丝兰提取物对鸡粪储存碳氮养分与痕量气体排放的影响

Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on carbon-nitrogen nutrients and trace gaseous emissions during chicken manure storage

  • 摘要: 畜禽粪便储存是粪污管理链中控制温室气体与氨排放,减少养分流失的关键环节。本研究以液态鸡粪为对象,通过30天静态储存试验,评估添加丝兰提取物(YSE,Yucca schidigera extract)对其碳氮养分变化及气体排放的影响。试验设置空白对照(T0)、0.5% YSE(T1)和0.1%生物除臭剂(阳性对照,T2)三个处理。结果表明,储存过程中鸡粪pH缓慢上升,水分含量降低,电导率显著下降,且T1与T2组较T0组变化差异显著(P < 0.05)。储存结束时,T1和T2组全氮(TN,total nitrogen)含量较T0组分别显著提高36.43%和21.69%,有机质含量(OM, organic matter)分别增加7.28%和5.68%。碳氮气体排放方面,相较于T0组,T1和T2组NH₃累积排放量分别显著降低21.60%和19.88%(P < 0.05);T1组CO₂累积排放量较T0组降低9.59%(P > 0.05);CH₄与N₂O排放量处理间无显著差异。相关性分析表明,NH₃排放与NO₃⁻-N浓度和NH₄⁺-N浓度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01),而与TN和OM含量呈负相关。CO₂排放与电导率和NO₃⁻-N浓度显著正相关(P < 0.05),与OM含量极显著负相关(P < 0.01)。综上,添加0.5%丝兰提取物可有效降低液态鸡粪储存过程的NH₃排放与氮素损失,提升有机质保留率,为粪便储存阶段的绿色减排,固氮提供了可行技术方案。

     

    Abstract:  Liquid manure storage represents a critical stage in manure management for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions while preserving nutrient value. In China, substantial poultry production (173.4 billion birds slaughtered in 2024) generates massive manure volumes, necessitating effective storage-phase mitigation strategies. This study specifically evaluated the impact of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on carbon/nitrogen dynamics and gaseous emissions during 30-day static storage of liquid chicken manure, comparing it with a commercial biological deodorant. Fresh layer manure (initial pH 7.09, moisture content 77%, total nitrogen (TN) 2.90 g kg-1, organic matter (OM) 664.38 g kg-1) from a Hebei Province farm was used. Three treatments were established in triplicate using 20-L sealed containers (45 cm × 25 cm × 20 cm) equipped with sampling ports: T0 (Control: 100 mL water), T1 (0.5% YSE powder + 100 mL water, w/w fresh weight basis), and T2 (0.1% biological deodorant + 100 mL water, w/w fresh weight basis). YSE (purchased from Xi'an Weiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) contained ≥30% saponins (UV method), glycosides, resveratrol, and polyphenols. The biological deodorant contained Bacillus spp., Acetobacter spp., Yeast, and Lactic acid bacteria (>2×1010 CFU g-1). Manure temperature and ambient conditions were monitored twice daily. Physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content (MC), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), TN, OM, C/N ratio) were analyzed on days 0, 9, 19, and 30 using grid sampling (12 locations per container). NH3 emissions were quantified daily using boric acid trapping and titration with 1% H₂SO₄. GHG fluxes (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O)) were measured every 2 days (days 0-15) and every 3 days (days 15-30) using static chamber-gas chromatography (Agilent 7890A). Global Warming Potential (GWP, kg CO2-eq t-1) was calculated considering CH4(28×CO2), direct N2O (265×CO2), and indirect N2O from NH3 volatilization (0.01×NH₃-N emitted). Data analysis employed one-way ANOVA and LSD tests (SPSS 27.0, significance P < 0.05). Results demonstrated gradual pH increases and MC decreases across all treatments, with no significant inter-treatment differences (P > 0.05). EC decreased significantly over time, with T1 and T2 showing significantly lower values than T0 throughout storage (P < 0.05). By day 30, T1 EC (2261 μS cm-1) was 29.54% lower than T0 (3017 μS cm-1). YSE addition significantly altered nitrogen dynamics. T1 exhibited a transient NO3--N peak (84.52 mg kg-1 at day 9) followed by a sharp decline to 27.04 mg kg-1 by day 30. NH4+-N concentration in T1 decreased significantly more (84.85%, from 23.03 g kg-1 to 3.49 g kg-1) compared to T0 (78.01%, from 30.92 g kg-1 to 6.80 g kg-1) (P < 0.05). Crucially, TN content at day 30 was significantly higher in T1 (29.48 g kg-1) and T2 (27.79 g kg-1) compared to T0 (21.60 g kg-1), representing increases of 36.43% and 21.69%, respectively (P < 0.05). OM content was also significantly higher in T1 (660.93 g kg-1) than T0 (616.09 g kg-1) at termination (increase of 7.28%, P < 0.05). The C/N ratio was consistently lower in T1 than T0. Regarding gaseous emissions, cumulative NH3 emissions were significantly reduced by 21.60% in T1 and 19.88% in T2 compared to T0 (P < 0.05). T1 also showed a 9.59% reduction in cumulative CO2 emissions compared to T0, although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in cumulative CH4 or N2O emissions among treatments (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed NH3 emissions were positively correlated with NO3--N concentration (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and NH4+-N concentration (r = 0.85, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with TN (r = -0.86, P < 0.01) and OM content (r = -0.93, P < 0.001). CO2 emissions showed positive correlations with EC (r = 0.72, P < 0.05) and NO3--N (r = 0.69, P < 0.05), and a strong negative correlation with OM (r = -0.83, P < 0.01). Total GWP did not differ significantly among treatments (T0: 136.69, T1: 142.75, T2: 121.01 kg t-1 (CO2-eq); P > 0.05), with CH4 contributing 95.52-96.63%. In conclusion, adding 0.5% Yucca schidigera extract effectively mitigated NH3 emissions (21.60% reduction) and nitrogen loss (36.43% higher TN retention) while enhancing OM preservation (7.28% increase) during static storage of liquid chicken manure. Its efficacy in NH₃ reduction was comparable to a commercial biological deodorant. The primary mechanisms appear linked to YSE's saponins modulating nitrogen mineralization and microbial activity, thereby reducing NH4+-N accumulation and NH3 volatilization. This study provides a practical, natural additive-based strategy for reducing environmental impact and conserving nutrient value in liquid poultry manure storage systems.
     

     

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