agent improved the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco.